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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Agreement between parents' reports and adolescents' self-reports of problem behavior.

Parents' reports and adolescents' self-reports of problem behaviors in 883 11-19-year-olds from the general population were compared. Correlations between both informants' CBCL syndrome scores ranged from 0.27 to 0.56. Adolescents reported many more problems than their parents did about them. Discrepancies were larger for externalizing than for internalizing problems, were larger for girls than for boys and increased with age. The findings indicated that adolescents, especially as they grow older, are indispensable informants on their own problem behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Validity of self-reported pregravid weight.

Self-reported pregravid weight is a commonly used baseline indicator of nutritional status in prenatal weight gain studies. This study assesses the validity of self-reported pregravid weight in 1591 gravidas who entered into prenatal care within the first trimester of pregnancy from 1986 to 1988 at the University of Maryland Medical Systems. A significant difference of 4.3 lb (t = 25.56, P < 0.001) was found between self-reported pregravid weight and estimated pregravid weight. Limits of agreement (interval within which 95% of the differences between the self-reported and measured weights) were constructed by population characteristics. Multiple linear regression models with estimated pregravid weight as the dependent variable were estimated by self-reported pregravid weight, body weight, height, age, race, education, insurance status, and marital status groups. A model with self-reported pregravid weight as the sole independent variable was found to explain 88% of the variance in estimated pregravid weight. Results of this study suggest that the validity of self-report pregravid weight varies with sociodemographic and anthropometric factors. Adjustment by a simple regression equation can minimize error in self-reported pregravid weight.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Empirical correlates of self-report drinking measures.

Self-report questionnaires assessing various drinking behaviors and constructs were administered to subjects in two separate empirical studies of longitudinal drinking patterns. The results suggest that self-report measures of both specific and general drinking behavior accurately differentiate drinkers who vary in frequency and intensity of alcohol consumption.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Self-reports by alcohol and drug abuse inpatients: factors affecting reliability and validity.

The reliability and validity of self-report data regarding substance abuse has often been questioned. To determine how best to enhance the veracity of self-report, three factors which might affect self-report veracity were examined: alcohol status at time of interview; level of cognitive functioning; and method of self-report data collection. Subjects were 234 admissions to an inpatient substance abuse treatment unit. Self-report data were collected via both personal interview on the day of admission and and questionnaire within the first week of stay. Self-reports concerned use of alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana in the days preceding admission. Test-retest reliability for the questionnaire data produced reliability coefficients of 0.88, 0.91, and 0.88, for alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana, respectively. Variation in inter-test interval had virtually no effect upon reliability coefficients. Interview data were compared to toxicologic analyses of blood and urine samples collected on admission. Overall, this comparison showed self-reports to be valid, with a 97% agreement between verbal report and laboratory data for alcohol, 93% for cocaine, and 84% for marijuana. The comparison of interview data with questionnaire responses also showed self-reports to be valid: 90% agreement for alcohol, 93% for cocaine, and 81% for marijuana. Level of cognitive function did not influence the validity of self-reports for any of the three substances. Recent consumption of alcohol also had no statistically significant effect on the validity of self-reported marijuana use, regardless of the operational form of validity tested. However, BAC-negative subjects produced a significantly greater validity coefficient for self-reported cocaine use (kappa = 0.87) than did BAC-positive patients (kappa = 0.43), when interview data were compared with toxicologic measures. A similar finding was not uncovered when interview and questionnaire data were compared. An interaction between admission alcohol status and cognitive function was uncovered for cocaine self-reports when interview data was compared with toxicologic measures. The rate of agreement for alcohol-negative subjects is quite high for both cognitively impaired and unimpaired subjects (M = 93% and M = 94%, respectively) as well as for alcohol-positive, cognitively unimpaired subjects (M = 94%), but not for alcohol-positive, cognitively impaired subjects (M = 67%). Results are discussed in terms of threats to the validity of self-report and strategies for the optimization of response accuracy.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Psychiatric screening in a medical clinic. An evaluation of a self-report inventory.

A self-report symptom inventory, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, was used as a screening test for psychiatric disorder in a group of 82 new patients in a university hospital outpatient medical clinic, and the results were compared with interviewer diagnoses. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the group was high (83%). Both parametric (discriminant function analysis) and nonparametric (contingency table) methods produced screening results from the patient self-ratings that were statistically significant but of limited accuracy in separating psychiatrically ill from well patients. Comparison of patient and interviewer ratings of symptoms indicated substantial agreement, suggesting that the screening accuracy of the symptom inventory is limited by the absence of historical and observational data.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The epidemiology of self-reported drug misuse in the United Kingdom.

Self-report methods are, in general, the only feasible way of obtaining information of the prevalence of drug misuse, other than opiate misuse, in the population. The present review examines the results of surveys of self-reported drug misuse conducted in the United Kingdom between 1968 and 1972 and discusses the findings in terms of the uses of epidemiology. The evidence from the surveys suggests that by 1972, a higher proportion of students in higher education, particularly those following courses in the social sciences, admitted to having ever misused controlled drugs compared with the general population of similar age. There were considerable local and regional variations in the prevalence of self-reported misuse. The majority of those who admitted to having ever misused drugs in the samples surveyed since 1970 said they had misused cannabis. The only individual characteristics that were found to be consistently associated with admitting to having ever misused drugs were favourable attitudes to drugs and slightly elevated neuroticism scores.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Sensor-based measures of knee brace adherence have low agreement with self-report methods: A multi-measure study among knee osteoarthritis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore agreement between self-report and objectively measured adherence to brace wearing by patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHOD: A single-arm observational analysis nested within the PROP OA randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN28555470). Of 237 adults with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis randomised to brace treatment, 60 were included in this sub-study investigating three different methods of assessing knee brace wear time over 26 weeks: 1. Self-report questionnaires (SRQ) at 12 weeks and 26 weeks; 2. Short message service (SMS) questions (days worn in past week, typical hours per day when worn) administered from week 1 to week 24; 3. A skin temperature sensor embedded in the brace, sampling every 10 min for 26 weeks. The presence and reason for the sensor were concealed from participants. The estimated proportion of participants meeting "minimum brace use", defined a priori as ≥1 h on ≥2 days in past week, was described for each measurement method, overall and by brace type (unloader, neutral). For temperature sensor measurements, time spent above 24°C and time spent above 25°C were used. Agreement between the measures was summarised by percentage agreement and kappa (ĸ). RESULTS: The estimated proportions of participants meeting "minimum brace use" at 12 weeks were 83% (SRQ), 83% (SMS), 60% and 58% (temperature sensor, 24°C and 25°C thresholds, respectively). At 26 weeks, the corresponding estimates reduced to 72%, 71% (SMS at 24 weeks), 43% and 37%. Sensor data suggested the sharpest decline in brace use occurred within the first 12 weeks. Agreement between self-report measures was higher than between self-report measures and sensor (SRQ vs SMS at 12 weeks: 92% agreement, ĸ=0.67 (95%CI: 0.34, 1.00); SRQ vs Sensor at 12 weeks: 74%, 0.35 (0.10, 0.60); SMS vs Sens at 12 weeks: 76%, 0.36 (0.05, 0.66). Agreement between all measurement methods reduced at 26 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This novel use of a temperature sensor to monitor brace adherence in knee osteoarthritis indicates that self-report adherence substantially overestimates knee brace wearing time, with implications for clinical trials and practice.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Are self-reported dates of mammograms accurate?

BACKGROUND: This paper assesses the accuracy of self-reported dates of last mammograms from a postal survey compared to dates of mammograms in medical records. METHODS: The subjects included women 50 years of age and older who were members of a local health maintenance organization, had reported ever having a mammogram, and had completed a postal questionnaire about breast cancer screening. The date of last mammogram from the postal surveys was compared to the date in medical records. RESULTS: Of 78 women who self-reported both the month and year of last mammogram in a postal survey, agreement within 1 month with the medical record data was 62.8% and agreement within 3 months was 75.6%. A total of 32.1% of the subjects underestimated the time since their last mammogram, while only 5.1% overestimated. Based on self-reported dates, 85.9% of the subjects had a mammogram within the last year compared to 76.9% based on medical records. Using medical records as the "gold standard", the sensitivity of self-reported mammogram within the last year versus more than 1 year ago was 98% and the specificity was 56%.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Self-reported weight and height in adolescents and their parents.

Self-reported and measured weight and height were compared in a sample of adolescents aged 15 years (109 boys; 95 girls) and their parents (135 fathers; 190 mothers) recruited from secondary schools in the urban area of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. On average the adolescents' self-reported weight and height did not differ to a greater extent from the measured values than did that of their parents for their own weight and height but differences for individuals were much more variable. Self-reported weight was significantly underestimated and height over-estimated by both adolescents and parents. Body size had little effect on the extent of underestimation of weight and overestimation of height. The precision of reporting varied both with age and sex, while reporting bias in the parents, but not the adolescents', was influenced by father's occupation score. The educational level of the parents, however, had no statistically significant effect on reporting bias. The extent to which weight was underestimated and height overestimated was no greater than that observed in adults and suggests that group means reported for weight and height are likely to be as valid a measure of actual weight and height as in adults.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Self-reported and measured weights and heights of participants in community-based weight loss programs.

Self-reported weights and heights of 82 adults were compared with measured weights and heights 1 to 3 years after participation in community weight loss programs. The mean self-reported weight was 2.3 +/- 1.9 kg lower than measured weight (P < .05). Differences in underreporting were not significant for gender or age group. Heavier individuals misreported their weight to a greater extent (P < .05) than lighter persons, and individuals who had not recently weighed themselves underreported their weight to a greater extent than those who had weighed recently (P < .05). On the average, height was overreported by a mean of 1.8 +/- 2.7 cm. Overreporting increased with increasing height, and men overestimated their height to a greater extent than women (P < .05). Younger subjects reported their height more accurately than those older than 60 years. Results of our study are similar to those of previous investigations that examined self-reporting bias in subjects enrolled in weight loss programs. The mean discrepancy in body weight, however, was greater than that reported in samples drawn from the general population. Our findings indicate that self-reported weight and height values in overweight populations should be interpreted with caution.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol abusers' perceptions of the accuracy of their self-reports of drinking: implications for treatment.

Several major literature reviews have concluded that alcohol abusers generally give valid self-reports when interviewed under certain conditions. Nevertheless, across all studies a small proportion of alcohol abusers' self-reports continue to be suspect. Sources of invalidity may relate to subject factors or to circumstances under which data are collected. One novel way of gaining information about conditions possibly affecting the accuracy of alcohol abusers' self-reports is to ask the subjects themselves. In the present study, 208 alcohol abusers were asked about (a) how accurately different people they knew or lived with would report their (i.e., the subjects') drinking at different levels (e.g., abstinent, 1-4 drinks) compared to the subjects' own reports; (b) how accurate their own reports would be at different levels of ethanol consumption; and (c) how accurate their own reports would be when interviewed under different conditions (e.g., by phone, their therapist, a researcher, their employer). The results are largely consistent with studies that have empirically examined the validity of alcohol abusers' self-reports. Suggestions for future research and evaluation are offered.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Validity of patients' self-reported drug use as a function of treatment status.

Recent reviews conclude that there is some evidence that drug abusers' self-reports are reliable and valid. However, there are wide variations among studies depending upon the samples and procedures used to obtain the data. The current study was conducted to extend the findings in this area. An examination of the intake interviews and same day urinalyses on 150 patients enrolling for outpatient opioid detoxification or maintenance revealed a fairly high agreement between drug use self-reports and urinalyses. A second study (N = 70) looking at the validity of self-reported drug use at intake and at 4 weeks follow-up revealed some noticeable changes in validity measures, suggesting that contingencies on positive urine results influence self reported drug use of addicts.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The characterization of inconsistencies in self-reports of alcohol and marijuana use in a longitudinal study of adolescents.

The reliability of self-reported measures remains an important issue for research on adolescent alcohol and drug use. Many studies have concluded that adolescents' self-reports are valid and reliable, but few studies have excluded consistent nonusers from their reliability estimates, and no study has examined in detail the reliability of reported age at first use of substances. This study explores the consistency of self-reports of frequency of use and age of first use of alcohol and marijuana in a sample of 5,770 secondary school students in a southeastern U.S. county. Two waves of data were collected between 1985 and 1988 using state-of-the-art data collection procedures and self-administered instruments. Consistency of reports was examined by comparing reports at T1 and T2, approximately 1 year apart. Results showed that when consistent nonusers were dropped from the analysis, consistency rates of lifetime frequency of use dropped from 82.7% to 74.7% for alcohol and from 95.6% to 83.2% for marijuana. Reports were more consistent for lifetime marijuana use than for alcohol use, but these results must be interpreted with caution given differences in the measures for the two substances. Reliability of reported age of first use was very low for both substances. When consistent nonusers were dropped from the analysis, only 27.8% of respondents made consistent estimates of their age at first alcohol use and 34.4% for their age at first marijuana use. Implications and recommendations for this area of research are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Do self-reported arthritis symptom (RADAR) and health status (AIMS2) data provide duplicative or complementary information?

This study assessed whether self-report measures of symptoms and functional health status provide unique outcome information, or whether functional status assessments primarily serve as a proxy for self-reported arthritis symptoms. Symptom scores of 138 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) collected with the Rapid Assessment of Disease Activity in Rheumatology (RADAR) measure were compared with same-day functional health scores collected with the recently revised Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS2). Correlational and factor analyses revealed that self-assessed arthritis symptoms, physical function and work impact, psychological status, and social health each made independent contributions to outcome. Satisfaction with health status was shown not to be independent of symptoms, functional capacity, or psychological status. It is important to document that self-reported symptom and health status information, when collected concurrently, provides complementary rather than duplicative information.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1978

Social adjustment by self-report in a community sample and in psychiatric outpatients.

Data are presented on social functioning derived from a self-report social adjustment scale (SAS-SR) administered to 774 subjects including a community sample and three psychiatric outpatient populations: acute depressives, alcoholics, and schizophrenics. This self-report scale derives from an interview form and was developed and tested on depressed outpatients. Since its publication, it has been used in populations other than depressives including other psychiatric patients, nonpsychiatric patients, and nonpatients. The purpose of this paper is to make data available to other investigators on results of this self-report social adjustment scale in a broad range of subjects and to describe further the psychometric properties, limitations, and utility of the scale. Findings show that the scale has wide applicability in a range of subjects but that certain cautions should be followed in using it with chronically impaired psychiatric populations who may not be involved in the major roles assessed by the scale.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2026

Self-Report Health Screening Tools in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review of Domain Coverage, Validation, and Use Across Participation Levels.

BACKGROUND: Female athlete health encompasses multiple interconnected domains; however, the self-report screening tools used to assess these domains have not been comprehensively synthesised. OBJECTIVE: To systematically identify self-report health screening tools used to assess female athlete health, map domain coverage, determine validation reporting, and describe application across participation levels. METHODS: This systematic review was pre-registered with PROSPERO ( CRD420251056910 ) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) were searched from inception to January 2026 using female health and screening-related terms. Methodological quality was appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute and National Institutes of Health tools, and findings were synthesised descriptively. Eligible, peer-reviewed studies reported the use, development or validation of self-report health screening tools assessing one or more domains relevant to female health applied in female athlete populations, spanning recreational through elite participation levels. All sports and activities were included. The search was restricted to English language with no date limits. RESULTS: In total, 360 studies (1990-2026) representing 134,506 female participants spanning recreational to elite sport and 273 screening tools were included. Mental health (n = 77, 34.1%), disordered eating (n = 33, 14.6%) and body image (n = 30, 13.3%) predominated. Domains related to female health, including menstrual health, pelvic floor health, pregnancy/postpartum and breast health were comparatively underrepresented. Most studies reported tools were used for risk identification (n = 323, 80.3%). Validation reporting was inconsistent, with half (n = 180, 50%) reporting use of at least one validated tool. Tool use was concentrated in professional and elite sport, with limited inclusion of recreational, masters and disability athlete cohorts. Health literacy constructs were explicitly assessed in 12.5% of studies (n = 45). CONCLUSIONS: Health screening in female athlete populations remains fragmented and uneven in domain coverage, with inconsistent validation reporting. Development of integrated, multi-domain and contextually inclusive screening frameworks is warranted.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1979

Measurement of assertive behavior: construct and predictive validity of self-report, role-playing, and in-vivo measures.

Examined the predictive validity and construct equivalence of the three major procedures used to measure assertive behavior: Self-report, behavioral role-playing, and in-vivo assessment. Seventy-five Ss, who spanned the range of assertiveness, completed two self-report measures of assertiveness, the Rathus Assertiveness Scale (RAS) and the College Self-Expression Scale (CSES); two scales from the Endler S-R Inventory of General Trait Anxiousness, the interpersonal and general anxiety scales; eight role-playing situations that involved the expression of positive and negative assertiveness; and a telephone in-vivo task. In general, the study revealed the following: (1) assertiveness measures are task-dependent in that there was more overlap within task than between tasks; (2) there is a moderate degree of correspondence between self-report and role-playing measures, although this was true only for negative assertion; (3) positive and negative assertion do not appear to have the same topography of responding; and (4) there appears to be no consistent relationship between the in-vivo measure and any other type of assertiveness measure.

Anxiety↗

PubMed1976

The veridicality of addicts' self-reports in social research.

This report examines the accuracy or veridicality of information obtained through interviews with drug addicts. Comparisons were made between the self-reports on six items of the interview and official records of the Baltimore City Police Department, the Baltimore City Juvenile Court, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The findings provide no evidence of systematic distortion intended to "cover-up" the criminal side of addict life. While errors of recall probably do affect self-reports, the incomplete status of official records frequently used to validate self-reports should be of equal concern.

Age Factors↗