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PubMed1974

Effect of oral contraceptives on Serum magnesium levels.

Serum magnesium levels were determined by atomic absorption apectrophotometry in 224 Nigerian women attending the post-partem Family Planning Clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan. The concentrations of serum magnesium in 44 control subjects were similar to those of 87 women who had been fitted with the Lippes loop. Serum magnesium levels were significantly lower (P smaller than 0.001) in 28 women taking Ovral 28 and in 65 women taking Norlestrin Fe in comparison with the control group.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute phase response and serum magnesium levels among hospitalized patients].

UNLABELLED: The acute phase response (APR) is characterized by proteolysis with decreased body cell mass, hyperglycemia, body water retention and renal dysfunction, which we hypothesised could affect magnesium serum levels. The aim of this study was to compare serum magnesium levels among hospitalized patients with or without APR. METHOD: All serum magnesium results (n = 527) corresponding to a six-months period were searched at University Hospital mainframe. Relevant laboratorial and clinical details were also registered. All cases of diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency, or serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl were excluded. APR was defined by the presence of fever plus severe trauma or infection plus leukopenia or leukocytosis. RESULTS: From a total of 214 patients, sixty-nine (32.2%) met the criteria for APR positivity (APR [symbol: see text]). Groups were paired for age, color, gender, diuretic use and edema presence. Hypomagnesemia was registered among 72% of cases, without statistical difference (p = 0.06) among APR [symbol: see text] and APR theta patients (63.8 vs 75.9%). Serum magnesium levels (median; range) were higher among APR [symbol: see text] cases, when compared to APR theta ones: 1.75; 1-3 vs 1.6; 0.9-2.9 m/dl, the same occurring with glycemia (115; 49-236 vs 99; 61-191 mg/dl) and serum creatinine (mean +/- SD): 0.8840 +/- 306 vs 0.803 +/- 0.257 mg/dl. Hypermagnesemia was more common among APR [symbol: see text] cases: 8.7 vs 2.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that higher magnesium serum levels seen in APR [symbol: see text] patients may be attributed to subclinical renal ischemia and possibly to increased glucose serum levels.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗

PubMed2004

Serum magnesium levels as related to symptomatic vasospasm and outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

INTRODUCTION: Recent evidence suggests that magnesium may be neuroprotective in the setting of cerebral ischemia, and therapeutic magnesium infusion has been proposed for prophylaxis and treatment of delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) resulting from vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We studied the association between serum magnesium levels, the development of DIND, and the outcomes of patients with SAH. METHODS: We studied 128 consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH treated at our institution between 1990 and 1997 who had a serum magnesium level measured at least once during the acute phase of their hospitalization. Delayed ischemic neurological deficit was defined as severe (major focal deficit or coma), moderate (incomplete focal deficit or decreased sensorium without coma), or none. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean, minimum, or maximum serum magnesium levels between patients with and without DIND (1.93, 1.83, 2.02 versus 1.91, 1.84, 1.97 mg/dL, respectively). Similarly, no difference was found in mean serum magnesium levels among patients with severe (1.94 mg/dL), moderate (1.92 mg/dL), or no DIND (1.91 mg/dL). Analyses of serum magnesium levels before (0-4 days following SAH), during (4-14 days following SAH), and after (greater than 14 days following SAH) the period of highest risk for vasospasm revealed no association with the development or severity of DIND. Permanent deficit or death resulting from vasospasm and Glasgow Outcome Scale score at longest follow-up were similarly unaffected by serum magnesium levels overall or during any time interval. Forty (31.5%) patients were hypomagnesemic (less than 1.7 mg/dL) during hospitalization, but no difference in outcome (p = 0.185) or development of DIND (p = 0.785) was found when compared to patients with normal (1.7-2.1 mg/dL) or high (greater than 2.1 mg/dL) magnesium serum levels. CONCLUSION: We identified no relationship between serum magnesium levels and the development of DIND or outcome following aneurysmal SAH. Based on these data, magnesium supplementation to normal or high-normal physiological ranges seems unlikely to be beneficial for DIND resulting from vasospasm. However, no inference can be made regarding the value of therapeutic infusion of magnesium to supraphysiological levels.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Low serum magnesium levels and metabolic syndrome.

Low serum magnesium levels are related to diabetes mellitus (DM) and high blood pressure (HBP), but as far as we know, there are no previous reports that analyzed the serum magnesium concentration in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS). We performed a cross-sectional population-based study to compare 192 individuals with MS and 384 disorder-free control subjects, matched by age and gender. Magnesium supplementation treatment and conditions likely to provoke hypomagnesemia, including previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or high blood pressure (HBP), were exclusion criteria. In this regard, only incident cases of DM and HBP were included. MS was defined by the presence at least of two of the following features: hyperglycemia (> or =7.0 mmol/l); HBP (> or =160/90 mmHg); dyslipidemia (fasting triglycerides > or =1.7 mmol/l and/or HDL-cholesterol <1.0 mmol/l); and obesity (body mass index > or =30 kg/m(2) and/or waist-to-hip ratio > or =0.85 in women or > or =0.9 in men). Low serum magnesium levels were identified in 126 (65.6%) and 19 (4.9%) individuals with and without MS, p<0.00001. The mean serum magnesium level among subjects with MS was 1.8+/-0.3 mg/dl, and among control subjects 2.2+/-0.2 mg/dl, p<0.00001. There was a strong independent relationship between low serum magnesium levels and MS (odds ratio (OR)=6.8, CI(95%) 4.2-10.9). Among the components of MS, dyslipidemia (OR 2.8, CI(95%) 1.3-2.9) and HBP (OR 1.9, CI(95%) 1.4-2.8) were strongly related to low serum magnesium levels. This study reveals a strong relationship between decreased serum magnesium and MS.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Serum magnesium levels in protein-energy malnutrition.

Serum magnesium levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 46 malnourished and 12 healthy children, aged 3 months to 5 years. The nutritional status of children was classified in relation to weight for age and height for age using the Indian Academy of Pediatrics and the Waterlow classifications, respectively. NCHS data were used for the purposes of comparison. Serum magnesium levels were significantly low in children with moderate (weight for age 61-70 per cent) and severe (weight < or = 60 per cent) malnutrition, and in children with marked linear growth retardation (height for age < 85 per cent). Nearly half of the marasmic children had serum magnesium levels in the hypomagnesemic range (below 1.56 mg/dl). Serum magnesium levels had significant correlations with height for age and serum albumin.

Body Height↗

PubMed2005

Increase in serum magnesium level in haemodialysis patients receiving sevelamer hydrochloride.

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have shown that sevelamer hydrochloride improves lipid profiles and attenuates the progression of the cardiovascular calcifications in haemodialysis patients. It is known that both of these properties are associated with increased magnesium levels. The effect of sevelamer on serum magnesium level is not well documented. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sevelamer treatment on serum magnesium in haemodialysis patients and to assess the association of magnesium levels with lipid profiles and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). METHODS: Phosphate binders were discontinued during a two week washout period. Forty-seven patients, whose serum phosphate was greater than 6.0 mg/dl at the end of washout, received sevelamer hydrochloride for eight weeks. The patients were then washed off sevelamer for another two weeks. RESULTS: Mean serum phosphorus concentration declined from 7.5 +/- 1.3 to 6.4 +/- 1.2 mg/dl (P < 0.001), mean serum magnesium levels increased from 2.75 +/- 0.35 to 2.90 +/- 0.41 mg/dl (P < 0.001) and median serum iPTH levels decreased from 297 to 213 pg/ml (P=0.001) during the eight weeks of sevelamer treatment. After the two week post-treatment washout phosphorus levels increased to 7.3 +/- 1.3 mg/dl (P < 0.001), magnesium levels were reduced to 2.77 +/- 0.39 mg/dl (P < 0.001) and iPTH levels increased to 240 pg/ml (P=0.012). No change was observed in serum calcium levels during the sevelamer treatment period and the subsequent washout period. The mean decline in total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol during sevelamer treatment was 16.3 and 28.3 (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and in apolipoprotein A1 was 2.9 +/- 5.8 mg/dl (P=0.004) and 6.8 +/- 11.1 mg/dl (P=0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the rise in serum magnesium concentration significantly correlated with reductions in iPTH levels (r=-0.40, P=0.016), but did not have any significant correlation with the changes in lipid profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that patients on haemodialysis receiving sevelamer have a significant increase in serum magnesium concentrations. This increase in serum magnesium is associated with reduction in iPTH levels. The changes in lipid profiles of these patients however are not related to changes in serum magnesium levels.

Female↗

PubMed1992

[Effect of potassium canrenoate on serum magnesium levels after extracorporeal circulation].

Serum magnesium (Mg) levels were measured before and after operations involving extracorporeal circulation in thirty-five patients. Twenty patients were administered potassium canrenoate 200 mg/day from 2 days before operation to the 3rd postoperative day. Another 15 patients to whom there had been no administration of potassium canrenoate served as controls. We investigated the difference of serum Mg levels between the two groups. The serum Mg levels significantly decreased immediately after operations as compared to the values before surgery as from 1.9 +/- 0.2 to 1.5 +/- 0.2mEq/l (p less than 0.001) and from 1.8 +/- 0.2 to 1.4 +/- 0.2mEq/l (p less than 0.001) in the medicated and control groups, respectively. Serum Mg levels on the 2nd postoperative day recovered to within the normal range and it was significantly higher in the medicated group (1.7 +/- 0.2mEq/l versus 1.5 +/- 0.3mEq/l; p less than 0.05). Hypomagnesemia (Mg less than or equal to 1.2mEq/l) was found in seven patients (46.7%) in the control group and in two patients (10.0%) in the medicated group. Thus, there was a significant difference in the incidence of hypomagnesemia between the two groups (p less than 0.05). These results suggested that administration of potassium canrenoate is useful for keeping and improving serum Mg levels after extracorporeal circulation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1965

Changes in serum magnesium levels of ruminants, as influenced by the diet effect of oral administration of various inorganic and organic compounds on the serum-magnesium level.

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Animals↗

PubMed1985

Relationship of diuretic therapy and serum magnesium levels among participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

Thiazide-like diuretics cause an increased excretion of magnesium in the urine. Low serum and selected tissue magnesium levels have been reported among diuretic users. Low magnesium levels have been associated with cardiac arrhythmias, neuromuscular changes, and increases in lipoprotein levels. The dietary intake of magnesium is borderline compared with the recommended dietary allowances. Water sources may therefore play an important role. Hard water contains more magnesium than soft water. The authors studied serum magnesium levels among special intervention Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial participants in two centers: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Davis, California. These participants were men aged 35-57 years at entry to the trial in 1972-1974; the blood samples were obtained primarily in 1980-1981. Diuretic users primarily of chlorthalidone had an average 1 ppm lower serum magnesium level than nondiuretic users. About 15% of diuretic users had persistently lower magnesium levels on two samples approximately four months apart. The serum magnesium level was not correlated with the serum potassium level. This study is the first long-term follow-up of a well-defined group of hypertensives taking thiazide-like diuretics versus suitable controls. The results suggest that within similar populations, low serum magnesium levels are relatively rare even in the absence of supplementation with magnesium. Specific high-risk populations may exist in which a combination of diuretic therapy and low intake may contribute to magnesium deficiency. Further epidemiologic studies should include monitoring both serum and intracellular levels of magnesium among these potential high-risk groups on diuretic therapy. This approach may offer the best method of testing the relationship between water hardness, minerals, and cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Relationship between uterine contractions and serum magnesium levels in patients treated for threatened preterm labour with intravenous magnesium sulphate.

We aimed to correlate the assessment of preterm uterine activity with serum magnesium levels in women with threatened preterm labour. The observational study involved twelve women receiving intravenous magnesium sulphate for threatened preterm labour. Mean gestational age at initiation of therapy was 26.9+/-2.9 weeks. Mean cervical dilatation at initiation of therapy was 1.5 cm. Serum magnesium levels and evaluation of uterine contractions by external tocograph were assessed twice daily. Presence or absence of contractions was analysed for correlation with plasma magnesium levels. Eighty-eight measurements were analysed. The mean serum magnesium levels were 1.9+/-0.5 mmol/l and 1.9+/-0.3 mmol/l in the presence (n=22) or absence (n=66) of contractions, respectively. The difference did not reach statistical significance. No correlation was found between serum magnesium levels and presence of contractions (P=0.3, logistic regression odds ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval of 0.6-2.0). The abolition of premature uterine contractions during intravenous magnesium sulphate therapy does not correlate with serum magnesium levels.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

[Behavior of serum magnesium level during abortion].

Double determinations of whole blood- and serum magnesium levels were according to a complexometric method as described by Schwarzenbach (Hôlasek and Flaschka's procedure) in 134 females (66 healthy pregnant women, 68 abortions). Further, hematocrit was determined in these women. By aid of these values we were able to calculate Mg-concentrations/100 ml erythrocytes in all cases. Serum magnesium levels were depressed in the same relation in abortions and normal gravidae. Therefore, we do not confirm the results of other authors (22) asserting a typical significant decrease of serum-Mg in abortions. We warn against excessive differential-diagnostic interpretation of depressed serum magnesium in abortions. Magnesium concentrations in 100 ml erythrocytes were found significant increased over in abortions against women going through a successfully pregnancy. The cause of this magnesium increase is believed in reactive increased pouring out young partly immature erythrocytes containing high magnesium concentrations caused by losses of blood.

Abortion, Incomplete↗

PubMed1991

Serum magnesium levels in pregnancy and preterm labor.

Pregnancy is marked by a state of hypomagnesemia. The serum magnesium level shows no gestational dependence (mean, 1.79 +/- 0.44 mg/dl) until 33 weeks, at which point it continuously declines. Serum magnesium is not depressed further with the onset of labor at term. Patients in preterm labor have a significantly depressed serum magnesium level (mean, 1.60 +/- 0.46 mg/dl; 21 to 33 weeks; p less than 0.0005). This level was not dependent on whether the etiology for the preterm labor was premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), twin gestation, abruption, placenta previa with bleeding, or chorioamnionitis. With PROM, the serum magnesium level was not depressed prior to the initiation of preterm labor. However, observation of hypomagnesemia for this and other etiologies just prior to the initiation of preterm labor were not available. Possible mechanisms by which hypomagnesemia induces uterine irritability are explored, including inhibition of adenyl cyclase with resultant increase in cytoplasmic calcium levels. Patients with diabetes mellitus appeared to have slightly reduced serum magnesium levels, but the results were not statistically significant. Magnesium levels in patients with preeclampsia were not significantly different from controls. Hypomagnesemia (magnesium 1.4 mg/dl or less) may be a marker for true preterm labor.

Calcium↗

PubMed1990

[The effect of aminoglycosides on the serum magnesium level].

In this study we investigated that the effect of aminoglycoside on the serum magnesium level. Therefore 3 mg/kg/day gentamicin was given during 10 days. Serum and urine magnesium levels were studied with the method of Titan yellow. 60 per of the patients were women and 40 per were men. Their ages were between 20 and 82. We observed that serum magnesium level began to fall down from the early period of our study. Serum magnesium level was found explicitly lower before the treatment. At the end of the treatment discharge of magnesium with urine found higher than the initial valve. We didn't observe the symptoms of hypomagnesemia in any of the patients. We thought that hypomagnesemia developed in the patients who were given aminoglycoside as a result of increasing magnesium lost. While the lowest effective dose is applied, it ran not reach the level of giving hypomagnesemia symptom but while aminoglycoside is applied on the patients under risk. We agree that developing of symptoms belonging to hypomagnesemia should not be ignored and if possible the level of serum magnesium should be checked.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Serum ionized magnesium levels and serum ionized calcium/ionized magnesium ratios in women with menstrual migraine.

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that magnesium deficiency may play an important role in menstrual migraine and that the serum ionized calcium (ICa2+)/ionized magnesium (IMg2+) ratio is important in migraine headache. Studies were designed to test these hypotheses. DESIGN: We prospectively evaluated 270 women seen at a headache clinic and in 61 women with menstrual migraine measured IMg2+, total magnesium, and ICa2+ levels so as to calculate the ICa2+/IMg2+ ratio. RESULTS: The incidences of IMg2+ deficiency were 45% during menstrual attacks, 15% during nonmenstrual attacks, 14% during menstruation without a migraine, and 15% between menstruations and between migraine attacks. The serum ICa2+ levels were within our reference range, but the ICa2+/IMg2+ ratio was elevated (P<.01) in menstrual migraine. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of IMg2+ deficiency and the elevated ICa2+/IMg2+ ratio during menstrual migraine confirm previous suggestions of a possible role for magnesium deficiency in the development of menstrual migraine.

Calcium↗

PubMed2003

Serum magnesium level among pregnant women in a rural community of Haryana State, India.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of serum magnesium levels among pregnant women in a rural community. DESIGN: A community-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: Investigation was conducted in six villages of a rural block of District Faridabad, Haryana State, India. SUBJECTS: In total, 283 pregnant women with pregnancy duration of 28 weeks and more were enrolled for the detailed study. Blood from the antecubital vein was drawn and serum magnesium levels were estimated by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: In all, 44% of the pregnant women had serum levels less than the normal level (1.80 mg/dl). There was a significant decrease (P=0.01) in serum magnesium levels with the increase in parity. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of magnesium deficiency was found among the pregnant women.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Lower serum magnesium level after exposure to cold in women with primary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Serum levels of magnesium (s-Mg), calcium (s-Ca), potassium (s-K) and sodium (s-Na) were measured in 80 women with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and in 24 age-matched female controls recruited from a population survey. The blood samples were taken after a 40-min standardized whole body cooling test. The mean s-Mg level in the group with RP was significantly lower than in the controls (0.81 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.07 mmol l-1, P less than 0.05). One year later, 66 members of the RP group and 22 members of the control group were investigated further, but without any exposure to cold. No differences in mean s-Mg values were found between the groups. The mean s-Mg level was significantly higher in the blood samples taken later without cold exposure than at the initial examinations after exposure to cold in the RP group, but not in the controls. The s-Mg level was lower after exposure to cold in 82% of the women with RP, compared to 45% of the controls (P less than 0.001). No differences in the other electrolytes were found. It is concluded that exposure to cold under standardized conditions may decrease the s-Mg level in women with primary RP. Further studies of the role of magnesium in patients with RP are required.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Serum magnesium levels in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver.

INTRODUCTION: Magnesium is currently a subject of major interest in biology and medicine. Magnesium is intimately involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions. particularly in processes involving the formation and utilization of ATP. It is known that alcoholism is connected with hypomagnesemia. There are also several studies describing the disorders of magnesium balance in patients with liver diseases. THE AIM OF STUDY: was to investigate the serum magnesium levels in patients with liver steatosis. We compared the magnesium levels in patients with non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver to estimate if alcoholism is the only cause of magnesium disorders or if also liver function disorders play any role in the development of magnesium dysbalance in patients with liver steatosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The studied group consisted of 44 patients with hepatic steatosis (25 non-alcoholic and 19 alcoholic). The control group consisted of 57 healthy subjects. Magnesium levels were assayed by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: Serum magnesium levels were significantly decreased in patients with alcoholic (0.67 +/- 0.10 vs 1.02 +/- 0.11 mmol.l(-1)) and also in patients with non-alcoholic liver steatosis (0.65 +/- 0.14 vs 1.02 +/- 0.11 mmol.l(-1)). There were also moderately increased activities of aminotransferases and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Plasma triacylglycerols were increased in both studied groups. Albumin and prealbumin levels were not changed in comparison to the control group. There was a slight increase in plasma levels of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study showed hypomagnesemia in both studied groups. Decreased magnesium levels found also in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver suggest that alcoholism cannot be the only cause of hypomagnesemia in patients with fatty liver. Hypomagnesemia is not only a laboratory symptom of fatty liver but due to its connection with increased oxidative stress it might be a risk factor in the progression of fatty liver to steatohepatitis (Tab. 3, Ref: 19).

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Serum magnesium levels in patients with head and neck cancer.

Serum magnesium levels have been estimated in 25 patients with head and neck cancer. The results have been compared with a group of 25 healthy controls. In cancer patients the mean value was significantly reduced when compared with the control group. A progressive, and significant, increase in serum magnesium concentration was observed following radiotherapy.

Adolescent↗