PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Science Council (Japan)”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The first six years at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Japan.

The National Institute for Longevity Sciences (NILS) of Japan opened on July 7, 1995, 15 years after the Science Council of Japan recommended the establishment of the National Center for Aging and Geriatric Illnesses (the provisional name for NILS) in 1980. During the first four years of operation, 8 separate research departments, containing 21 laboratories, were established. NILS has both research departments for biomedical sciences, such as dementia research, molecular genetics, and geriatric research, and also departments of gerontechnology and the care of the elderly, which engage in research directed toward the comprehensive improvement of the health and well- being of the elderly. On July 9, 1995, the day of the opening ceremonies, NILS employed only three staff members, including the director general. At the end of fiscal year 2000 (March 31, 2001), the institute comprised a staff of more than 200 people, including 30 senior science staff and about 50 junior scientists. The Japanese government has recently decided to expand NILS to double its present size by the end of fiscal year 2004 (March 2005).

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2001

A brief history of the Japan Society for Cell Biology.

The Japan Society for Cell Biology (JSCB) was first founded in 1950 as the Japan Society for Cellular Chemistry under the vigorous leadership of Seizo Katsunuma, in collaboration with Shigeyasu Amano and Satimaru Seno. The Society was provisionally named as above simply because cell biology had not yet been coined at that time in Japan, although in prospect and reality the Society was in fact for the purpose of pursuing cell biology. Later in 1964, the Society was properly renamed as the Japan Society for Cell Biology. After this renaming, the JSCB made great efforts to adapt itself to the rapid progress being made in cell biology. For this purpose the Society's constitution was created in 1966 and revised in 1969. According to the revised constitution, the President, Executive Committee and Councils were to be determined by ballot vote. The style of the annual meetings was gradually modified to incorporate general oral and poster presentations in addition to Symposia (1969-1974). The publication of annual periodicals in Japanese called Symposia of the Japan Society for Cellular Chemistry (1951-1967) and later Symposia of the Japan Society for Cell Biology (1968-1974) was replaced by a new international journal called Cell Structure and Function initiated in 1975. This reformation made it possible for the Society to participate in the Science Council of Japan in 1975 and finally in 1993 to acquire its own study section of Cell Biology with grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education and Science, Japan. The JSCB hosted the 3rd International Congress on Cell Biology (ICCB) in 1984 and the 3rd Asian-Pacific Organization for Cell Biology (APOCB) Congress in 1998, thus contributing to the international advancement of cell biology. Now the membership of JSCB stands at approximately 1,800 and the number of presentations per meeting is 300 to 400 annually. Although a good number of interesting and important findings in cell biology have been reported from Japan, the general academic activity of the JSCB is far less than one might expect. This is simply due the fact that academic activity in the field of cell biology in Japan is divided among several other related societies such as the Japan Society for Molecular Biology and the Japan Society for Developmental Biology, among others.

Biology↗
PubMed2005

Japan's ethical guidelines for epidemiologic research: a history of their development.

During the latter half of the 1990s, Japanese healthcare professionals and policy-makers recognized the value of an "evidence-based" approach. At the same time, an increased social awareness of the need to protect research participants and personal information began to appear. Recognition of an evidence-based approach further promoted epidemiologic research while regulations on personal information protection imposed certain limitations on this same research. In April 2000, as a solution to this conflict, a working group funded by Japan's Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW; currently the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: MHLW) proposed a first draft of ethical guidelines for epidemiologic research. Over the next two years, the collection of domestic and foreign data by working groups and governmental ad hoc committees, questions raised by the mass media, and public statements made by organizations, such as the Science Council of Japan and the Japan Epidemiologic Association (JEA), led to a collaborative effort between the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the MHLW. This effort led to the creation of the Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiologic Research in June 2002, which was revised in 2004. Furthermore, JEA also announced the Ethical Guidelines for Conducting of Epidemiologic Research in October 2002. While the development of these ethical guidelines has been a challenge for Japanese epidemiologists, it has also allowed the epidemiologic community to understand their role in society. This review aims to provide insight into the interaction between the epidemiologic community and society by assessing historically the developmental process of these ethical guidelines.

Epidemiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

End-of-life care and advance directives in Japan.

This paper examines the ethical issues concerning Advance Directives (ADs) and surveys the current Japanese situation. ADs were devised as a means of expressing the refusal to live in deep unconsciousness. This is validated as the patient's self-determined right to end his/her life in America. This trend affects Japan as well, where the move toward legislation for ADs is seen at present. Many Japanese people think that ADs should be respected because wishes in advance comprise the patient's autonomous decision concerning life-sustaining treatment and death with dignity. However, there are some ethical issues with ADs. The situation surrounding ADs is very uncertain. We cannot prove that a wish in deep unconsciousness and wish in advance are the same. In addition, medical prognoses are not always right. Such uncertainty gives rise to the ethical issue of consistency of advance autonomous decisions. It appears that many people are not aware of the ethical issues, and that there is little public discussion on ADs. Therefore, this paper explores why the Japanese have not argued the ethical issues concerning ADs. Finally, I speculate on the major problems and asks of ADs, and provide materials for the future examination of ADs.

Advance Directives↗
PubMed2004

[A message for young child neurologists: a lesson from the Nobel Prize centennial].

The Nobel Prize was created in 1901, according to the will of Alfred Nobel who left tremendous estate by inventing of dynamite. In the fields of natural science, prizes are given to distinguished scientists in three categories, namely physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine. During the past 100 years, the Nobel Prize have become undoubtedly the most prestigious international prize. Nobel laureates are always the most respected scientists in the world. There have been 478 recipients in the three categories, 177 of them belonging to physiology or medicine. In March 2002, an international forum commemorating the centennial of the Nobel Prize was held in Tokyo and Kyoto under the auspices of the Science Council of Japan, focusing upon creativity. Guest speakers including prize winners, officers of the Nobel Foundation, and members of the Nobel Committee participated actively. In particular, Japanese laureates, including Drs. Ezaki, Tonegawa, Shirakawa and Noyori met together at the Symposium, and discussed what is creativity and how it is nurtured? At about the same time the Centennial Exhibition of the Nobel Prize was held in the National Science Museum in Tokyo. From these two commemorative events, informative messages were extracted and given to young colleagues of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Human genome efforts in Japan.

Some project-oriented biosciences have been promoted cooperatively by three governmental agencies in Japan: the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the Science and Technology Agency. All three agencies have increased their budgetary requests for human genome analyses for FY 1991. The Panel on Life Sciences (chaired by Dr. W. Mori, former president of the University of Tokyo) of the Science and Technology Council of Japan which is chaired by the Prime Minister has decided to organize a working group to suggest how best to coordinate efforts in human genome analyses in Japan. The genome project was initially promoted by the Science and Technology Agency through a program for the design and construction of automated machines for DNA sequencing. Work is ongoing at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research to integrate, by system engineering, instruments that can separate DNA fragments, perform plaque selection, carry out dideoxy reaction, and read the resulting DNA sequence. However, scientists now realize the enormity of the tasks of compiling DNA sequence data and of mapping the genes and fragments obtained, and efforts are being made to solve these problems. Academic societies have organized symposia to promote general interest in this subject. The most important way for Japan to contribute to research on human genome analyses, however, may be in the evaluation of supporting mechanisms (technical assistance and research resources) and in the recognition and preparation of the transition of biology to a big science approach.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Influencing science policy in Japan.

The administrative structure for the funding of science and technology in Japan is now going through a marked change. The newly formed Council for Science and Technology Policy (CSTP) has been given great powers - but how, in particular, is the funding policy being addressed by the new administrative structure, and how can scientists influence science policy in Japan?

Financing, Organized↗