Auditory screening--time for reappraisal.
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Audiometry↗
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Results for “Screen Time”
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Genome-wide analysis of screen behaviors among adolescents identifies novel loci and overlap with educational attainment and mental disorders.
Technological devices play a central role in adolescents' life. Despite concerns about negative effects of excessive screen time, there is little knowledge of screen behaviors' genetic architecture. Using self-reports from adolescents in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (n = 18,490), we performed genome-wide association analysis for four screen behaviors: time spent (1) watching television; (2) gaming; (3) sitting/lying down with a screen device; and (4) using social media. The resulting summary statistics were analysed using the conditional false discovery rate (condFDR) approach to increase genetic discovery. We also estimated SNP-heritabilities of the screen behaviors and genetic correlations with eight psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, cannabis use disorder and alcohol use disorder), and educational attainment. Screen behaviors displayed significant SNP-heritabilities (0.048-0.12). We observed significant genetic correlations between screen behaviors and psychiatric disorders (rg range: 0.21-0.42). Educational attainment demonstrated negative genetic correlation with screen behaviors, most strongly with social media use (rg = - 0.69). CondFDR analysis identified three novel loci associated with social media use. Thus, we show that screen behaviors are heritable, polygenic traits that partly share genetic signal with mental disorders and educational attainment.
Humans↗
The post-aspirin bleeding time: a screening test for evaluating haemostatic disorders.
To evaluate the usefulness of the template bleeding time post-aspiring ingestion, this test was performed with other tests of haemostasis in 28 controls and 71 patients. The mean bleeding time (B.T.) in 24/28 true controls was 3.5 +/- 1 min (1 SD). Following the ingestion of 600 mg aspirin the B.T. was 6.3 +/- 1.4 min. Four out of 28 false 'controls' with negative bleeding histories were documented to have asymptomatic von Willebrand's disease and abnormal post-aspirin B.T. Of the 71 patients studied, 22 had initial B.T. that were abnormal (16 with classical von Willebrand's disease and six with platelet dysfunction). Of the remaining 49 patients with initially normal B.T., 30 had abnormal post-aspirin B.T. Of these 30 patients 13 had von Willebrand's disease. In eight, initially the abnormal B.T. post-aspirin was the only abnormality demonstrable but later they were shown to have von Willebrand's disease. In four the abnormal post-aspirin B.T. was combined with abnormal Ristocetin aggregations and a positive family history. These patients were presumed to have a variant of von Willebrand's disease. The remaining five had platelet dysfunctional states. Of the 19 patients with normal initial post-aspirin B.T., 16 demonstrated no haemostatic abnormality, and three were proven to have von Willebrand's disease. The aspirin tolerance test raised the sensitivity of the B.T. as a screening test for haemostasis from 40% to 94% in the abnormal patient population.
Adolescent↗
Reassessing the Association of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity with Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study.
PURPOSE: Findings from previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies disagreed with the current scientific consensus regarding the role of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in ischemic stroke (IS). We reassessed these associations with a focus on etiological subtypes of IS and the potential mediating roles of cardiometabolic traits and brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs). METHODS: We performed MR analyses using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of sedentary behavior and PA ( n = 88,411 ~ 608,595), cardiometabolic traits ( n = 393,193 ~ 694,649), brain IDPs ( n = 33,224), and the latest IS data (62,100 cases and 1,234,808 controls). Inverse-variance weighted regression was used as the primary method, complemented by several sensitivity analyses. A two-step MR approach was employed to assess the mediating effects of cardiometabolic traits and brain IDPs. RESULTS: Genetic liability to leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and higher overall PA (OPA) were associated with reduced risks of IS and small vessel stroke (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P < 0.05). Suggestive associations were observed between longer leisure-screen time and higher IS risk and between higher OPA and lower cardioembolic stroke risk ( P < 0.05). The isotropic volume fraction in the anterior limb of the left internal capsule, as well as some cardiometabolic metrics, partially mediated these associations. There was no evidence for causal effects of overall MVPA, overall light-intensity PA, or overall sedentary duration on IS. CONCLUSIONS: Longer leisure screen time, less OPA, and not engaging in MVPA during leisure time were associated with higher risk of IS. The associations between PA and IS depended on different subtypes and were mediated by changes in anterior limb of the left internal capsule and cardiometabolic biomarkers.
Humans↗
Partial thromboplastin time for screening.
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Aged↗
Association of media use with sleep of children and adolescents: an umbrella review.
Adequate sleep is essential for child and adolescent development, driving extensive research across scientific disciplines. This umbrella review provides a comprehensive overview of existing evidence on media consumption and sleep and thereby lays the foundation for identifying key concepts and gaps. An inclusive systematic search for reviews reporting literature searches was conducted in 02/2021 and updated last in 09/2024. Methodological quality of the included reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-2. We included 84 reviews reporting on the association between media use and sleep in individuals aged 0-18 years. The field is dominated by reviews of low methodological quality, mainly including original cross-sectional studies with subjective measures in older children and adolescents. A total of 475 original articles were covered by the reviews; only 10 of them appeared in at least seven and at most nine reviews. Screen time generally had a negative impact on sleep, though evidence varied from very low to strong. Evidence for effects of conventional books on sleep remains inconclusive. High quality systematic reviews are needed to evaluate robust studies using objective measures of sleep and contemporary media use across all age groups up to adolescence and to explore the impact of non-digital media use on sleep, considering age and gender differences.
Humans↗
A microcomputer-directed mass spectrometer as a compound-selective detector for gas chromatography.
Determination and quantitation by mass spectrometry can be difficult for compounds in complex biological mixtures where chromatographic interferences are frequently encountered. A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric system is described which utilizes reverse spectral search and retention time screening to provide a high degree of compound specificity. Computer control of instrument operation, and of data acquisition, analysis and printout allows technologist operators to obtain highly reliable, precise quantitative results using relatively crude sample preparation procedures and short chromatographic times.
Anticonvulsants↗
Causal relationships between somatic movement, brain structures, and mental well-being: A multi-stage Mendelian randomization study.
BACKGROUND: While the relationships between somatic movement, mental well-being, and brain health have been well established, the causal nature and underlying mechanisms of such associations remain incompletely understood. METHODS: By applying multi-stage Mendelian randomization to multi-source summary data derived from genome-wide association studies, we examined the causal effects of 4 somatic movement measures on 2 mental well-being indices and 13 types of brain structures, followed by testing the mediating roles of brain structures in accounting for the causal associations between somatic movement and mental well-being. RESULTS: Two-sample Mendelian randomization revealed that more physical activity was causally associated with greater mental well-being (life satisfaction and positive affect), while more sedentary behavior (longer leisure screen time and more sedentary behavior at work) with lower mental well-being. With respect to brain structures, sedentary behavior was causally linked to decreased volume, surface area, and local gyrification index in distributed cortical regions. Remarkably, decreased surface area of the piriform cortex was found to mediate the causal associations between sedentary behavior and lower mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings not only complement and extend earlier reports on the associations of somatic movement with mental well-being and brain health by further resolving the causality but also help elucidate the neural mechanisms by which sedentary behavior adversely affects mental well-being.
Humans↗
[The technique and success rate of transfemoral cerebral angiography].
Amongst 434 transfemoral cerebral catheter angiograms a success rate of 98.16% was achieved. The catheters and manipulations required for successful catheterisation are described. In view of the screening time required, a comparison with needle angiography was made. It was found that catheter angiography was better in all cases in which several cerebral arteries had to be demonstrated.
Adolescent↗
Excretion of myoglobin in urine after cardiac catheterisation.
Myoglobin levels were assayed in each urine specimen voided during 12 hours before and 48 hours after routine cardiac catheterisation in 146 patients using an indirect haemagglutination method detecting concentrations in excess of 0.015 mg/ml. Myoglobinuria was found in only one patient before but in 39 patients after cardiac catheterisation (27%), either in the first (34 patients) or the second (5 patients) post-catheterisation urine sample. Once detected, myoglobin was present in all subsequent urine specimens for the next 3 to 22 hours (mean 11.8 hours). The mean amount excreted +/- SE was 14.0 +/- 1.6 mg (range 2.6 to 30 mg) excluding the one patient with myoglobinuria before catheterisation. This patient, who had severe aortic stenosis and atherosclerotic heart disease, excreted 130 mg myoglobin. Patients with myoglobinuria required longer screening time to complete the procedures undertaken than those in whom myoglobin was not detected--15.6 +/- 1.4 and 11.1 +/- 0.6 minutes, respectively (mean +/- SE:P less than 0.01). We conclude that myoglobinuria is not uncommon after cardiac catheterisation, and that though the myoglobin detected may be released from skeletal muscle, it could be partly or wholly of cardiac origin and indicate transient, and presumably reversible, myocardial injury.
Cardiac Catheterization↗
[Radiographic examinations of the colon -- results of 2400 double contrast enemas (author's transl)].
A technique for the double contrast method was described which was used in our radiology institute on 2400 patients. It takes into account economic factors (amount of film used) as well as the lowest possible radiation exposure (mean screening time: 6.4 minutes). Typical lesions from malignant processes in the colon were illustrated. Today, radiographic examination of the colon should be conducted only with the double contrast method. This rule need not be followed in acute cases, e.g., an ileus produced by a tumor. The examining techniques must be adapted to the individual case. Today, the single contrast technique should be used only in such special cases.
Colon↗
RESTRICT-seq enables time-gated CRISPR screens and uncovers novel epigenetic dependencies of SCC resistance.
Cancer cell evasion of therapy is a highly adaptive process that undermines the efficacy of many treatment strategies. A significant milestone in the study of these mechanisms has been the advent of pooled CRISPR knockout screens, which enable high-throughput, genome-wide interrogations of tumor dependencies and synthetic lethal interactions, advancing our understanding of how cancer cells adapt to and evade therapies. However, the utility of this approach diminishes when applied to dynamic biological contexts, where processes are transient and sensitivity to routine cell culture manipulations that introduce noise and limit meaningful discoveries. To overcome these limitations, we present RESTRICT-seq, a next-generation pooled screening methodology that restricts Cas9 nuclear activation in controlled, repeated cycles. By confining Cas9 catalytic activity to strict temporal windows, RESTRICT-seq mitigates undesired fitness penalties that routinely accumulate throughout pooled screens. When benchmarked against conventional pooled screens and standard inducible protocols, RESTRICT-seq revealed significantly fewer divergent cell clones and increased signal-to-noise ratio, overcoming a key limitation of traditional methods. Leveraging RESTRICT-seq, we conducted a comprehensive functional survey of the druggable mammalian epigenome, uncovering several elusive epigenetic drivers of treatment resistance in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). This revealed PAK1 as a previously unrecognized mediator of cSCC resistance in human and mouse SCC, offering new insights into a prognostic marker and therapeutic target of high clinical significance. Our findings establish RESTRICT-seq as a powerful tool for extending the applicability of pooled CRISPR screens to dynamic and previously intractable biological contexts.
Allosterically-regulated Cas9 (arCas9)↗
Partial thromboplastin time as a screening test.
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Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
A rapid screening test for reduced fibrinolytic activity of plasma: streptokinase activated lysis time.
A simple screening method for determining the fibrinolytic activity of plasma is described. A streptokinase activated system is used, which measures the result of the interplay of all components of the fibrinolytic system with the exception of activators, which are added in excess. Mean lysis time and standard deviation with this method is 6.9 +/- 1.4 min. The sensitivity of the method in detecting minor delays in clot lysis time is demonstrated.
Blood Coagulation Tests↗
[Coagulation screening: P-APT-time (APTT) -- new reagents, improved method?].
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Adult↗
Screening for neurofibromatosis type 1-related optic pathway gliomas: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis-type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder characterized by developing optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) in 15%-20% of patients with higher estimates where consanguinity is prevalent. Clinically, NF1-OPG might be unpredictable with the risk of OPG progression and visual impairment. The optimal time for screening is controversial. We aim to identify the mean/median age at diagnosis of NF1-OPG and its clinical spectrum. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted for English-language publications from January 1993 to October 2025, exploring the visual screening of OPGs in NF1 patients, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD420251036244). Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting the age at OPG diagnosis and visual manifestations in NF1 patients. Data were extracted on demographics, age at NF1 and OPG diagnosis, tumour location (using the Dodge classification), and presenting symptoms. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Among 4 739 NF1 patients, 818 had OPGs, with prevalence ranging from 4.2% to 46.7%. The age at NF1 diagnosis ranged from 0 to 132 months (mean: 18-38 months), and at OPG diagnosis from 0-240 months (median: 29-58 months). Approximately 58.4% of OPGs were asymptomatic, and 25% were above the age of 5 years. Among symptomatic patients, the most frequent presentations included decreased visual acuity (62%), abnormal optic disc (45%), proptosis (20%), strabismus (12%), and visual field defects (7%). CONCLUSIONS: NF1-related OPGs typically present early within 6 years of age. Early ophthalmologic and/or radiologic screening at the time of NF1 diagnosis enhances the detection of silent OPGs.
Humans↗
[1st real-time ultrasonic scanner with computer control, automatic screen with digital manipulation].
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Time↗
Towards time-resolved MicroED grid preparation using mix-and-inject gas dynamic virtual nozzles.
Recent progress in gas dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) technologies in combination with high-brilliance synchrotron and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has allowed the visualization of protein dynamics in crystallo by mixing macromolecular protein crystals with a substrate using tunable mixing times on the order of milliseconds to seconds prior to serial X-ray diffraction data collection. This has become the method of choice for high-resolution structure determination of intermediate states. However, such experiments require large counts of crystals of proper sizes for high-resolution data collection, and premium beam times for screening efforts. Cryogenic microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) represents a complementary technique that may be a more accessible avenue for time-resolved nanocrystallography compared with serial X-ray diffraction experiments. MicroED can produce full diffraction datasets from just a few submicrometre-thick crystals, and the approach is more readily accessible, requiring standard cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipment available at many universities and institutes. Cryogenic MicroED, like other forms of cryo-EM, begins with rapidly freezing biological material on electron microscopy grids. In the case of MicroED, micro- to nano-crystals (<500 nm thick) are deposited onto electron microscopy grids and plunge-frozen for subsequent electron diffraction data collection. Here, we have incorporated GDVN technology developed originally for XFEL experiments into the freezing process as a first step towards time-resolved studies. We describe the limited deposition efficiency of the model MicroED protein proteinase K on TEM grids using GDVNs, preceding sample vitrification and successful MicroED data collection. We discuss both the initial results from such experiments and the methodological challenges in developing this approach into a reliable workflow for millisecond-to-second time-resolved structural studies of macromolecules. Our results promise a strategy to deposit crystals on grids using GDVNs and determine high-resolution structures by MicroED, constituting a first step towards development of time-resolved MicroED experiments.
MicroED↗