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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of Salmonella infection in calves: the source of calfhood infection by Salmonella dublin.

Investigation of the source of neonatal Salmonella dublin infection of calves was undertaken by carrying out caesarean section of cows with a history of excretion of S dublin following either S dublin enteritis or S dublin abortion. No evidence of transplacental infection was detected but six of 10 animals showed evidence of excretion of the organism in the faeces, vaginal discharge or milk in the period immediately following parturition. The strong probability of early infection as a result of contamination of the environment is therefore suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Mitogenic stimulation of murine spleen cells: relation to susceptibility to Salmonella infection.

The screening of several inbred strains of mice suggested that the capacity of their spleen cells to respond to the mitogenic effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria was correlated with their resistance to intraperitoneal infection with Salmonella typhimurium. An infection of LPS into mice caused changes in the in vitro responsiveness of their spleen cells to the mitogenic effects of LPS and phytohemagglutinin. Pretreatment of mice with whole ultraviolet (UV)-killed bacteria led to a marked rise in the in vitro response of the spleen cells to UV-killed bacteria, but not to LPS or or phytohemagglutinin. This enhanced response to UV-killed bacteria was not specific for the O antigens of the bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A morphological study in germfree mice (Salmonella infection).

The morphological manifestation of the intestinal infections of Salmonella typhimurium by the intestine rolled method in both conventional DKI and germfree mice have been investigated in our laboratory. In the conventional mice, the morphological manifestation of intestinal infection shows no difference from the general features of infection, while in the germfree mice, the manifestation is characterized by the so-called non-reactive necrotizing enteritis without cellular reaction. When infection in the germfree mice occurs, some state of immunological insufficiency should be taken into consideration. In infections of germfree mice it is difficult to consider the immunological or the allergic reaction which is expected in the conventional mice. In addition, the direct influences of bacteria such as endotoxin must be taken into consideration as another possibility, but the very limited localized lesions, as seen in this experiment cannot always be suggested to be due to the direct influence of bacteria or intoxication. Though there are many problems to be solved in the future, we are now able to state a kind of mechanism similar to that of Shwartzman's phenomenon cannot be ignored in the infection in newborns or in immunologically immature animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Diagnosis of Salmonella infections: specificity of indirect immunofluorescence for rapid identification of Salmonella enteritidis and usefulness of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) method was used for diagnosis of infections caused by Salmonella enteritdis during an epidemic. Antiserum prepared against the synthetic disaccharide tyvelose 1 leads to alpha 3 D-mannose, representative of salmonella O antigen 9, covalently linked to bovine serum albumin, was used. Of 43 decal samples examined, 28 were positive for S. enteritidis by culture. IFL was applied (1) directly on fecal smears, (2) on enrichment broth cultures after incubation for 18-24 hr, and (3) on agar-grown colonies after incubation for 18-48 hr. The percentage of correctly identified Salmonella and the approximate gain of time for IFL as compared with conventional culture were 75% and 72 hr for (1), 89% and 48 hr for (2), and 100% and 24 hr for (3). Serum samples from 26 of the Salmonella-infected patients were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty-four (92%) of the 26 patients acquired elevated ELISA titers of antibody to lipopolysaccharide, representative of Salmonella serogroup D.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Dillon Beach Project--a five-year epidemiological study of naturally occurring salmonella infection in turkeys and their environment.

A 5-year epidemiological study of naturally occurring salmonella infection 2 basic strains of turkeys and their environment was completed. Multiple generations of these turkeys, free from salmonella infection, were raised on a new commercial breeding ranch (the Dillon Beach Ranch) in California during a 31/2-year period. Eight salmonella serotypes eventually gained access to the ranch. Egg transmission and prior contamination of the premises were ruled out as the source of these infections. The most likely means of their introduction was physical transport into the ranch by contaminated feed, personnel, and/or equipment. Several serotypes of salmonella were isolated from pelleted feed delivered to the ranch, demonstrating its role in introducing infection. The low isolation rate from feed samples and environmental samples taken from many buildings indicates the need for intensive sampling as a reliable indicator of infection. The most severe and consistently detected infection occurred in young birds grown in forced-air-ventilated buildings. A total of 17,858 bacteriological cultures representing about 102,756 environmental, feed, and bird samples, and 93,930 serological tests on 46,977 serum samples, were run during the study.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

[Nosology, epidemiology and bacteriological taxonomy: salmonella infections as an example (author's transl)].

Salmonella infections are discussed as an example of the interdependence of the classification of infectious diseases on the one hand and the taxonomy of bacteria on the other. The term paratyphoid was first created as a name for a disease but was later turned into a common name for the cause and then refined into a specific epitheton of a species of bacteria. It was difficult to create terms for pathology as long as a reliable differentiation of related species of bacteria was not possible, so both a typhoid and an enteric form of paratyphoid fever were referred to, superimposing the clinical differentiation of typhoid fevers and food poisoning (enteritis infectiosa). Epidemiology and bacteriology cannot expect their classifications to determine the classification of bacteria on the level of genus and subgenus, but systematic bacteriology should not conserve or create species and subspecies that are unnecessary for applied medical bacteriology. The needs of epidemiology usually require identification and determination of serovar, biovar and phagovar of the individual strain, but for pathology it is important to classify series of strains on the basis of certain combinations of serovars, biovars, and phagovars as special forms.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Salmonella infection in market swine, Trinidad and Tobago.

Salmonella organisms were isolated from samples of mesenteric lymph nodes taken from healthy market swine at an abattoir in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, on 36 different visits over a 12-month period. Of the 869 samples examined, 160, or 18,4%, were positive for Salmonella. A total of 19 serotypes were isolated of which S. agona was the most prevalent. The findings are compared with observations by other workers.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Incidence of salmonella infection in animals in England and Wales 1968--1974.

Of a total of 23,609 incidents of salmonella infection reported during the period 1968--74, 20,326 occurred in cattle, 1744 in poultry and other birds, 675 in sheep, 558 in pigs and 306 in other species of animals. Despite the large number of serotypes isolated (153), 88% of incidents were due to only two stereotypes: S. dublin (15,929 incidents of which 15,446 occurred in cattle ) and S. typhimurium (4842 incidents of which 3785 occurred in cattle and 732 in birds). S. choleraesuis was the third (314 incidents which with only 5 exceptions occurred in pigs) and S. abortusovis (243 incidents all in sheep) was the fourth most commonly isolated serotype. The following six serotypes were each recorded in more than 100 incidents: S. newport (177), S. agona (170), S. virchow (169), S. anatum (152), S. enteritidis (150) and S. montevideo (111). The other 143 serotypes accounted for only 5-8% of total incidents. The trends of annual incidence of salmonella infection in cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry and other birds during the 17-year period 1958-74 and the distribution of the main serotypes in the individual species of animals from 1968 to 1974 are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Salmonella infection in children. Epidemiological and clinical considerations (author's transl)].

An analysis of data on Salmonella infection treated at the Children's Hospital "La Fe", in Valencia, from 1974--75 is presentd. A patient population of 211 selected cases were divided into two groups: Gastroenteritis (GEC), 155 cases, and typhoid-paratyphoid fever (T-P F), 56 cases. Hospitalization was required in 79% of the cases. The following parameter were studied: Locality and district of origin with respect to residence, conditions of hygiene, size of family: age, sex, seasonal incidence, previous time of illness, presenting symptoms and physical sings and complementary studies. The following conclusions were obtained: Salmonella infection are and endemic problem in Valencia. Their incidence is maximal during the months of June to October. Epidemiological environment was positive in 15% of the cases. Higher morbidity in children less than two years of age. Most frequent presenting symptoms: Diarrhea, fever and vomiting as often in GEC as in T-P F. In 38.7% of GEC cases, the diarrhea was bloody; 21.9% of GEC cases began with fever. Salmonella paratyphi B was the agent most frequently responsible. Data concerning sex, family size, conditions of hygiene and white blood cells offer little discriminatory information. Results obtained are concordant with those described in the literature.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

Gentamicin in the treatment of Salmonella infections.

Changes in the ecology of Salmonella organisms impose the use of highly specific chemotherapeutic agents both in animals and in attempts ot combat salmonella typhi in man. An examination of inhibition achieved by the use of a number of antibiotics against strains isolated from 52 hospitalized patients in our clinic, over the past three years, has shown the majority of strains to be sensitive to gentamicin (78%), followed by nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol (44%) and other chemotherapeutic agents, including the combination of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim (28%) and ampicillin (11%).

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1977

Salmonella infection and the genitourinary system.

Six cases of severe salmonella genitourinary infection and a case of salmonella septicemia after prostatectomy are reported. The mechanism whereby the urinary tract is involved in salmonellosis is described, as are the different manifestations of genitourinary salmonellosis. Host factors predisposing to the development of genitourinary salmonella infection include other urologic pathology, malignant neoplasms and states of depressed immunity. Recommendations are made with regard to the diagnosis and management of this sometimes lethal condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Immunity to Salmonella infections.

The results of current investigations regarding the mechanisms of immunity to Salmonella infections and the use of vaccines are presented. Since chemical suppression of the humoral immune response in chickens does not jeopardise immunization with a live vaccine and immunized guinea-pigs exhibit distinct inhibition of macrophage migration, it is concluded that cellular immunity is a prominent factor in protection. Data is presented to show that the mice and calves can be equally well immunized with either live or inactivated S. typhimurium and S. dublin vaccines and the practical advantages of inactivated vaccines are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Observations on Salmonella infections of birds.

During the period 1961 to 1976, 29 species of Salmonella other than Salmonella pullorum were isolated from 180 accessions of birds examined at the Animal Research Institute, Yeerongpilly. These birds were submitted to the laboratory from flocks with disease or production problems. S. typhimurium was the most frequently isolated serotype being obtained from 63% of accessions. Outbreaks of systemic salmonellosis occurred most frequently in young birds and although pathological changes were most commonly observed in visceral organs they were also seen in eyes, joints and the brain. Diseases other than salmonellosis were identified in many accessions of birds with systemic or enteric salmonella infections.

Animals↗