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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Chronic pernicious course in multiple sclerosis with involvement of the optic nerves and total spinal sclerosis (diffuse spinal sclerosis) (author's transl)].

Four cases with the clinical diagnosis of chronic MS are presented, which, histologically, show large solitary demyelinated and gliotic areas involving almost the entire spinal cord over 12-25 segments as well as the optic chiasm. The abortive form of the neuromyelitis optical syndrome in MS is discussed. The additional involvement of the cerebral hemispheres suggests that the clinical and histological picture described is related to Schilder's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cellular hypersensitivity in attacks of multiple sclerosis. I. A comparative study of migration inhibitory factor production and lymphoblastic transformation in response to myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis.

Although cell-mediated hypersensitivity to basic myelin protein has been demonstrated in multiple sclerosis with use of cell migration assays, results with the lymphoblastic transformation technique have been inconclusive. However, prospective studies relating results of lymphoblastic transformation to the clinical course of multiple sclerosis have not been reported. In the present study, both lymphoblastic transformation and migration inhibitory factor assays were used, and results related to the temporal course of multiple sclerosis. Results of the present investigation show that cell-mediated hypersensitivity to myelin basic A1 protein is most significant during exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. Responses obtained employing either the lymphoblastic transformation or migration inhibitory factor assay were equally significant. The results support the hypothesis that a factor suppressing deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis is present in multiple sclerosis and is inhibited by the use of steroids.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1978

Antibody response to arboviruses. Absence of increased response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis.

Complement fixation and hemagglutination imhibition tests were conducted on the serums of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis using a variety of arboviral antigens. Seventy-eight complement fixation and 15 hemagglutination-inhibition viral antigens were used representing togaviruses, orbiviruses, rhadoviruses, bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, and several ungrouped agents. The serological results did not indicate any relationship between these viruses and either amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or multiple sclerosis.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1975

In vitro cellular responsiveness in multiple sclerosis patients to a viral isolate from multiple sclerosis brain tissue and to other antigens.

The Clausen modification of the leukocyte migration test was used to test patients with multiple sclerosis, normal subjects, and patients with other neurologic diseases for cell-mediated immunity to 6/94 virus (a parainfluenza virus previously isolated from the brain tissue of a multiple sclerosis patient), c-RNA virus isolated from a tumor, and the nonviral antigens Candida and purified protein derivative. Leukocytes of multiple sclerosis patient showed significantly less mean inhibition of migration by the 6/94 virus (but not by the c-RNA virus, purified protein derivative, and Candida) than did the cells of normal controls and patients with other neurologic diseases. The relationship of these findings to previous observations in this area and to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is discussed.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1977

[Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Antibody dependent cytotoxicity of lymphocytes against myelin basic proteins in multiple sclerosis].

In 79 of 100 patients with multiple sclerosis, serum antibodies of the IgG type were demonstrated which render normal lymphocytes cytotoxic against basic protein of myelin. In 11 cerebrospinal fluids which were tested the antibody was also found. The method used was the release of 51Cr from chicken erythrocytes coated with antigen. The antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity is related to the degree of activity of the disease and not to the evolution of the disease or its course. As the disease worsens, the frequency of positive reactions is higher than in inactive stages. The immunological reaction is very specific for multiple sclerosis, in patients with other neurological disorders only 5% had positive findings. The antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of lymphocytes against basic protein of myelin may be attributed with a certain diagnostic significance. The reaction seems suitable for the supervision of the course of multiple sclerosis and to check the effect of therapeutic measures. The antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity against basic protein of myelin is considered to be significant in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1978

[Thymus-dependent lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

A study of the rosetteforming possibilities of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with disseminated sclerosis and lateral amyotrophical sclerosis detected a significant deficit of a subpopulation of T-cells, which form the most active rosettes of the morula type. Besides, in patients with disseminated sclerosis the relative amount of rosetteforming lymphocytes in the peripheral blood is significantly lower.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Electroencephalographic studies in multiple sclerosis. Specific changes in benign multiple sclerosis.

EEG changes were analysed in a group of 260 patients with definite multiple sclerosis, 156 women and 104 men, average age 38.8, at different stages of the disease. Among 103 patients with an evolution up to 5 years, 34% had significantly abnormal EEG'S while in 157 patients with an evolution from 5 to 45 years abnormal records were obtained in 47.8%. The larger group showed EEG differences between benign (66 patients), malignant (23 patients) and moderate courses (68 patients) patients. The frequency of abnormal and doubtful EEGs was highest in the benign group (80.4%) and largest in the malignant group (24.1%). The main characteristic in malignant multiple sclerosis in the steadily progressive stage was a flat EEG. There was also a significant correlation between a flat EEG and intellectual deficit. In benign multiple sclerosis the dominant activities were slow (6-10 c/sec) and high voltage (80-180 muV) alpha-theta rhythms spreading all over the cortex, usually associated with "centrencephalic" discharges. A self-limiting effect of lesions around the 3rd ventricle on auto-agressive immunological processes is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Aberrant CSF protein fractions found by electrofocusing in multiple sclerosis. A study of 26 cases with clinically verified or probable multiple sclerosis and 2 cases with optic neuritis.

The CSF gamma-globulin patterns found by electrofocusing in multiple sclerosis can be classified into five (a-e) mean patterns, where the individual bands lie very close together. However, in some patients with verified or probable multiple sclerosis conspicuous bands are found. The electrofocusing patterns from 28 such cases were compared with those reported by Kjellin and Vesterberg and with 20 cases of verified multiple sclerosis collected by chance. Differences were found with regard to the frequency of the different mean patterns, the occurrence of a double fraction in region '5', a single fraction in region '7' and a highly alkaline fraction. The electrofocusing findings have been compared with the clinical data of the 28 patients. There seems to be some correlation between the patterns of conspicuous bands and the duration and course of the disorder as well as probable sites of the CNS lesions. No indication was found, that either a high CSF gamma-globulin value and/or in a high degree of barrier damage was a prerequisite for the occurrence of conspicuous bands in the CSF gamma-globulin region. The aberrant electrofocusing patterns might be genetically determined or caused by some unusual agents (possible viral) or autoimmune reactions, modified by other than gentically divergent factors.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins↗
PubMed1977

Jejunal immunopathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Identification of viral antigens by immunofluorescence.

Jejunal mucosa from 7 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (A.L.S.), 20 newly reported patients with multiple sclerosis (M.S.), and 35 control patients without either disease was studied by immunofluorescence. An immune reaction was present in all A.L.S. specimens and consisted of altered ratios of immunoglobulin-labelled cells in the lamina propria, complement-labelled cells in the same location, and, in some, immunoglobulin and complement deposits in the epithelial basement membrane. Poliovirus antigen was detected in 4 cases, and in 1 of the these cases measles antigen was also present. A fifth specimen showed large amounts of herpesvirus antigen. In 2 cases studied at necropsy, both viral infection and immunological change was confined to the proximal jejunum. Measles antigen was identified in every case of M.S., and in biopsy specimens from 16 of the 20 M.S. patients immunological reactions similar to those seen in A.L.S. were present. With 2 exceptions, the controls did not show these changes in the jejunal mucosa. The exceptions were a patient with Friedreich's ataxia, who had an increase of IgG-labelled cells and some complement-bearing cells in the lamina propria, and a patient diagnosed as having non-tropical sprue, in whom large quantities of herpes antigen were seen.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1979

Effect of birthplace on the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. A study among Finnish war evacuees.

After World War II the southeastern part of Finland was ceded to the Soviet Union and its entire population evacuated to other areas of the country. The prevalences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) were studied among the evacuees and compared to the corresponding data among the nonevacuated population. The prevalence of ALS among the war evacuees was two times higher than among the nonevacuated population (18.0 and 8.8 per 100,000, respectively). The prevalence of MS among the evacuees was only half of that found among the nonevacuated population, 38.3 and 73.0 per 100,000, respectively. The findings for ALS indicate that birthplace may have an effect on the later development of the disease and that there may have existed some environmental factor(s) which have made the evacuees more liable to contract the disease later in their lives. The low figure of MS for evacuees supports our previous results of an uneven geographic distribution of MS in Finland with the high-risk areas in the western and southwestern parts of the country. No accumulation of MS was found among the evacuees living in the high-risk areas.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1977

[Serum antibodies to cytoplasmic antigens of the human brain in patients with multiple sclerosis and amyotropic lateral sclerosis].

In order to eliminate antibodies to water soluble proteins of the human brain which were preliminary divided into 10 fractions of DEAE-cellulose, the authors studied the serum of 30 patients with disseminated sclerosis and 30 patients with lateral amyotrophical sclerosis and determined their antithymic serum activity. The antibides were detected only to protein fractions 1,2 and 10. There was a tendency towards a more frequent detection of antibodies with an increase of the severity of the disease. It was not possible to determine antibodies with an increase of the severity of the disease. It was not possible to determine any correlation between the amount of antibodies and such clinical indices as the degree of severity, duration, form of the disorder, age and sex of the patients. The cytotoxic index of the patients was significantly higher than that in normals. The authors also found a correlation between the antibodies in the serum cytoplasmatic brain proteins and antithymic activity of the same sera.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Biochemical findings in multiple sclerosis IV. Isoelectric focusing of the CSF gamma globulins in multiple sclerosis (262 cases) and other neurological diseases (272 cases).

Despite enormous efforts to find a specific laboratory test for multiple sclerosis, agar gel electrophoresis of the CSF proteins has remained the next to the best one. This study presents evidence that thin layer polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing of the CSF gamma globulins is by far superior for this purpose. In effect, about 91% of the 262 multiple sclerosis patients studied had oligoclonal fractions present in the very alkaline region of the pH gradient. Of the same group of patients only 65% did show pathological results when studied by agar gel electrophoresis. Of the 272 CSF samples from patients suffering from other neurological diseases, only about 7% showed the presence of oligoclonal bands in the same region of the pH gradient, when submitted to isoelectric focusing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Attempts to reproduce amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in laboratory animals by inoculation of Schu virus isolated from a patient with apparent amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

A virus isolated from the CSF of a patient who had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for 7 years, and prolonged pleocytosis in the CSF, was adapted to suckling mouse brain by subsequent serial blind passages. This Schu virus belongs to the tick-borne encephalitis complex of the genus Flavivirus (Togaviridae). Suckling mouse brain homogenate of the 13th passage was used for transmission experiments in various species of laboratory animals. Golden hamsters infected subcutaneously fell ill after a number of months, lost weight, and had paresis of the legs. Histologically they had petechial hemorrhages in different parts of the CNS and inflammatory changes in the gray substance of the spinal cord. Pilot studies with repeated inoculations of small doses of different flavivirus strains suggest a course of the disease in experimental animals which resembles slow-virus infections insofar as no encephalitis is produced and degenerative changes of the anterior horn cells prevail over inflammatory signs in the spinal cord. After intracerebral application of Schu virus, cynomolgus monkeys developed the typical lesions of togavirus panencephalitis with epileptic seizures, ataxia, and paresis. After subcutaneous application, the virus seems to spread along peripheral nerves to anterior spinal roots and spinal cord, where mainly motor neurons of the anterior horn are damaged, and from there to the brain. The histological findings are such that one may assume the disease of the patient was due to the infection with the virus isolated from his CSF. Therefore, the hypothesis may be advanced that at least some of the cases diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are due to a togavirus infection.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1978

Multiple sclerosis: demyelination and myelination inhibition of organotypic tissue cultures of the spinal cord by sera of patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases.

Sera from 44 patients with Multiple Sclerosis, of three patients with neurological syndromes compatible with Multiple Sclerosis, of 34 patients suffering from other neurological diseases and of 25 pregnant healthy young women were tested for their demyelinating activity in myelinated tissue cultures. In order to leave the investigators unprejudiced, all sera were coded and intermixed with controls of rabbit EAE serum which had a potent demyelinating capacity. Demyelination was graded (from 0--4), heat lability at 56 degrees C (complement dependency?) was also tested with each serum. Only demyelination of a degree of 2 and more, which was abolished by heating to 56 degrees C, was counted as positive. Six of the 44 sera from MS patients (13.6%), 19 of 37 sera from neurological patients and none of the healthy young women demyelinated. Thus, serum demyelination of tissue cultures seems to be a nonspecific indicator of chronic disease of the nervous system and is of considerable general neurological interest, but does not indicate a demyelinating disease. Myelination inhibition was not observed with any of the human sera tested for it.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Multiple sclerosis associated agent (MSAA): failure to confirm an association with multiple sclerosis.

Recent reports indicate that a multiple sclerosis agent (MSAA) has been isolated. This agent was detected in mice by a depression in the percentage of mouse polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). We attempted to repeat these studies using coded specimens. The test, itself, was extremely variable and difficult to reproduce. In the first study, three of three multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and one of two control patients' specimens showed some PMN depression. In a repeat study of these same samples, one of three MS patients and one of two controls were associated with PMN depression. With a second set of coded specimens, one of four MS patients, one of three patients with neurologic diseases, and none of three controls showed PMN depression. We were unable to confirm the presence of MSAA and conclude that the results were random.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Biochemical findings in multiple sclerosis. V. Transformation of lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis by human basic protein.

Lymphocyte stimulation tests with human basic protein of myelin were performed on patients with multiple sclerosis, with other neurological diseases and on normal subjects. In both MS and OND group, a hypersensitization to basic protein was seen in about one third of the cases. All normal subjects, except one, had negative responses. In the MS group, a positive correlation could be found with some features of the disease: significantly more positive responses were found in independent patients with a short duration of illness and in those with an oligoclonal distribution in the CSF. The authors compare their results with those of the literature. The possible role of BP in pathogeny of MS and OND is discussed.

Histocytochemistry↗
PubMed1976

Biochemical findings in multiple sclerosis. III. Immunoglobulins of restricted heterogeneity and light chain distribution in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Several biochemical parameters, the most important of which are total IgG, kappa and lambda light chain distribution and thin layer isoelectric focusing, were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid of 36 multiple sclerosis patients. Their ages and the evolution period of their disease are widely spread and no sex differentiation was made.

Adult↗