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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

[On the sex chromatin and sex chromatin-like nuclear structures in human Purkinje-cells].

INTRODUCTION: Animal experiments have shown that in the course of chromatolysis the nuclear sex chromatin of nerve cells of female mammals changes its customary location at the nucleolus and migrates to the nuclear membrane; moreover, in the nuclei of nerve cells of males there occur under similar conditions nuclear structures which resemble the sex chromatin. It was, therefore, thought of interest to see if similar findings also apply to human Purkinje-cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cerebellum of 100 female and 52 male corpses of various ages was examined. Paraffin sections, 2-5 mum thick, were stained with haemalumeosin and, after hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid, with cresyl violet of Schiff's reagent (Feulgen stain). In each cerebellum 100 Purkinje-cells, whose nuclei showed a well developed nucleolus and an obvious Barr body, were studied. In the cerebellum of 29 female corpses the cells examined showed a marked cytoplasmic chromatolysis; in the Purkinje-cells of the remaining 71 female, and of all the male corpses the stage of chromatolysis was classified according to the degree of dissolution of the Nissl bodies as "feeble", "marked", or as the stage of restitution, characterized by nuclear caps. RESULTS: The sex chromatin was seen as a, mainly, round and compact chromocenter with a maximal diameter of 0.6--1.6 mum. The larger Barr bodies were seen more frequently, if chromatolysis in the corresponding cells was marked. With increasing chromatolysis the Barr body, which usually occupies a perinucleolar location, tended to be found more often at or near the nuclear membrane. In the cerebellum of the males 17.4% of the Purkinje cells studied showed heteropyknotic nuclear structures which could not always be distinguished in size or in appearance from a sex chromatin. They occupied predominantly a perinuclear position. but with increasing chromatolysis they too were seen more frequently in a location which tended to be intermediary or near the nuclear membrane. Not infrequently the nuclei simultaneously presented a granular hyperchromatosis. DISCUSSION: The change in the location of the sex chromatin in the nucleus is considered to be associated with compensatory processes following chromatolysis. These in turn are accompanied by an intranuclear current of materials, such as RNA, towards the periphery of the nucleus, or by changed electric potentials which develop in the affected cells. The variations in size of the Barr body should be attributed to a variable condensation of the corresponding X-chromosome, rather than to polyploidy of the nerve cell nuclei. The sex chromatin-like chromocenters, which are seen in "male" Purkinje-cells in the course of chromatolysis, could be attributed to certain chromosomal segments which have a tendency to heterochromasia...

Cell Nucleolus↗
PubMed1977

Sex-chromatin in Iranian newborn females.

The incidence of sex-chromatin-positive cells during the first five days of life was investigated in buccal smears stained with aceto-orcein in three groups of newborn females: 51 term infants, 17 small-for-date prematures and 9 prematures with birth weight appropriate for gestational age. In addition, single buccal smears were obtained from a control group of 50 older female children. No significant difference was found in the number of sex-chromatin positive cells between the three groups of infants. The mean incidence of sex-chromatin-positive cells in the neonatal period was lower than that of the older control girls, as has been reported by previous workers. The mean incidence of sex-chromatin-positive cells on the fifth postnatal day never reached 17% which was the mean frequency of sex-chromatin positive cells in older controls. This contrasts with the findings of other workers who reported the rise of sex-chromatin positive cells to occur on the second or third days of life.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1977

Sex chromatin in tumors of the female breast (the problem reviewed).

The authors looked for the percentage od sex chromatin in benign (73 cases) and malignant (131 cases) female mammary tumors. The sex chromatin was present in at least 30% of nuclei in benign tumors. On the other hand, in malignant tumors, the sex chromatin was present in 4 to 30% of nuclei in 42 cases and over 30% of nuclei in 76 cases. We observed one or two sex chromatin in the same nuclei in 12 malignant tumors. No correlation was observed between the percentage of sex chromatin and other prognostic factors : TNM (tumor, nodes, and metastasis), histological grading, nodal involvement, hormonal status. The authors also observed the survival after radical treatment. Therefore, this may raise the question of the value of the test.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Sex chromatin anomaly among Chinese psychiatric inpatients compared to schoolchildren.

In a study of sex chromatin abnormality among Chinese psychiatric inpatients, buccal smears were examined from a total of 1,253 psychiatric inpatients (639 males and 614 females). One male psychiatric inpatient (1.6/1000) was chromatin positive (plus ve); two female psychiatric inpatients (3.3/1000) were found to have two sex chromatin bodies (less than e). The lower rate for male inpatients in comparison to Chinese schoolboys (i.3/1000) is thought to reflect a higher rate of mental subnormality in the primary schoolchildren. This is considered attributable to the special nature of the school system and psychiatric patient facilities in Taiwan. The higher rate for female inpatients in comparison with the schoolgirls (0.5/1000) tends to indicate a predisposition to mental disorder in favor of psychosis associated with double sex chromatin abnormality in the female.

Asian People↗
PubMed1977

Sex chromatin scores in oral mucosa and hair root sheaths of human females.

The preparation and the utility of oral mucosa and hair root sheaths for quantitative sex chromatin studies is discussed. In buccal smears requirements for reliable scoring are frequently not fulfilled. Counting is time-consuming and disturbing measurement errors cannot be avoided. On the other hand, hair root sheath slides can be quickly prepared, the method yields preparations of good quality, and sex chromatin is displayed with considerable clarity. This procedure thus provides a high degree of accuracy and simplicity and counting can be quickly done with a relatively small measurement error. The incidence of sex chromatin in hair nuclei is observed to be about 20 per cent higher than in oral mucosa of the same female. In hair root sheaths non-peripheral sex chromatin can easily be recognized; including these into the scores significantly increases the actual incidence of sex chromatin positive nuclei.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Nuclear area and sex chromatin frequency in oral mucosa and hair root sheats of human females.

In 36 oral mucosa and in 25 hair root sheath slides nuclear area was measured in about 100 nuclei per slide. Within one slide no differences were found in nuclear area between nuclei with or without sex chromatin, or with a non-peripheral sex chromatin. No correlation was found between nuclear area and sex chromatin frequency, except for a weakly significant negative correlation between nuclear area and those nuclei without either peripheral or non-peripheral sex chromatin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognosis and incidence of sex chromatin in breast cancer. A preliminary report.

Results of two studies, based on a total of 126 patients (prospective--76 cases and retrospective--50 cases), on the incidence of the sex chromatin in the cancerous tissue are presented. For evaluation of prognosis in the retrospective study with a five year follow up, sex chromatin incidence was correlated with other prognositc factors such as lymph node metastasis, the disease free interval of distant metastasis and the size of the tumor. Whereas positive significant correlation between sex chromatin incidence and a five year survival time or disease free interval of distant metastasis was observed, no correlation was seen between sex chromatin counts and lymph node metastasis or the size of the tumor.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topography of the sex chromatin in vaginal histiocytes.

Routine vaginal smears with good numbers of histiocytes with kidney shaped morphology of their nuclei were selected for the study of sex chromatin topography. A variable distribution of the sex chromatin was found in 125 nuclei studied: polar in 57.4 percent, ventral in 21.9 percent and dorsal in 20.7 percent of the nuclei. No relationship was found between sex chromatin and cytoplasmic morphology and phagocytic activity.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1978

[Sex chromatin and glucocorticoid hormone metabolism in breast cancer patients].

Somatic sex chromatin of blood neutrophyls and the metabolism of glucocorticoid hormones were studied in 20 female patients with the intact ovarian function suffering breast cancer of stage III and in 20 healthy females of the same age. A reliable decrease was found in the number of type A and B processes compared with the control group. The same patients showed the increased nonconjugated 17-OCS in the urine, a decrease in the reduced forms of THF and THE hormones and rising of the cortisol and cortisone level. Breast cancer patients show a higher level of biologically active hormones (cortisol and cortisone), which are likely to influence the amount of somatic sex chromatin under this affection.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Frequency of sex chromatin in the buccal smear of newborn females and their mothers during first six days after delivery.

The frequencies of sex chromatin in the buccal smear of the newborn females and their mothers were low on the first post-partum day and it increased gradually during the second and third day. By the fourth and fifth day it stabilized and the incidence of sex chromatin both in the mothers and the children became similar, although the frequency on the first day was significantly lower in the newborn. The incidences of pyknotic cells in the buccal smears of the newborns and their mothers were highest on day one and these declined rapidly in the following days. The significance of these findings have been discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Sex chromatin and chromosome numbers in Lepidoptera.

Three classes of sex chromatin (SC) distribution have been encountered in a sample of Canadian Lepidoptera. In 78 of the 103 species examined, females were SC positive and males were SC negative. In another 24 species, females and males were SC negative. Females and males of a single species, Eucordylea resinosae, had two equal-sized SC bodies in interphase nuclei. In no species were females found to be SC negative and males SC positive. Usually presence of SC indicates an XX male and XY female sex determining mechanism, and its absence, XX male; XO female, but the exceptional occurrence of SC in females and males of a species suggests the need for caution in too universal an application of this interpretation. Chromosome numbers have also been determined for 53 of the 103 species. Male haploid numbers ranged from 11 to 61, but 30 was most frequently encountered.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Secretory type and the X-sex chromatin characteristics of persons with peptic ulcer].

Blood groups according to ABO and Rh systems were tested in 137 ulcer patients as well as the secretory state. The titre of blood group ABH antigens was determined in the same patients, secreted in saliva and gastric juice. The results are compared with those obtained from the examination of a control group of 30 clinically healthy subjects. X-sex chromatin in the cells of biopsy mucosa was examined in 40 ulcer patients, taken from the ulcer area after gastroscopy. As a control, X-sex chromatin was studied in smears from exfoliated oral mucosa in the same subjects. The data confirm the presence of genetic predisposition to ulcer disease development in subjects from blood group O (alpha, beta) and non-secretory type. Low titres of blood group antigens were found in the secretory patients. Differences in X-sex chromating characteristics were observed between bucal mucosa and the mucosa from the ulcer area.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

[Sex chromatin in a population of patients of 2 psychiatric hospitals].

The purposes of the present study were, first, to determine the proportion of hospitalized psychiatric patients with sex chromatin aberrations and, second, to map the frequency of cells containing Barr bodies as a function of the age of patient. Of the 531 male patients studied, 0.7 per cent contained one or more Barr bodies; 0.5 per cent of the 587 female patients analyzed gave evidence of sex chromatin anomalies. No correlation could be demonstrated between the frequency of cells with Barr bodies and the age of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Sex chromatin and cytogenetic survey of 10417 adult males and 357 children institutionalized in Belgian institutions for mentally retarded patients.

A survey of adult male immates of the major institutions for mental patients in Belgium was undertaken in 1965. Out of 10417 males examined 61 had positive sex chromatin (5.8%); 201 had bilateral small testis (1.9%), 4 hypogonad patients carried a D/D translocation. Out of 857 karyotyped children, 2.9% carried an autosomal or sex-chromosomal anomaly other than trisomy G. This prevalence of chromosomal anomalies in children with low I.Q. (less than 50) emphasizes the need for further studies.

Adolescent↗