Convergence of human age-sex distributions to an equilibrium-state age-sex distribution.
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Age Factors↗
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[Age and sex distribution of biliary lithiasis].
The authors analyze the age and sex distribution of cholelithiasis in 388 patients. Cholelithiasis in those patients is diagnosed by X-ray method and in 24 of them -- was verified at operation. The incidence of cholelithiasis patients increases with age advancing. The percentage of patients with cholithiasis in the age group from 21 to 30 is 8,2 per cent, to reach 24,7 per cent among the patients from the age group 61 to 70. After that age the incidence of cholelithiasis decreases and among patients over 80 - the percentage is 0,5 per cent. Females are more frequently affected than males. From all the patients examined 77,9 per cent are females and 22,1 per cent are males; the ratio is about 4:1. Younger females suffer more after than the young males and the ration ranges about 15:1.
Adolescent↗
Sex Distributions in the Most Frequent Autosomal Genetic Causes of Retinitis Pigmentosa.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore whether sex imbalances are detectable in the most frequent genetic causes of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: Databases from centers in three countries (Moorfields Eye Hospital, London; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; and Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry, Perth, Australia) were searched, quantifying numbers of male and female patients with disease attributed to variants in the six most frequently involved autosomal RP genes. Proportions of female patients (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated for each gene. Two-tailed binomial testing was performed (Bonferroni corrected threshold, P = 0.008) to investigate whether proportions differed significantly from an underlying male:female ratio of 1:1. For genes where the 95% CI did not include 50%, sex distributions were also explored in previously published cohorts. RESULTS: Our search yielded 1454 patients with disease attributable to variants in USH2A (n = 550), RP1 (n = 277), RHO (n = 246), PRPF31 (n = 158), EYS (n = 124), and MYO7A (n = 99). Proportions of female patients (95% CI) for each gene were 46.2% (42.0-50.5%), 49.5% (43.4-55.5%), 55.3% (48.8-61.6%), 63.9% (55.9-71.3%), 39.5% (31.0-48.7%), and 42.4% (32.7-52.8%), respectively. The 95% CI did not include 50% for PRPF31 and EYS; binomial testing revealed P values of 6.24 × 10-4 and 0.025, respectively. Combining with data extracted from previously published cohorts yielded P values of 1.62 × 10-6 and 0.0084, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a significant preponderance of female patients for PRPF31-associated RP and a preponderance of male patients in those with EYS-associated RP. Our findings suggest that sex is likely to be a modifier affecting penetrance in PRPF31-associated disease and might act in the opposite direction in disease associated with EYS.
Humans↗
Sex distribution of DSM-III personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients.
The author determined the sex distribution of 170 outpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of personality disorder measured by standardized instruments and compared his findings with DSM-III predictions. They confirmed the prediction of more women diagnosed as having histrionic personality disorder and more men diagnosed as having paranoid, compulsive, and antisocial personality disorders. The predicted excess of women diagnosed as having borderline and dependent personality disorders was not confirmed.
Ambulatory Care↗
[Age and sex distribution of sexually transmitted diseases in Valladolid. A study of 5076 cases].
The age and sex distribution of 5,076 cases of S.T.D. dealt with between 1982 and 1988 at the Dermatological Dispensary of the Territorial Social Welfare Service in Valladolid are studied. The maximum frequency of S.T.D. (24.1% of cases) corresponded to the age group between 21 and 25 years, which was also the period for maximum prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (26.3%), Gardnerella vaginalis (30.7%), Candida albicans (27.4%) and acuminata condyloma (33.4%). Syphilis (19.9%), Chlamydia trachomatis (27%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (24.6%), Mycoplasma hominis (25.0%), Trichomonas vaginalis (23.0%) and genital herpes had maximum prevalence in the group between 26 and 30 years. Women were affected at younger ages than males. 16.9% of women with some S.T.D. were between 16 and 20 years of age, while only 6.5% of males with S.T.D. were in this age-group (p less than 0.001).
Adolescent↗
Age and sex distribution of intestinal type and diffuse gastric carcinoma.
A twelve-year series of 375 patients with gastric carcinoma has been studied. Primary tumours were classified as intestinal type (58%) or diffuse (26%), whereas 16% were unclassifiable. The relative age and sex incidence rates of intestinal type and diffuse gastric carcinoma were estimated using the age and sex distribution of individuals in Norway as the basis for calculation. There was no difference in the rates of diffuse gastric carcinoma between the sexes. On the other hand, the rate of men with intestinal type carcinoma was more than twice as high as that of women. This difference was consistent within each age group from adolescence to senescence. The findings indicate that Laurén's two types of gastric carcinoma are aetiologically different. The rates of both types increased with age up to the 70-79 age group, whereas the rates in octogenarians tended to be lower than in septuagenarians. A comparison of our data with the data of incidence of gastric cancer in Norway indicates that some of the older patients do not come for surgery.
Adult↗
Visual impairment in Nordic children. IV. Sex distribution.
A Nordic study group of ophthalmologists, NORDSYN, has compiled registers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway of 2527 visually impaired children aged 0-17 years. This paper is concerned with the sex-distribution in the registers and has documented a statistically significant excess of males in two of the registers (Denmark and Finland). The dominance of males seems to be related to two main conditions: 1. Genetic factors. 2. Perinatal factors. The genetic factors are mainly concerned with X-linked inheritance. The fact that perinatal influences involve visual impairment in males more than in females is difficult to account for. It may be conjectured, that the basis for perinatal visual damage is determined by unknown prenatal, possibly genetic, factors.
Adolescent↗
Sex distribution of adult idiopathic detrusor instability in relation to childhood bedwetting.
The urodynamic case records of 1000 consecutive men and women were reviewed to study the link between idiopathic detrusor instability (DI) and childhood nocturnal enuresis and to determine whether a sex difference in this relationship may exist. Idiopathic DI was found in 10% of the men, 63% of whom had suffered from childhood bedwetting; 29% of the women had idiopathic instability, of whom 38% had been nocturnal enuretics. Thus the link between adult idiopathic DI and childhood bedwetting appeared to be stronger for men than for women. The sex distribution of subjects is not always reported in urodynamic studies of bedwetters and adults with an unstable bladder. We suggest that this should become routine practice as it may help to shed light on the aetiology of idiopathic detrusor instability.
Adolescent↗
[Statistical investigations of nosological parameters (sex distribution, diagnosis, age of onset) in 120 pairs of endogenous psychotic parent-child and sibling relationships (author's transl)].
120 pairs of parent-child and sibling relationships with endogenous psychoses--registered through 60 schizophrenic and manic-depressive probands each--are statistically investigated with regard to the nosologically and biologically relevant parameters of sex distribution, diagnosis and age of onset.
Adolescent↗
Age and sex distribution of tooth mortality among Nigerians.
The second part of a study of tooth mortality among Nigerians is reported. In an earlier report (Odusanya, 1985), five major causes of tooth loss were identified. Periodontal disease and dental caries accounted for 90% of all losses. The present report however, focussed on the age and sex distribution of tooth mortality. It was discovered that tooth mortality in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life was the highest. Within this short interval, 46.7% of the entire tooth loss recorded in this study took place. Of this percentage, dental caries accounted for 34%. The results of this study suggest an impending dental disease epidemic in Nigeria which can be avoided if early attention is paid to the prevention of an imminent dental caries explosion. Maximum benefit is likely to be derived from paying particular attention to the population below the 2nd decade of life. During the 4th decade of life the incidences of dental caries and periodontal disease were approximately equal. After the 4th decade however, periodontal disease was the primary aetiologic factor for tooth mortality among Nigerians. The average tooth loss per patient was 1.48 for males and 1.53 for females.
Adolescent↗
Defects of the central nervous system in Finland: I. Variations in time and space, sex distribution, and parental age.
Data from the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations for the years 1965-73 were used in a search for associations between environmental influences and defects of the central nervous system (CNS). The material consisted of 710 cases of CNS defects and their matched-pair controls. Moreover, and 'internal' control group of 259 cases of polydactyly and their matched-pair controls were used. The first report gives information on variations in time and space, sex distribution, and parental age. A higher incidence of anencephaly was noted in the eastern part of the country, but no significant secular or seasonal variations were found. The sex ratio (M/F) was lower than expected in the groups of anencephaly and CNS defects as a whole. High parental age turned out to be a risk factor in the group of all CNS defects, mainly owing to the subgroup of hydrocephaly. The dangers of observational studies due to confounding factors are discussed.
Adult↗
Seasonality, incidence, and sex distribution of cleft lip and palate births in Trent Region, 1973-1982.
The birth dates of 930 children born in the Trent Region 1973-1982 with a diagnosis corresponding to cleft palate, or cleft lip with or without cleft palate, was obtained from Hospital Activity Analysis. These data were analyzed to look at the incidence of clefting, sex distribution, and seasonal variation. The results obtained show a significant peak incidence of cleft palate births in August and September, with a low incidence in March to May. Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, shows a different seasonal trend, with peak occurrence in December and January and a low frequency in May and June. These seasonal trends may act as a pointer to the environmental factors active in the multifactorial etiology of cleft lip and cleft palate.
Cleft Lip↗
Sex distribution and common allergens of bronchial asthma in a Saudi Arabian (eastern province) population.
In a study carried out between 1982-1986, 68 asthmatic patients of different ages were followed-up in the Outpatient Department of the King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar. Fifty-two patients were Saudis (78%) while the rest were of other nationalities (22%). The sex distribution was 39 (55.9%) females and 30 males (44%). Routine and skin tests were performed; the IgE was in 70% elevated. The commonest allergens among these patients were house dust, cat danders and D. Pteronyssinus. Females were significantly more affected than males, particularly in the ages between 20-30 years. Among the multiple causes, the local ones such as customs are postulated.
Adolescent↗
[Tumor frequency in autopsy cases. I: frequency, age and sex distribution, primary localization (author's transl)].
The analysis is based on the catalogue of neoplasms notifiable in the German Democratic Republic (ICD-Code Nrs. 140-209, 210.2, 211.3, 211.9, 225, 226.2, 226.3, 253.0, 253.2, 702, 757.2). At the Medical Academy of Erfurt 22,155 autopsies (12,212 males, 9,943 females) of adults (15 years and upwards) were registrated in the period from 1950 to 1966. 7,533 malignant tumours (34.2%) were observed. 99 cases were eliminated because of an unknown localization of the primary tumour. The remaining 7,442 cases (33.6%) are distributed among 3,987 males (326% of males) and 3,455 females (34,7% of females). The frequency difference based on the autopsy frequency of males or females, is distinct. Malignant epithelial tumours were observed in 5,559 cases (253% of autopsies; 752% of malignant tumours); 2,945 males and 2,654 females. The frequency difference also is distinct. Malignant nonepithelial tumours were observed in 1,843 cases (83% of autopsies, 24.8% of malignant tumours); 1,042 males and 801 females. There is no difference in frequency. Age and sex distribution as well as the relative curve of age distribution (Dormanns 1933) are presented for all the tumours, epithelial and nonepithelial neoplasms. The frequency of primary tumour-localization is reported for males and females, too. In males the frequency is in the following order: lung, stomach, hemopoetic-lymphatic system, colon and central nervous system; in females: sex organs (without mamma), stomach, colon, hemopoetic-lymphatic system and central nervous system.
Adolescent↗
Relationship between pure Schistosoma haematobium infection in Upper Egypt and irrigation systems. Part II: Host characteristics. The general prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium, age and sex distribution.
The epidemiology of bilharziasis was studied in four villages in Assiut Governorate. These villages were almost similar with respect to their socioeconomic conditions, modes of living, availability and date of introduction of medical services. The first village, Gezirat El-Maabda, has a basin system of irrigation. The other three villages had shifted to the perennial system of irrigation for three years in Nazza Karrar, 26 years in El-Ghorayeb and 95 years in Garf Sarhan and were similar with respect to proximity to water courses. So the only variable of importance between the four villages was the mode of irrigation. Bilharziasis was diagnosed by detection of eggs in urine or faeces. A definitive relationship between the prevalence of S. haematobium infection and the type of irrigation system was further documented. A low prevalence was found in Gezirat El-Maabda (2.95%). In the other three villages a much higher prevalence existed (31.9%, 46.2% & 38.9% in Nazza Karar, El-Ghorayeb and Garf Sarhan respectively). The higher prevalence of S. haematobium in Nazza Karar (31.9%) only three years after introduction of perennial irrigation was a disappointing finding. It can be considered as an evidence against the elaborate measures and precautions planned and incompletely implemented before or after the establishment of Aswan High Dam. Not a single case of S. mansoni was encountered during this study. As regards the age and sex distribution of S. haematobium in the three villages irrigated perennially, a steep rise started at the age group 5-9 years reaching a peak at the age group 10-14 years. In Gezirat El-Maabda the peak was reached at later age (15-19 years). The cause of this difference was explained. Males showed a higher rate of infection than females in almost all age groups of the four village studied.
Adolescent↗
Herpes zoster: correlation of age, sex, distribution, neuralgia, and associated disorders.
The influence of sex and age on the distribution of lesions, incidence of postherpetic neuralgia, and related disorders in herpes zoster is reported. Results were obtained by reviewing the records of 140 outpatients with herpes zoster seen over a ten-year period. Trigeminal involvement and post-herpetic neuralgia were more common in patients over 50 years of age. The most common sites of lesions in all ages were the thoracic dermatomes, between T-1 and T-8. The distribution of lesions and the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia did not vary between the sexes. High incidences of diabetes and cataracts were found to be associated with herpes zoster infection. Clinical carcinoma of the prostate was a frequent finding in men with herpes zoster over age 50. In those patients with malignancies, there was no correlation between distribution of zoster lesions and location of malignancy.
Adolescent↗
[Effect of aging on the sex distribution of depressive disorders].
The effects of age on sex differences in depression were studied in an inpatient-sample of the Department of Psychiatry, Free University Berlin. The dependent variable depression was defined by nosological classification (ICD) and by the severity of the Depressive Syndrome of the AMP-Rating Scale on admission. With the exception of the 40-49 years olds women were more often diagnosed as depression compared to men, the preponderance of women was significant till the age of 40. With regard to the Depressive Syndrome women manifested a more pronounced symptomatology up to the age of 70. The difference diminished for male and female patients 50-69 years old and changed to a higher score for men older than 70. The results were discussed in comparison to other findings published in the last years.
Adolescent↗
Sex distribution, age of onset and HLA profiles in two types of multiple sclerosis. A role for sex hormones and microbial infections in the development of autoimmunity?
Fifty-four patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis were typed for HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens. HLA-DQ was not a better disease marker than the previously described HLA-DR and B markers. The patients were subdivided according to the clinical evolution of their disease, age at onset and sex. HLA-DR2 was significantly associated with females having a relapsing-remitting course of the disease and HLA-B8 and B35 were significantly associated with males having a chronic-progressive course of the disease. A role is postulated for defects in the sex hormone balance in females and for microbial infections in males as dominant environmental triggers in the development of autoreactivity.
Adult↗