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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The influence of safety belt laws on self-reported safety belt use in the United States.

We assessed rates and trends in safety belt use by presence and type of safety belt law using data from states participating in the 1984-1989 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. State(s) with a safety belt law allowing law enforcement officers to stop vehicles for occupants' failure to use safety belts (primary enforcement law) had greater and more rapid increases in safety belt use rates than did states with laws requiring that vehicles must first be stopped for some other violation before a citation or fine for occupants' failure to use safety belts could be imposed (secondary enforcement law). Larger and sustained increases in safety belt use occurred when safety belt laws became effective or when fines were imposed for violations than when laws were first enacted. These data suggest that primary enforcement laws result in greater and more rapid increases in safety belt use than do secondary enforcement laws, and that initial increases in safety belt use following implementation of laws are sustained.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Workplace Safety Champions: Strengthening safety culture through nurse engagement.

Workplace violence is a growing concern in health care, disproportionately affecting frontline nurses and nursing assistants. Despite high prevalence, underreporting remains a barrier to effective prevention and response. This article describes the development, implementation, and outcomes of a Workplace Safety Champion program designed to increase reporting of violent incidents and strengthen a culture of safety. A multidisciplinary task force developed an evidence-based Workplace Safety Champion course that emphasizes de-escalation strategies, reporting processes, and staff support. Champions were appointed across inpatient and emergency units and integrated into a hospital-wide Workplace Safety Champion Council. Program evaluation used course completion data and posttraining surveys. The organizational goal of having at least one trained champion in 90% of inpatient and emergency units was exceeded, with 98% of units represented (N = 93 champions). More than 85% of learners reported intent to change their response to workplace violence, and 90% endorsed improved knowledge of resources and de-escalation strategies. The Workplace Safety Champion program successfully improved staff awareness, reporting, and engagement in workplace violence prevention. Embedding champions across units can serve as a sustainable strategy to strengthen safety culture and support frontline health care workers.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Safety aspects in biotechnology. Classifications and safety precautions for handling of biological agents.

The term "biotechnology" is today used much more widely than 10 years ago. According to the modern definition, biotechnology represents the "conveyor belt" which brings advances in the fields of molecular biology, cell biology, molecular genetics, microbiology, biochemistry and process engineering, etc., into the areas of application. It is attempted to indicate the development of safety standards concerning biotechnology. This development is in a state of flux, and the finding that the risks in handling r-DNA organisms are not larger than those arising when handling the known pathogens is becoming more accepted. Accordingly, these r-DNA organisms can also be classified into the known risk groups I-IV and handled under the corresponding safety conditions according to this classification: In the laboratory under the laboratory safety measures L1-L4 described in the BMFT-Guidelines or guidelines for occupational health and hygiene (UVV Biotechnologie) and on a process scale under the process safety measures described in the OECD report. The discussion of aspects on waste disposal, education/training and public perception in the field of biological safety completes the report.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2026

External ventricular drain safety campaign and opportunities for global neuroanesthesiology quality and safety.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review describes the conceptualization and implementation of the External Ventricular Drain (EVD) Safety Campaign, a global patient safety initiative by the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care. It summarizes recent literature on EVD insertion and maintenance, highlights opportunities to advance quality and safety in neuroanesthesiology, and outlines priorities and a framework for future work. RECENT FINDINGS: The Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care launched a global initiative to improve EVD management. EVD insertion and maintenance remain key areas of ongoing research and quality improvement, particularly in reducing complications. SUMMARY: The EVD Safety Campaign provides a structured framework to improve care delivery and patient outcomes worldwide. Continued focus on standardization, education, and complication reduction, especially infection prevention, will be essential to advancing the field.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Safety programs of the Farm Safety Association in Ontario, Canada.

The Ontario Farm Safety Association, established in 1973 under the Workers' Compensation Act, provides safety education services to the agricultural community to reduce injuries and fatalities. With a staff of 14, various programs are administered including health and safety seminars, inspections, technical consulting, specialized agricultural safety publications and audio-visual materials, statistical gathering and analysis, as well as elementary school programs.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2026

Phase 1 Study Evaluating Gefurulimab Pharmacokinetics and Safety Following Delivery Via Autoinjector or Prefilled Syringe With Needle Safety Device in Healthy Adults.

PURPOSE: Gefurulimab, a novel dual-binding nanobody targeting complement component 5 (C5), is in clinical development for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis. Gefurulimab has a low molecular weight, enabling subcutaneous (SC) self-administration by autoinjector (AI) or prefilled syringe with needle safety device (PFS-SD). We compared gefurulimab pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure and safety in healthy adults following a single SC dose administered by AI versus PFS-SD. METHODS: In this phase 1, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study (NCT06208488), healthy participants aged 18 to 65 years were stratified by weight and randomized equally to 1 of 6 combination groups of device and injection site (abdomen/thigh/upper arm). Participants received a single SC dose of gefurulimab on day 1 and were assessed throughout the 92-day evaluation period. Primary endpoints were PK parameters for each device: maximum observed concentration (Cmax) and area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUCinf, AUClast). PK across injection sites, pharmacodynamics, safety, immunogenicity, and device performance were also assessed. FINDINGS: Overall, 175 participants were randomized: AI (n = 87), PFS-SD (n = 88). Geometric least squares mean ratios (90% CI) comparing AI/PFS-SD for Cmax, AUCinf, and AUClast were 97.6% (94.5-100.8), 99.6% (96.1-103.3), and 98.8% (95.2‒102.6), respectively. Secondary analyses found no meaningful differences in PK parameters across injection sites. Serum-free C5 concentrations over time, treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) profiles, and antidrug antibody responses were similar between cohorts. Most TEAEs were mild; none led to study discontinuation. IMPLICATIONS: SC administration of gefurulimab by AI and PFS-SD was well tolerated with comparable exposure, meeting bioequivalence criteria.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

[Safety evaluation of KW-1062. III. Investigation of maximum safety dose on subacute toxicity studies in dogs (author's transl)].

In previous subacute toxicity studies by intramuscular administration carried out in Beagle dogs for 30 days, its maximum safety dose was not confirmed because renal tubular disorder was observed slightly at the dose of 25 mg/kg. Therefore subacute intramuscular toxicity studies were carried out again to investigate maximum safety dose using lower doses (4, 10 mg/kg). As the result of studies, the maximum safety dose was considered to be 10 mg/kg because there were no abnormal changes at both doses.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Policies, guidelines, and recommendations for MR imaging safety and patient management. SMRI Safety Committee.

The following are policies, guidelines, and recommendations from the Safety Committee of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SMRI) concerning various issues related to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging safety and patient management. These policies, guidelines, and recommendations were developed to provide standardized and consistent information for use by health practitioners involved in clinical MR imaging.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Policies, guidelines, and recommendations for MR imaging safety and patient management. SMRI Safety Committee.

The following are policies, guidelines, and recommendations from the Safety Committee of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SMRI) concerning various issues related to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging safety and patient management. These policies, guidelines, and recommendations were developed to provide standardized and consistent information for use by health practitioners involved in clinical MR imaging.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in mild hypertension with concomitant diseases and therapies: an efficacy, safety, and compatibility study of novel design, the Perindopril Therapeutic Safety Study.

Despite a marked reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, treated hypertensive patients remain at increased risk of coronary artery disease and its complications compared with untreated normotensive subjects. Mild hypertension is often associated with other, usually chronic, diseases. The failure of first-line antihypertensive therapy to deal adequately with concomitant disease and associated therapy might account for the poor improvement in the cardiovascular prognosis. This possibility has been addressed in an ongoing trial of novel design, the Perindopril Therapeutic Safety Study, a multicenter, double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial to determine the safety, efficacy, and interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with eight of the most common concomitant diseases and their therapies. A total of 480 male and female patients (60 per disease group) aged 30-70 years, with a diastolic pressure of 90-104 mm Hg, were included after a 3-week placebo run-in if they satisfied standard criteria for any of the following: hyperlipidemia, type II diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, peripheral arterial disease, nephropathy with proteinuria, chronic obstructive lung disease, or rheumatoid arthritis. Of these, 460 patients have completed the 6-week double-blind phase (comprising two assessments, at 3 and 6 weeks), and are currently undergoing assessments every 3 months over a 1-year follow-up period. The end points include the incidence of progression or improvement in concomitant disease, the incidence of positive or negative interaction between ACE inhibition and concomitant therapy, change in blood pressure, adverse biochemical and hemodynamic reactions, self-reported side effects, and quality of life indices. Interim results for the 6-week double blind phase will shortly be available. However, the desirability and feasibility of conducting a study according to this novel design have already been proved.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

New food safety initiatives in the Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The production of meat and poultry products has become increasingly complex. Technological growth has contributed to the need for sophistication in determining the origin and risk of food-borne microbial infections as well as environmental contaminants. The increasing use of agricultural chemicals in animal production and to some extent in processed foods has led to the presence of chemical residues in meat and poultry. These changes have caused the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), a public health agency within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), to institute new food safety initiatives and procedures for inspection of meat and poultry products. The goal is to reduce risks to the public health from conditions observed during antemortem and postmortem inspection or detected during processing. FSIS is committed to scientific innovation and has implemented several rapid inplant tests that have given the Agency inexpensive, less disruptive methods to determine product adulteration contamination.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on the efficacy and safety of panipenem/betamipron in infections in surgical domain and the safety when mixed with lactate containing infusion].

Studies were done on the effectiveness and safety of panipenem/betamipron, a new carbapenem antibiotic, in infections in the surgical domain and its safety when dissolved in infusions containing lactate. The obtained results are summarized as follows. The preparation, 0.5 g/0.5 g or 1.0 g/1.0 g, was administered by intravenous drip infusion 2 to 3 times a day to 31 cases of patients with infections in the surgical domain. A physiological saline solution was used as the solvent in 21 cases (group A) of them and Solita T3, an infusion containing lactate, was used as the solvent in the 10 remaining cases (group B). As for its clinical effects, results were rated as "excellent" in 20, "good" in 7, "fair" in 3 and "no response" in 1 out of the 31 cases, and the efficacy rate was 87.1%. Regarding its bacteriological effects, results were rated as "disappeared" in 22, "decreased" in 2, "unchanged" in 1 and "unknown" in 1 out of 26 cases from which bacteria were isolated, hence the bacteria-clearance rate was 88.0%. As for side effects, skin rash was seen in 1 case and slight increases of GOT and GPT were noted as abnormal changes in laboratory data in 2 cases. These side effects were all observed among the cases in group A but not at all in group B where a lactate containing infusion was used as the solvent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Design modifications of a class II biological safety cabinet and user guidelines for enhancing safety.

Class II Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs) are widely used in biological and chemical research for protection of the investigator, the environment, and the project. However, researchers' operational procedures are often inconsistent with BSC design limitations. While the Class II BSC is only a partial containment cabinet, better design and user training can improve containment, thereby increasing personnel protection. The authors developed design modifications for a Class II BSC to permit internal waste collection and to optimize the available work area. An internal recessed well for the waste receptacle, relocation of petcocks and electrical duplex, and installation of a new vacuum bottle make operation of the cabinet more efficient and potentially safer. To correct poor work practices, which can compromise the protective features of any BSC, precise guidelines and training programs should be relied on. Standardization of guidelines for operation of BSCs would be beneficial to the clinical and research community, given the frequent exchange of investigators among biomedical institutions.

Containment of Biohazards↗
PubMed1991

The material safety data sheet: a guide to chemical safety in the OR.

1. Workers can call OSHA to report violations of the "right to know" standard. If OSHA finds violations, it can issue warnings, levy a fine, or shut down a facility until corrections are made. 2. The Material Safety Data Sheet was developed for use by the chemical industry and is written more for users of large quantities of chemicals, not small users such as OR nurses. 3. Every MSDS contains nine sections. There is no standardization of MSDSs among suppliers and the sections may be in different sequences depending on the source.

Hazardous Substances↗
PubMed1990

Leukocyte immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in a multisite study: standardization, quality control, and normal values in the Transfusion Safety Study. The Transfusion Safety Study Group.

The Transfusion Safety Study (TSS) is a multicenter, cooperative investigation of factors that may determine the occurrence and modify the expression of transfusion-transmitted infections. A flow cytometry laboratory was established in each of the six participating centers in order to avoid alterations in cell phenotypes which may be caused by shipping delays, temperature changes, and handling. As a consequence, in order to assure compatibility of results, stringent standardization, quality control, and proficiency testing procedures were developed. This paper documents (i) the effect of time from phlebotomy to specimen staining and then to analysis for the antibodies used in the study; (ii) the effects of variations in light scatter cursor location for certain antibodies; (iii) a quality control program and data management and analysis system, each specifically designed for the study; and (iv) presents extensive data on age- and sex-related reference (normal) ranges for the several individual and paired monoclonal antibodies used in the study. Problems encountered, including obtaining reliable absolute lymphocyte counts, interference by nucleated erythrocytes, and sources of variability in results, are discussed. This study is meant to serve as a reference for future TSS publications.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1991

[Safety of children in cars. Safety systems, their use and misuse possibilities].

In Denmark 11-30 children and infants are killed every year in car accidents. In this country, there is no legislation concerning children under 3 years as car passengers, in spite of the fact that child restraints have proved effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality. Legislation concerning seat belts and chairs may reduce the frequency of injury and death by at least 25% and by 50% in children under one year. Children and infants are not "small adults" and require specially designed restraints. Only 83% use safety-chairs and belts, and in 63-74% the devices are incorrectly used. This reduces the effectiveness seriously and may even, per se, injure the children. The restraint systems (baby chair, child seat, cushion, belt and seat) are described together with the correct use and the possibilities for misuse. The use of rearfacing infant chairs on the back-seat for children under 4 years of age is recommended. Prevention by further information, legislation, rental programs, reduced taxes and a new design of seats is discussed. Profylactic information concerning the correct use of child restraint devices given by the family's general practitioner, is recommended.

Accidents, Traffic↗