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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Nutritive-physiological study of sunflower seed protein isolate and spun sunflower seed protein-casein fibers].

Compared with defatted sunflower seeds, in sunflower seed globulin isolates the content of lysine and sulphur containing amino acids is decreased, the content of phenylalanine is increased. The content of the whole essential amino acids of sunflower seed globulin isolate in relation to casein is decreased. The value of the enzymatic invitro available amino acids of sunflower seed globulin is comparable with casein. The digestibility is good, the biological value is in relation to defatted sunflower seed lower. Apart from the lower content of sulphur-containing amino acids the amino acid composition of spun sunflower seed globulin/casein (I:I) fibers corresponds with the calculated value; in relation to sunflower seed globulin isolate the content of lysine and the whole essential amino acids of the spun protein fibers is increased. The enzymatic in-vitro-hydrolysis results altogether in a comparable availability of the amino acids between spun protein fibers and sunflower seed globulin isolates. The digestibility and the biological value of spun protein fibers corresponds with that of casein.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2025

ODR1, the key seed dormancy and germination regulator, promotes seed Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis via interaction with TTG1 and modulation of MBW complex activity.

Seed dormancy and germination are crucial for both plant survival and reproduction and for crop sowing and harvesting. Proanthocyanidins (PAs), one of the most abundant seed metabolites, play a role in enhancing dormancy and inhibiting germination. Multiple regulatory factors involved in PAs biosynthesis can alter seed dormancy or germination capacity. However, whether the dormancy or germination factors reciprocally influence the PAs biosynthesis is unclear. Here, we report that ODR1, a seed dormancy and germination key factor and a transcriptional (co-) repressor, can regulate seed PAs biosynthesis and act as a transcriptional co-activator. The odr1 mutant shows lighter seed coat color, decreased PAs contents, and reduced expression of PAs biosynthesis genes, which are restored in the ODR1 complementary lines. ODR1 interacts with TTG1 and forms a complex with TTG1/TT2/TT8 (three MBW complex components), enhancing their activation on promoters of PAs biosynthesis genes like DFR and ANS. Overexpressing TTG1 in the odr1-2 mutant rescues or even reverses PA-related phenotypes of odr1-2, confirming that ODR1-mediated regulation of PAs biosynthesis is dependent on TTG1. Moreover, three homologous copies of ODR1 in rapeseed were identified, and simultaneous knockout of them reduces the PAs contents. These results revealed the previously uncharacterized functions of ODR1 in PAs biosynthesis, suggested its conservation between Arabidopsis and rapeseed, and provided important gene resources for rapeseed variety improvement.

Proanthocyanidins↗
PubMed1975

[Isothiocyanate and vinyl thio-oxazolidone contents of rape seeds and rape seed oil].

Comparative studies on the isothiocyanate content of rape-seeds and rape-seed oil show that, apart from nearly 300 mg/100 g of vinyl thio-oxazolidone, rape-seeds contain almost 200--300 mg/100 g of isothiocyanates of which 3-butenyl isothiocyanate and 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate (ratio of 4:1) are the main components as evidenced thin-layer and gaschromatographically. Only about 1 mg/100 g of isothiocyanates are found in pressed rape-seed oil; and but circa 10 mg/100 g, in extracted rape-seed oil. 3-Butenyl isothiocyanate and 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate (ratio of 4:1) are once more the main components. Thioglycerides are not detected in the oil. Vinyl thio-oxazolidone is found only in extracted rape-seed oil (about 2 mg/100 g).

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1977

[Contamination of cotton seeds and of cotton seed cake by aflatoxin].

Following the discovery of aflatoxin M in cow's milk in the previous study, the contamination with aflatoxin of cotton-seed and cotton-seed cake which constitute the principal feed of local animals was measured. The samples were taken from 2 factories. The grain from the 1st factory was grown in the centre of the country in dry climate, and those from the 2nd source originated from the humid region of the north of Iran. The grain and cotton-seed cake from the 1st factory did not contain aflatoxin before storage. During storage the sample contamination amount and percent increased with time in both regions, with the dry less than the humid. In conclusion, Iranian cotton-seed and cotton-seed cake appear to be contaminated with aflatoxin B in 2 processes. The 1st is aflatoxin contamination before harvest, in the humid region of Iran; the 2nd is general storage aflatoxin contamination in both regions in which humidity and length of storage appear to be the principal factors.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1977

Modification of the radiosensitivity of barley seed by post-treatment with caffein. IV. Effect of the moisture content of seed and storage temperature after irradiation.

The oxygen-dependent damage which develops in barley seeds with approximately 7-8 per cent moisture content disappears after post-irradiation storage in vacuo for 48 hours at 40 degrees C and for 24 hours at 50 degrees C. When the diration of storage at 40 degrees C is extended to 384 hours, oxygen-independent damage becomes potentiated. There is oxygen-dependent damage in seeds of approximately 13.3 per cent moisture content and after the seeds have been stored in vacuo at 50 degrees C, the oxygen-dependent damage begins to increase by 168 hours, and it is very significantly potentiated by 192 hours. Under these circumstances, caffeine acts as a radioprotector only as long as the precursors of oxic damage are present in the seeds. Once these sites are lost, caffeine acts only as a radiosensitizer. The oxygen-independent damage which increases with storage at high temperature is further potentiated by caffeine.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1975

[Seed globulins from legumes. III. Seed globulins from broad bean (Vicia faba L.)].

The seed globulins from Vicia faba predominantly consist of two components, vicilin and legumin, which are exclusively deposited within the protein bodies of the storage cotyledons. The globulin biosynthesis commences with high intensity within a distinct phase during seed development as a consequence of reactivated genetic information. Isolation and purification of vicilin and legumin were achieved by a combination of zone precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. Purity was controlled by disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide e gels at pH 4.3 and by two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, respectively. Vicilin prepared by zone precipitation and ion exchange chromatography consists of several serologically different proteins. One of them occupies the legumin position on polyacrylamide gels, although not identic with legumin, as revealed by tandem immunoelectrophoresis. The serological nonrelationship of vicilin and legumin was confirmed. Vicilin is characterized by micro heterogeneity which seems to indicate a molecular polymorphism.

Globulins↗
PubMed1975

The contents of phytic acid in protein concentrates prepared from nigerseed, sunflower seed, rapeseed and poppy seed.

The contents of phytic acid were determined for protein-rich flours and protein concentrates prepared from nigerseed, sunflower seed, rapeseed and poppy seed. The values ranged from 6.89 to 8.80 mg phytate-P per g of fat free weight. This means that the phytate content of the analysed oilseed flours was at least about 4 times higher than the phytate content of common grain cereals. The precipitation of extracted phytic acid with trivalent Fe was an important step in the analytical procedure. The Fe:P mole ratios of the precipitates from the different oilseeds were lower than the corresponding ratios previously reported for cereal materials.

Edible Grain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seeded growth of calcium phosphates: effect of different calcium phosphate seed material.

Seed crystals of OCP, TCP, and HAP are effective nucleators of DCPD in stable supersaturated solutions under conditions in which DCPD is the predominant phase. The crystals will grow with the second-order kinetics (TCa = 5.0 X 10(-3)M, Tp = 1.0 X 10(-2)M [pH, 5.60]) characteristic of DCPD. TCP is the least efficient, DCPD growth taking place only after an initial induction period. In all instances, the rate of DCPD crystallization is proportional to the square of the supersaturation with respect to DCPD, and the reaction is surface controlled. Scanning electron micrographs show an amorphous or microcrystalline precursor to the development of the characteristic platelets of DCPD. In stable supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions at a physiologic pH (TCa = 1.4 X 10(-3)M, Tp = 8.0 X 10(-4)M [pH, 7.40]), only OCP and HAP seed crystals are effective nucleators. The efficiency of OCP as a nucleator adds further evidence for its participation as a precursor in the precipitation of HAP under these conditions.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed2025

The rice heat shock transcription factor OsHSFC1b increases seed weight, size, and vigor, but its function is disrupted by isoaspartyl modification.

Plant optimizes seed size, weight, vigor, and various other features during seed development, which are important not only for their successful propagation and establishment but also for effective agriculture. Despite several studies conducted, understanding how plants coordinate the regulatory mechanisms to achieve optimal seed size, weight, and vigor remains elusive. Here, our study reveals the role of rice heat shock transcription factor OsHSFC1b in modulating various seed attributes. We observe that OsHSFC1b expression increases during the later stage of seed development and is primarily localized in the embryo. We found that hsfc1b genome-edited lines exhibit compromised seed size, weight, and vigor, while overexpression lines exhibit increased seed size, weight, and vigor compared with the wild-type seeds. Our study further reveals that OsHSFC1b improves seed vigor by activating HSPs and RFO biosynthetic genes involved in protection mechanisms, while also mediating seed size and weight by modulating auxin biosynthesis, endosperm development, and seed filling. We found that upon ageing and stressful environments, OsHSFC1b undergoes isoaspartyl modification that negatively impacts its biological function in seeds. Our MS/MS analyses confirm that asparagine residues near the DNA-binding domain and nuclear localization sequence of OsHSFC1b undergo isoaspartyl modification that adversely affects OsHSFC1b's transactivation activity. However, PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE interacts and repairs this isoaspartate-mediated damage, and restores the function of OsHSFC1b. Taken together, our study uncovers how isoaspartyl modification affects the transactivation ability of OsHSFC1b, yet the intervention of PIMT not only repairs this damage but also elevates agronomically important seed traits.

Oryza↗
PubMed2026

Natural variation in GmSOP5 regulates seed oil and protein content during soybean domestication.

Seed oil content, protein content, and yield are agronomically important, correlated traits that determine the economic value of soybean (Glycine max). However, improving seed quality and yield simultaneously is challenging because gains in one breeding target often compromise the other, and the genetic basis of this trade-off is poorly understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study of 429 diverse soybean accessions and identified Seed Oil and Protein 5 (SOP5), which encodes a kinesin protein, as a key locus associated with seed oil and protein content. Knockout and overexpression experiments demonstrated that GmSOP5 positively affects seed oil content and 100-seed weight and negatively influences seed protein content. GmSOP5 is located in a selective sweep region, and the domestication-related GmSOP5H1 allele is nearly fixed in cultivated soybean, contributing to increased seed size, weight, and oil content and reduced protein content. Field trials demonstrated that neither loss-of-function GmSOP5-edited mutants, which have increased seed protein content, nor GmSOP5-overexpression lines, which have increased seed oil content, differed significantly in yield from wild-type plants, because changes in plant architecture were offset by changes in seed weight. Our results shed light on soybean domestication and suggest how pleiotropy can be harnessed in breeding to enhance seed quality without compromising yield.

GWAS↗
PubMed1979

Vitreous seeds in retinoblastoma, clinical significance and ultrastructure.

Vitreous seeds in retinoblastoma were studied clinically and pathologically. Vitreous seeds were found in 36.6% of retinoblastoma eyes. When tumors involved more than three quadrants of the retina and vitreous seeds were present, the prognosis was poor. When the tumor involved less than one-quarter of the retina, vitreous seeds were rare. Vitreous seeds were found most frequently in cases of undifferentiated tumor cells and endophytum type of proliferation. Although most vitreous seeds were necrotic tumor cells, some were almost intact tumor cells which were apt to be situated along blood vessels. The blood vessels in vitreous seeds had no pericytes and were derived from the tumor itself. Thus it is possible that tumor cells in the vitreous body can migrate to the anterior segment of the eye. Some tumor cells in vitreous seeds had much cytoplasm which contained mitochondria, ribosomes, fibrils, centrioles, and cilia with a presumed photoreceptor outer segment and intercellular junctions. These cytoplasmic features are very similar to those of neuroepithelial-type retinoblastoma cells. Undifferentiated cells were necrotic. Calcium deposition was found mainly in the necrotic cytoplasm of the tumor cells and occasionally on the chromatin granules of the nucleus. This may provide evidence that calcium can be bound to DNA to form radiopaque masses. No calcium-producing cells were found. Vitreous seeds contain a small number of almost intact tumor cells which are neuroepithelial in type, but most cells are necrotic. Although tumor cells may migrate to the anterior segment of the eye along or through blood vessels, the presence of vitreous seeds in itself is not always a bad prognostic sign. The prognosis is probably more closely related to the extent of the invasion of a tumor associated with vitreous seeds.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed2026

Climate and soil shape Daqu wheat quality and seed microbiome via rhizosphere taxa and microbial assembly.

The grain quality and seed microbiome of Daqu wheat are fundamental determinants of Daqu fermentation performance; however, the mechanisms by which cultivation environments influence these traits via rhizosphere microbial communities remain unclear. Bacterial and fungal communities across the bulk soil-rhizosphere-seed continuum of three wheat cultivars grown in four ecoregions were characterized using absolute quantitative amplicon sequencing. The rhizosphere microbiome was treated as a central intermediary, while the response variables were seed microbial diversity and grain-quality traits, including starch content, protein content, and grain hardness. Twelve physicochemical properties of soil and 11 climatic factors were integrated into a multidimensional association framework. Environmental conditions exerted stronger influences on both seed quality traits and microbial diversity than cultivar identity. Distinct regional signatures were also evident in rhizosphere microbiomes, with environmental gradients explaining community variation more effectively than geographic distance. Bacterial communities exhibited greater sensitivity to environmental fluctuations than fungi. Mantel analyses identified available nitrogen, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure as significant drivers of core rhizosphere taxa (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). iCAMP revealed that stochastic processes predominantly governed rhizosphere bacterial assembly, whereas stochastic and deterministic mechanisms jointly shaped fungal assembly. Partial least squares path modeling further uncovered a rhizosphere-mediated environment-seed cascade, wherein sunlight intensity and duration, atmospheric pressure, and soil nitrogen directly or indirectly affected seed wet gluten content, grain hardness, and seed microbial diversity through their influences on rhizosphere microbiota. Rhizosphere bacterial diversity was negatively associated with seed bacterial diversity (path coefficient&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.118, P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05), indicating that rhizosphere communities may shape seed endophytic bacterial assemblages via environmental filtering and competitive interactions. Collectively, these findings elucidate how environments shape the quality and seed microbiomes of Daqu wheat, providing scientific guidance for optimal site selection and the standardized production of high-quality brewing wheat for industrial Baijiu.

Triticum↗