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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Brief Report: Beyond Testing: Exploring the Psychosocial Impact of HIV Self-Testing Among Ugandan Gender-Diverse Sex Workers.

BACKGROUND: The psychosocial effect of HIV self-testing (HIVST) on sex workers' self-esteem, depression, alcohol misuse, perceived sex work stigma, and empowerment remains poorly characterized. We hypothesized that HIVST would reduce sex work stigma and improve these psychosocial outcomes by enabling private, autonomous testing and reducing exposure to stigmatizing healthcare encounters. SETTING: Kampala, Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Empower study (NCT03426670), an open-label randomized trial in which 117 cisgender female, transgender female, and cisgender male sex workers were assigned 1:1 to monthly HIVST plus quarterly clinic-based testing, or to quarterly clinic-based testing alone, and followed for 12 months. Self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), depressive symptoms (PHQ-2), alcohol misuse (RAPS4), perceived sex work stigma (adapted Female Sex Worker Stigma Scale), and empowerment were assessed quarterly. Mixed-effects regression models, adjusted for baseline values, evaluated intervention effects. RESULTS: Data from 117 participants were analyzed, including 7 early disenrollments. Over 12 months, HIVST participants reported significantly lower perceived sex work stigma than standard of care participants (β = -0.38, P = 0.04; monthly reduction P = 0.003), although the rate of decline did not differ significantly between arms (interaction P = 0.08). Self-esteem and depressive symptoms improved in both arms, with no between-arm differences (interaction P = 0.41 and 0.32). Alcohol misuse and empowerment showed no significant arm differences. CONCLUSION: HIVST may reduce sex work stigma without adverse psychosocial effects, supporting its integration into combination HIV prevention for gender-diverse sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Work-health relationships in middle-aged and elderly residents of a Jerusalem community.

Work-health relationships were examined cross-sectionally in 1886 men and women aged greater than or equal to 50 years in Jerusalem in 1985-1987, in the third round of a multipurpose longitudinal community health study. The main occupational variables were employment status, reasons for not working, and satisfaction with work. Sex and age were controlled in all comparisons. Workers were clearly healthier than nonworkers with respect to general, physical and emotional health, and people who had given up work were less healthy than those still working, whether they had stopped for health reasons, only because of their age, or only for extrinsic reasons (retrenchment or dismissal). Workers who expressed satisfaction with their work were healthier than others, the odds ratio in favour of good general health being 2.4 at 50-64 and 2.5 at greater than or equal to 65 years of age. The associations between job satisfaction and health remained apparent when education and origin were controlled. Multivariate analyses suggested that the associations were not spurious ones attributable to proneness to report both dissatisfaction and ill-health. Job dissatisfaction was not significantly associated with angina pectoris, possible myocardial infarction, or hypertension. Taken at their face value, the findings support the impact of job satisfaction or its determinants on the health of middle-aged and elderly men and women. The associations will be re-appraised in the longitudinal analysis of the study data.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Multifactorial analysis of renal transplants reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing Registry.

1. From a multivariate log-linear analysis of 35,625 renal transplants between 1988 and 1991, center effects accounted for 28%, 45%, and 27% of all assignable variation in 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year outcomes, respectively. Although center variation dominated 22 other variables, most factors were relatively independent of transplant center (ie, a percent of factor variation due center less than 10%). Recipient race and health status were notable exceptions; both highly influenced by center affiliation. Centers also differed in the age mix of recipients and racial mix of donors in some epochs. Again, we found only extremely weak correlations among a center's 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year graft survival rates. 2. In order of 3-month accountability, the other important factors were PRA, donor age, recipient working status, year of transplant, HLA-A,B mismatching, previous transplant, donor's death, donor relationship, recipient race, body mass, recipient age, cold ischemia time, donor race, donor kidney mode (ie, left/right kidney), original disease, and HLA-DR mismatching. Regarding 1-year outcome, the important factors were recipient race, donor age, donor's death, donor relationship, HLA-A,B mismatching, previous transplant, and recipient sex. Finally at 2 years, the important factors were recipient race, donor age, year of transplant, donor relationship, recipient sex, working status, donor's death, recipient age, CMV status, body mass, and donor sex. 3. Body mass, donor kidney mode, and CMV status were novel factors in our own multifactorial analyses of the UNOS Registry file. An elevated body-mass index (> 30 kg/m2) had a negative impact on short- and long-term graft survival. Recipients receiving left kidneys had nominal improvement in 3-month graft survival, but no impact thereafter. Survival rates over the 4 combinations of donor/recipient CMV statuses, suggest that this covariate was principally long-term and donor related. 4. It is noteworthy that graft failures in the 2 most recent transplant years, 1990 and 1991, have shown both short- and long-term declines, breaking stationary patterns previously reported in this series on clinical transplants. 5. The transitory nature of most transplantation factors was confirmed in this study, implying that future multifactorial studies in renal transplantation must include some mechanism for varying risks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Clinico-statistical data on 1,478 cases of burns admitted to the Burn Center of the Plastic Surgery Institute of the University of Parma in the 10-year period of 1967-76].

After having shortly illustrated the work's purpose, the Authors start to examine the statistics obtained in a research developed on 1,478 burned patients admitted at the burn center of the Institute of Plastic Surgery of Parma's University from 1967 to 1976. By and by are taken into consideration the statistics concerning age, sex, work, the percentage of burned body surface, the burn's causes, the mortality due to burns and the time spent in hospital. The most important data are those that come out from the comparison of the data that the N.B.I.E. considers optimal for a burn center, and those of the Burn Center of Parma, that have resulted practically the same. At the end of the work are related some considerations concerning the necessity of a bigger prevention of the illness and of collaboration with the other italian Burn Centers.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1976

[Ergometric determination of cardiac output in 1500 Swiss children and adults of both sexes, aged 5 to 65 years. Relation to body constitution, sex, age and work capacity in the step test (Part 2)].

The stroke volume of the heart during exercise in upright position (steptest) was determined in 1500 Swiss children and adults of either sex, aged 5 to 65 years. The use of the simplified ergometric method (Strehler) allowed to carry out these determinations mainly in series and without any difficulty. Average absolute values are presented for each year during childhood and adolescence and for each decade in the period of adult life. The stroke volume is lower in the female than in the male group; this refers to absolute values as well as to values relative to body size. The absolute values are approximately proportional to body weight, to the cube of body height and to a standard volume calculated from body height and body weight. There is a typical age-depending course of the relationship between stroke volume and body size (standard volume), the development of the stroke volume showing a minimum before and a maximum during puberty. Provided work load in per cent of the maximal working capacity is the same the stroke volume of the heart during exercise in upright position remains unchanged until the age of about 55 to 60 years. The practical scope of the investigation was to collect data for the setting up of a new stroke volume standard.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Assessing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in T2T-aligned 1000 genomes project.

Quality control of markers in genome-wide association studies often includes testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). However, this is usually implemented in a homogeneous population without stratifying by sex. Previous work indicates sex-based selection at numerous autosomal loci in cohorts with active recruitment. Sex chromosome sequences can also interfere with autosomal SNPs. These motivate a re-examination of HWE in sex-aware analyses. Using the telomere-to-telomere (T2Tv2)-aligned high-coverage whole genome sequencing data from 2,490 individuals in the 1000 Genomes Project, we examined genome-wide sex-specific deviations from HWE across five super-populations. Our analyses were restricted to bi-allelic SNPs with non-missing genotypes and minor allele frequency (MAF) &#x2265;5% in both sexes of the five super-populations. We applied an allele-based framework to quantify both the magnitude and direction of Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (HWD), followed by a second-order omnibus meta-analysis that combined HWD results across populations and sexes. At a genome-wide significance threshold of p&#x2009;<&#x2009;5e-8, 0.9% of autosomal SNPs exhibited significant deviations from HWE. The majority of these deviations were associated with genomic features indicative of poor sequence quality. Restricting the analysis to reliable genomic regions substantially reduced the number of signals, yielding 255 autosomal SNPs and one non-pseudoautosomal chromosome X SNP. Among these, 140 autosomal SNPs displayed significant heterogeneity across populations but not across sexes. Notably, eight SNPs within a 15-bp region on chromosome 14q31.3 showed excess heterozygosity in both sexes of the African super-population (AFR). Finally, we developed a multivariate predictor of HWD based on sequence features, providing a practical tool that can be integrated into existing quality control pipelines for whole genome sequencing studies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Sex-role orientation and work adaptation of male nurses.

Three competing hypotheses regarding the influence of sex-role orientation on work-stress (pressure and strain at work) and work-attraction (work centrality and satisfaction) adaptation of 154 male nurses were contrasted. The findings reveal that even in a female-dominated profession, masculine-type male nurses were, on the whole, the best adapted type while the feminine-type male nurses were the least. The androgynous-type nurses, though ranking high in pressure and strain stemming from their work, nevertheless ranked highest in work satisfaction. In contrast, the undifferentiated were not stressed nor pressured at work, but they did not enjoy their work. These analyses were repeated for 54 female nurses. Among the female nurses no significant differences were found between the four sex role orientations, indicating that the differences found among the male nurses stemmed from the special situation in which a male nurse finds himself. It is suggested that change in the nature of the nursing profession into more "masculine" tasks also may partially explain the results.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors of HIV-1 infection among female prostitutes in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand.

HIV infection has increased to epidemic proportions in Thailand since 1987. There have been separate epidemics among population groups at high risk of infection and significant increases in different localities. The northeast region of Thailand has been affected by the epidemic since early 1989. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with HIV transmission among prostitutes during an early phase of the epidemic in the regional center of Khon Kaen. Three hundred and fifty-six prostitutes known to work in the urban area of Khon Kaen (Ampur Muang) in November 1990 were included in the study. Prostitutes were divided into two groups according to the type of place where they worked: direct prostitutes (in brothels, n = 217) and indirect prostitutes (in massage parlors, n = 139). The prevalence of HIV infection was found to be 12% among direct prostitutes and 2% among indirect prostitutes. Four variables were significantly associated with HIV infection after adjusting for confounders by logistic regression analysis: previous work in an area of high HIV prevalence, working in Khon Kaen less than one month, a low price charged for sex and using injectable contraceptives. Follow-up investigations are currently being carried out to explore in detail the association between the use of injectable contraceptives and HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Factors associated with successful vocational rehabilitation in persons with arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with successful vocational rehabilitation (return to work) among persons receiving state-federal vocational rehabilitation services because of work disability from arthritis. METHODS: Multivariate analyses were used to determine the association of sociodemographic, disease-related, and agency factors with work outcome among a group of 456 persons with arthritis receiving state-federal vocational rehabilitation services during 1985-1988. RESULTS: Agency-sponsored physical restoration services (P less than 0.0001) and retraining (P less than 0.0001) were the variables most strongly correlated with return to work. Age, sex, race, disease severity, financial status, and educational level assessed at intake were not significantly associated with work rehabilitation outcome. CONCLUSION: Factors potentially amenable to agency intervention were more strongly associated with work rehabilitation outcome than were sociodemographic or disease-related variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Prostitution--a sequela of sexual abuse].

AIDS has consolidated the isolated state of prostitutes and stigmatized them as HIV carriers. Due to the threat of AIDS, the Berlin senate has worked out a programme for prostitutes. For the programme to succeed, knowledge of the causes of prostitution is a prerequisite, such as sexual abuse during childhood and adolescence. The sexually abused who have gone without psychological help are prone to prostitution. The work and its evaluation by a psychologist is presented to help counselling Services on Venereal Diseases in their work.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

A survey of sexual behaviour of Singaporeans.

In order to plan education programmes against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV infection, a population-based survey on partner relations was conducted on 2,115 Singaporean men and women aged between 15 and 49 years. Of the 605 (60.1%) sexually experienced men and 647 (58.3%) sexually experienced women, 510 (84.3%) men and 644 (99.5%) women were married. Of the marrieds, 465 (76.9%) men and 638 (98.6%) women had their first sexual encounter with the person who was or later became their spouse. Of the sexually experienced men, 97 (16%) engaged in casual sex in the previous year, of which 76 (78.4%) were encounters with commercial sex workers. Of these encounters 55 (72.4%) were unprotected or partially protected by condoms. A history of casual sex in the previous four weeks was given by 18 men, of whom 14 (77.8%) were married. Nine (64.3%) of these married men had sex concurrently with both their wives and commercial workers. Persons at high risk were those who started sexual activity early, unmarried, sexually active men with no or low education, and persons who travelled. Of the sexually experienced respondents, 1,242 (99.2%) had heard about condoms, and 431 (34.4%) were currently using them as contraceptive devices. Attitudes towards condoms and willingness to use them to prevent STDs and HIV infection were favourable. Men were more permissive in their attitudes towards sex. The level of permissiveness in men and women was not corroborated by their reported behaviour, an indication of either under-reporting and/or a disparity between attitude and practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Interactions between persons at risk for AIDS and the general population in Denmark.

A nationwide study of sexual behavior was undertaken among 4,680 randomly selected Danes aged 18-59 years. The median number of sexual partners (lifetime) was highest for men aged 30-34 years (eight partners) and for women aged 25-29 years (seven partners). After adjustment for age and sex, having had greater than or equal to 5 sexual partners in the past year was strongly associated with living in larger cities, intravenous drug use, and having sex with a prostitute, a bisexual man, an intravenous drug user, or a resident of sub-Saharan Africa. The frequency of ever having had anal intercourse was highest among women aged 20-34 years (range, 27%-36%) and was independently associated only with increasing number of sexual partners (lifetime). Overall, 2.7% of men reported any homosexual experience, among whom most (88%) had also had heterosexual intercourse. Prostitute contact (ever) was reported by 13% of all men and was associated with a high educational level, a history of travel, a greater number of sexual partners, and intravenous drug use. Overall, sexual contact with someone considered at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (a homosexual/bisexual man, intravenous drug user, prostitute, or sub-Saharan African resident) was reported by 15.9% of men and 4.8% of women. Among active blood donors (past year), 12.5% of men and 4.0% of women had engaged in potentially risky behavior. HIV testing was deliberately sought more often by respondents exposed to someone at increased risk of HIV infection (10.6%) than by those unexposed (6.5%, p less than 0.01). Exposure to persons at risk of HIV infection is considerable in Denmark. The majority of persons who have had potential exposure to HIV have not yet been tested for HIV.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1992

[The reappearance of chancroid in Algeria].

After 35 observations of the chancroid observed in the department of dermato-venereology of the University Hospital of Tlemcen (West Algeria) from August 1988 to December 1991, we are led to analyze the flare of this sexual transmitted disease. The principal affected subjects are single male no older than 30 years, having had sexual intercourse with prostitutes (30/35). Less than 10 days (19/29) after the sexual contacts, the ulcer appears, and most often unique (25/35), mildly painful, accompanied frequently by adenopathies (31/35). The contamination took place mainly in Bel Abbès--city located at 90 km from Tlemcen--(12 cases), in Tlemcen (4 cases) and Morocco (5 cases). The treatment based on sulfonamides, erythromycin and tetracycline or doxycycline, has been constantly efficient. No concomitant HIV infection has been revealed. The chancroid is the first STD observed in our department in 1991, and also, the first cause for genital ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[AIDS counseling in social welfare for prostitutes in the rural area].

Prostitute welfare and AIDS counselling are in the hands of one person in the rural area of the Westerland district. This offers the opportunity of continuously preventing this disease and giving guidance and the "human touch" in close care in case of a possible infection, especially in view of the lower number of cases examined and advised compared with the figures in the big cities. An anonymous poll among 41 prostitutes shows that they approve of and are satisfied with the concept of the "G-welfare". It also shows that the prostitutes themselves are hardly aware of the HIV-risk, that their customers only rarely accept condoms and that there are problems in the use and the toleration of condoms. These difficulties are the main aspects of the preventive work, as well as the psycho-social care and the personal relationship to those examining.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗