SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Salmon”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1976

Effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin on gastric secretion and ulcer formation in conscious cats and rats.

In conscious and unrestrained cats the gastric secretion and ulcer formation induced by i.v. infusion of pentagastrin can be inhibited by synthetic salmon calcitonin given simultaneously. The volume and various constituents of gastric juice are proportionally diminished. Pepsin alone is definitely more inhibited, which may be of significance in respect to the mode of action of calcitonin. These effects are dose dependent in the range of 0.01 mug - 1.0 mug/kg/h salmon calcitonin, corresponding to 0.05 - 5.0 MRC units. Based on the finding that such minute doses have effects, it may be speculated that calcitonin has a regulatory function in gastric secretion of cats. In Shay-rats a dose dependent inhibitory effect of salmon calcitonin on ulcer formation and gastric secretion is demonstrated. Besides the volume, the acid concentration of gastric juice is reduced, which may explain the high efficacy of salmon calcitonin to prevent ulcer formation in this species. Ulcerations induced by pylorus ligation, stress and phenylbutazone can be inhibited to a similar degree by calcitonin, suggesting interference with a basal mechanism common to all three types of ulcerogenesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

The use of glycol methacrylate embedding for studies of chromatin distribution and fine structure in salmon spermatid nuclei.

Glycol methacrylate has been used as an embedding medium for studies of spermiogenesis in the salmon. DNA and basic proteins are shown to stain with the same specificity in thick (0.5-1.0 mu) sections of GMA-embedded salmon testes as in sections of comparably fixed, paraffin-embedded testes. Stain can be localized far more precisely in GMA sections than in paraffin sections due to the thinness of the sections and to the excellent structural preservation of nuclei. In addition, ultra-thin sections of GMA-embedded salmon testes can be observed with the electron microscope, and this permits exact correlation between nuclear fine structure and chemical composition in consecutive sections of the same nuclei.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Influence of dietary lipid on lipogenic enzyme activities in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum).

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), 8 to 18 months of age, were maintained in culture tanks and were fed three semipurified diets. The diets contained 40% of energy from protein and 11.5%, 23%, or 46% of energy from lipid. The body weight gain and food conversion factors were similar among groups of fish fed the diets in each of the three experiments. Wet weight of mesenteric adipose tissue increased with increased amount of lipid in the diet; however, epaxial muscle lipid content was not influenced by the lipid content of the diet. Several hepatic and adipose tissue lipogenic enzymes (fatty acid synthetase, citrate cleavage enzyme, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase) were assayed. These lipogenic enzymes exhibited high activities in liver and relatively low concentration in adipose tissue of the fish. The activities of all the hepatic lipogenic enzymes assayed, except for NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, were depressed as the level of lipid in the diet was increased; however, the activities of these enzymes in mesenteric adipose tissue were not influenced by the diets fed. The results of this study indicate that dietary lipid depresses hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities and that the liver may be a more important site for fatty acid synthesis than is adipose tissue in coho salmon.

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase↗

PubMed2026

Impaired adaptation to smoke-derived phenolic compounds in Listeria monocytogenes CC204 from smoked salmon and trout.

Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen in ready-to-eat smoked fish products. This study evaluated whether clonal complex affiliation contributes to variability in growth responses to stresses representative of smoked salmon and trout processing. Ten strains were studied, including strains from CC121, CC26 and CC204, the three major clonal complexes reported in the French smoked salmon and trout sectors, together with the EGDe reference strain. Strains were exposed to salt, cold, smoke-derived phenolic compounds and combined stress conditions. Growth responses were compared with whole-genome-based phylogeny, and the impaired phenotype observed under phenolic exposure was further investigated using viable counts, live/dead microscopy and comparative genomics. Growth profiles were partly structured by clonal complex, with strains from the same clonal complex showing similar behaviour across stress conditions. Salt and cold reduced growth globally, while smoke-derived phenolic compounds were the most discriminating conditions. CC204 strains showed markedly lower growth rates under phenolic exposure than CC121, CC26 and EGDe. This phenotype was not associated with loss of cultivability or significant loss of membrane integrity. Comparative genomics did not identify a clear gene-content determinant explaining the CC204 phenotype. These results suggest that CC204 has an impaired adaptive response to smoke-derived compounds, likely involving regulatory or physiological mechanisms.

Listeria monocytogenes↗

PubMed2025

Large Haplotypes Linked to Climate and Life History Variation in Divergent Lineages of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).

Advances in sequencing are revealing that linked genomic architectures, enabling the evolution of co-adapted alleles at multiple loci, often shape complex phenotypes. Several recent studies have identified such architectures (e.g., chromosomal rearrangements and supergenes) contributing to adaptation or divergence across diverse species, from plants to mammals. Specifically, within Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ), genomic studies are revealing large haplotypes and structural variants that may underpin local adaptation in the species. Using data from > 4000 individuals from 134 locations spanning the North Atlantic Ocean, we identify a large (~3 Mbp) genomic region on Ssa18 showing patterns of differentiation and linkage disequilibrium (LD) indicative of a large haplotype block containing three divergent haplotypes (herein A, B and C haplotypes). In Europe, haplotypes A and B were common, whereas A and C were more common within North America, suggesting a shared 'ancestral' A haplotype, with different continent-specific alternative haplotypes. Data support independent origins of divergent haplotypes in each continent, as well as signals of trans-oceanic introgression of haplotypes. Haplotype frequency is strongly associated with latitude, climate and life history (smolt age); however, the strength and direction of these relationships vary across continents. Overall, our analyses were consistent with other studies that identify chromosomal rearrangements; however, long-read sequence data did not find evidence of a structural variant, and instead an ancestral fusion may explain the formation and maintenance of the observed haplotypes. Our study contributes to ongoing efforts to understand the evolutionary role of linked genomic architecture in Atlantic salmon and its significance in salmonid diversification.

Climate Change↗

PubMed1976

Does salmon calcitonin influence the motility of the human gastrointestinal tract? An electromanometric and endoscopic study.

The effect of salmon calcitonin--as a relatively high dose of 25 mug by single iv. injection--upon the basal and metoclopramide-stimulated motility phenomena of the stomach and proximal duodenum as well as upon the unstimulated colon and rectosigmoid was evaluated in 12 subjects without gastrointestinal disease by quantitative electromanometric measurements performed for one hour with the aid of fluid-filled micro-balloon-catheter-systems. Additionally, in 9 subjects the reaction of the cardia, stomach, pylorus and proximal duodenum upon the same dose of the hormone was observed endoscopically for 30 minutes. Under the conditions of our study there was no evidence to be obtained for any measurable or visible effect of salmon calcitonin upon the tonus and motility of the smooth muscle organs of the human gastrointestinal tract.

Animals↗

PubMed2025

Comparisons of Methods for Mucus Sampling and Mucin Semi-Quantification on Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Epithelial Sites.

Fish epithelial surfaces are covered by a mucus layer. The highly glycosylated proteins called mucins are a main component of the mucus, which also contains a range of antibacterial enzymes, proteins, and peptides of importance for its protective properties. Here, we compared the practicality and yield of mucus harvesting from barramundi and Atlantic salmon epithelial sites using glass slide, swab, Super·SAL™ and whole tissue extract. We also compared the feasibility of using the orcinol assay, a glycan-on-membrane assay, and absorbance at 230 nm in combination with standard curves of pig gastric mucin to estimate the mucin concentration. Glycomics demonstrated that non-amine hexose content differed more between fish and tissues than terminal monosaccharides with cis-hydroxy groups, and that non-mucin molecules had a major impact on the A230-based results, making the glycan-on-membrane assay the most versatile method for estimating mucin concentration. We conclude that the most versatile tool for mucus harvesting was swabs, allowing for sufficient amounts of sample to be harvested with relative ease and low levels of contamination from the oral cavity, gill, skin, and intestine. Furthermore, the glycan-on-membrane assay was useful for measuring mucus concentration, and it was beneficial to estimate both sample concentration and purity by comparing samples at relatively similar concentrations.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Thyrotoxicosis and hypercalcaemia: response to antithyroid drugs and salmon calcitonin.

Four patients with thyrotoxicosis, hypercalcaemia and metabolic bone disease are described. One of them had a 'hot nodule', T3 toxicosis and a parathyroid tumour and another had thin bones, subperiosteal cortical bone erosions and complete dysphagia. Hypercalcaemia persisted during treatment with antithyroid drugs in two patients, both of whom had hyperparathyroidism. The administration of salmon calcitonin to these two patients before starting antithyroid treatment produced an immediate and sustained fall in serum calcium and urinary hydroxyproline levels. Calcitonin administration should be of value in the early management of hypercalcaemic patients.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1979

A double-blind trial of synthetic salmon calcitonin in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

A multicenter randomized double-blind trial on the use of synthetic salmon calcitonin (SCT) was carried out in 94 patients with acute pancreatitis. In addition to strict standard treatment--without aprotinin, atropine, or antacids--50 patients received daily 3 x 20 micrograms = 300 MRCU SCT intravenously and 44 patients received placebo for 6 days. Mortality rate was not influenced, overall mortality being 5.3%. The number of patients without pain and with normalized serum amylase on a given day was significantly higher in the group treated with SCT. Other parameters such as doses of analgesics, leukocyte count, and normalization of seven defined clinical and laboratory criteria within 6 days showed a positive trend without reaching significance.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1976

[Treatment of Paget's disease with salmon thyrocalcitonin. Cooperative double-blind study].

Forty six patients suffering from Paget's disease in acute exacerbation were treated for three months with 80 u/day of synthetic salmon thyrocalcitonin. A control group of 36 patients received a placebo. A marked improvement in pain was seen in 60% of the treated patients and 15% of the placebo group (p less than 0.001). Functional impairment, when present, was also far more markedly decreased in the treated group (p less than 0.01). In comparison with the control group, the fall in hydroxyprolinuria and alkaline phosphatase levels was highly significant (p less than 0.001). This treatment is active against not only symptoms and signs, but also the biological criteria of activity of the disease. The side-effects of treatment consist above all of hot flashes (35% of cases) and nausea (24%). In only one case was it necessary to stop treatment because of intractable diarrhoea.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Pharmacokinetic study with synthetic salmon calcitonin (Sandoz).

18 patients randomly divided into 3 groups of six each received 35 mug (140 M.R.C. Units) of synthetic salmon calcitonin intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Plasma and urin concentrations were determined using the radioimmunoassay method. There was a rapid distribution phase of ca. 12 minutes after intravenous injection then an elimination half-life of 1.1 hours. The volume of distribution was 11 litres. The invasion half-life after intramuscular and subcutaneous administration was 12 and 11 minutes respectively and the elimination half-lives 1 and 1.5 hours, respectively. The bioavailability of the intramuscular and subcutaneous forms was found to be 66 and 71% respectively when areas under their plasma concentration/time curves were compared with the intravenous area.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Characterization of gill (Na + K)-activated adenosine triphosphatase from chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha.

(Na+K)-activated ATPase activity from gills of yearling spring chinook was examined using a new rapid assay method. Characterization of the enzyme activity was performed. Optimal activity was obtained at pH 7.2 in the presence of 240 mM NaCl, 120 mM KCl, 20 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM Na2ATP. Maximal inhibition of the enzyme was observed in the presence of 0.5 mM ouabain. Differential centrifugation indicated that 75% of the enzymatic activity was sedimented at 1000 x g. Only 8% of the activity was found in the microsomal pellet. Treatment with 0.1% sodium deoxycholate liberated activity from the 1000 x g pellet and elevated the activity. This treatment caused a loss of 20% of the original activity of the preparation. Statistical analysis of the sampling procedure for gill (Na+K)-activated ATPase activity indicated that there was small variation in the technique itself when compared to variation between the individual gill arches and between individual fish. Results indicate that for meaningful comparisons of groups of fish, the sampling of the gill arches must be standardized and a large number of individual fish must be sampled.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗

PubMed1978