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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Anti-streptopolysaccharide antibody in children with rheumatic fever and scarlet fever.

As the serological test of streptococcal infection, the measurement of anti-exotoxin antibodies such as ASO is widely practiced. M protein of the cell wall of group A streptococcus has type specificity. To detect the anti M protein antibody is very significant, but it is not easy to apply this to clinical practice because there are many types and because of the difficulty of purifying M protein. C polypeptide has group specificity, so the measurement of the antibody to C polypeptide is very important as the serological test of group A streptococcus.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comprehensive review of morbidity and mortality trends for rheumatic fever, streptococcal disease, and scarlet fever: the decline of rheumatic fever.

This review of the medical literature reveals that the incidence of rheumatic fever has been declining for at least 150 years, preceding by many decades the use of penicillin as a preventive measure. Simultaneously, the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease has diminished. Streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections remain common but with reduced severity and fewer subsequent cases of rheumatic fever. Scarlet fever has become relatively benign, with low mortality. Whether recent sporadic outbreaks of rheumatic fever due to known rheumatogenic strains of group A streptococci will have a significant effect on morbidity and mortality trends remains to be seen. Relatively high rates of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in developing countries are difficult to evaluate because of irregularities in reporting and investigative procedures.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibiotic prophylaxis of immediate and late complications of scarlet fever].

Patients with scarlet fever were followed by clinical and laboratory investigation (bacteriologic and immunologic reactions, etc.), in relation with the early application, and the duration of penicillin therapy. The patients were also followed for a period of 30 days after discharge from the hospital. The results show a decrease in the number of early and late complications, as well as a reduction in the number of carriers of beta-haemolytic streptococcus in those patients in whom penicillin treatment was applied early, and when it was prolonged in the recovery period. The clinical and statistical data stress the pathologic morphology of scarlet fever, and the restructuration of complications when penicillin treatment is applied.

Glomerulonephritis↗
PubMed1983

The incidence of scarlet fever.

This study attempted to find the incidence of scarlet fever in the Oxford region, including the proportion of patients from whom Streptococcus pyogenes could be isolated. General practitioners collected throat swabs from patients with suspected scarlet fever. The swabs were examined for viral and bacterial pathogens. Children admitted to hospital were used as controls. Twenty-five of 105 patients with suspected scarlet fever grew Str. pyogenes; M type 4 was the commonest type. The clinical diagnosis of scarlet fever was not always confirmed by throat culture. The annual incidence of scarlet fever was estimated to be 0.3 cases per 1000 per year.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Group C beta-hemolytic streptococci causing pharyngitis and scarlet fever.

After a young woman had scarlet fever associated with group C beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, we reviewed all cases of pharyngitis treated at a student health clinic during that semester. From 541 cases of pharyngitis, 34 cultures yielded group C Streptococcus. The patients who harbored group C organisms were similar to the patients with group A streptococcal pharyngitis in the presence of fever, exudate, and cervical adenopathy. The severity of symptoms and the demonstration of scarlet fever developing from infection with this organism supports antibiotic treatment of patients with group C streptococcal pharyngitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Staphylococcal enterotoxins in scarlet fever complicating chickenpox.

Two cases of scarlet fever are described, both following super-infection of chickenpox. Enterotoxin B and C producing staphylococci were the only pathogens identified. The role of staphylococcal and streptococcal toxins in the pathogenesis of scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome is discussed.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1992

[No connection between scarlet fever and gouty fever. Historical analysis from Ytre Nordhordland during 1862-1884].

In 1987 there was an unexplained increase in severe streptococcal diseases in Norway and other western countries. In Norway this increase was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in acute rheumatic fever. This study investigated the occurrence of scarlet fever and acute rheumatic fever in a rural district (approximately 15,000 inhabitants) of western Norway during the years 1862-1884. Four epidemics of severe scarlet fever occurred during this period. The local doctor treated 1,155 patients (96% children), of whom 154 (13.3%) died. Acute glomerulonephritis with subsequent kidney failure seems to have been a major cause of death. During the same period 76 patients (96% adults) were treated for acute rheumatic fever. These cases were not related to the severe epidemics of scarlet fever. It is probable that different, co-circulating strains of streptococci caused the infections, which were followed by glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. It is possible that rheumatic fever was caused by the strain that induced the more benign "Angina tonsillaris".

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1978

Findings of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains in scarlet fever.

From 48 out of 143 scarlet fever patients in the age range of 3-15 years, Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated in the course of hospitalization or convalescence (isolation rate 33.6%). Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) was produced by 19 (39.6%) of these isolates. The most frequent SE types detected were A (47.4%) and C (36.8%); type B was produced by 2 strains, type E by 1, while type D, or a combination of SE types, was not detected at all (by means of immunodiffusion in a micromodification). So far no significant correlation has been found between the clinical course of scarlet fever or accompanying complaints and presence of SE-positive S. aureus strains. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Surgical scarlet fever.

A case of surgical scarlet fever is described in a 57-year-old woman. Identification of beta-haemolytic streptococci and treatment with penicillin is essential to prevent spread of surgical scarlatina.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mucoproteinuria in complicated scarlet fever].

Mucoproteinuria, determined by Bugard's semiquantitative method, revealed values of 100-350 mg/24 h in common scarlet fever and of 300-882 mg/24 h in scarlet fever complicated by early nephritis, pseudorheumatism and acute diffuse glomerulonephritis. These alterations appear to lend support to the recent hypothesis concerning the mucoprotein substrate of the autoimmune mechanism in the complications of streptoccal infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[A dying clinical diagnosis of scarlet fever--the last sixteen years survey].

11,119 patients with scarlet fever admitted in the last sixteen years, from 1973 to 1988, to Sapporo City General Hospital, were studied statistically on symptoms and laboratory findings. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Annual number of patients have reduced suddenly since 1981, and become zero in 1989. The patients increased in number during the winter season. Eighty two percent of the cases were between 3 and 8 years of age, and the average age was 5.8 year-old. 2. Cases of above-38 degrees C temperature were seen in about 81.4%, and from 2 to 5 days-duration of temperature were seen in 86.6% of the patients in the year 1976. Cases of above-moderate rash were observed in 68.2%, sever redness of throat in 29.9%, strawberry tongue in 86.3% and angular stomatitis in 37.7% of the patients. In recent statistical analysis (1982-1988), we found, however, a tendency that patients having stronger symptoms were being introduced to our hospital. 3. The higher rates of cases showing elevated ASD titer were seen in the elder patients and in the winter. C-reactive protein (CRP) titers were mostly in the range of (-) to (greater than or equal to 6+), having 2.4 + on an average. 4. Patients who developed into overt nephritis were not seen. Cases of microscopic hematuria (greater than or equal to 3 red cells/f in urine sediments), however, were observed in 1.1% (125/11,119). Sever complications were hardly seen. 5. Reappearance of beta-hemolytic streptococci (on a week after discharge) were found in 3.1% (241/7,877). 6. Reinfection or relapse cases of scarlet fever were found in 6.7% (642/9,585).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Did scarlet fever and rheumatic fever exist in Hippocrates' time?

Case histories recorded by Hippocrates around 400 B.C. describe the clinical manifestations of scarlet fever and rheumatic fever, although the entities are not identified by name. Although the descriptions are not as detailed or complete as they would be today, they strongly suggest the existence of scarlet fever and rheumatic fever at that time. Hippocrates' references to these illnesses were presumably the first to be documented and/or discovered, as a thorough search of the worldwide medical literature revealed no prior descriptions.

Greece, Ancient↗