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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Sexually transmitted viral disease in women.

During the past decade, the incidence of sexually transmitted viral diseases has increased dramatically. In many cases, diagnosis is difficult, consequences are severe, and curative therapy is not available at present. In this article, Drs Peaceman and Gonik review current evidence about sexual transmission of viruses and discuss the latest methods of diagnosis, management, and prevention.

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Current aspects of chemotherapy of sexually transmitted viral diseases].

In recent years, among all sexually transmitted infectious agents, viral infections were indisputably at the head. In this group, genital herpes is one of the substantial infections. Acyclovir, valcyclovir and famcyclovir are the compounds applied in the treatment of Herpes simplex infections. In the therapy with an application of alternative drugs, the possibility of foscarnet should be inquired. These drugs have precise documentation on an application in the treatment of herpetic symptoms of acute infections. However, they do not influence, in radical way, the prevention of relapse of the disease. In spite of their universal and generally accessible application, they also do not influence the interruption of transmission of infection. It seems, that in the nearest perspective, there are hopes associated with introduction of effective and active immunization or, less probable, an introduction of the drug or method of the treatment terminating latency.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Viral sexually transmitted diseases and their treatments].

In occidental countries, the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) originate mostly from virus: human papillomavirus (HPV) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV). During the latest 15 to 20 years, their prevalence has been regularly growing. Those viruses have in common a capacity for latency. The persistence of the virus in keratinocytes (PVH) or in ganglionic cells (HSV) and the lack of an efficient preventive or final curative treatment have several consequences: 1) a possible capacity of transmitting itself during sexual intercourse in the absence of clinical lesions, 2) a potency to recur all along the life especially when the organism suffer from immunodepression (patients with graft, chimiotherapy or AIDS). The oncogenic capacity of some HPV subtypes in anogenital cancers is now recognized. Those neoplasias are observed most often in immunodepressed patients but are nevertheless classically found in the uterine cervix of immunocompetent women. Genital herpes is often clinically diagnosed but its confirmation is obtained through isolating the HSV from the liquid of the vesicles or from a swab of the lesion. Biopsy is not usually useful. For HPVs, it is different since culture of papillomavirus is not possible. Diagnosis can then be get through biopsy: specific features (koïlocytes) or HPV identification. Treatments are also totally different. Since the appearance of aciclovir, followed by valaciclovir and famciclovir, antiviral drugs are available against herpes. There is no antiviral drug against HPV. The HPV infections are treated through destroying the clinical lesions: laser, cryotherapy, podophylline...

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed2005

Sexually-transmitted viral diseases in women: clinical and epidemiological aspects and advances in laboratory diagnosis.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have long been known, but they have only recently been recognized as causes of significant long-term morbidity, mainly as a result of increased knowledge concerning viral STDs. The relationship of these diseases with conditions such as anogenital cancer and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has made viral STDs an important issue in the healthcare of women and infants, and in reproductive health. The evolution of the AIDS pandemic is now characterized by growing differences between rich and poor nations. New diagnostic tools include rapid tests of blood, urine and saliva samples. New techniques, such as computerized cytology, have been developed for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV). Women infected with HIV are at a greater risk of being co-infected with HPV, and they are also more prone to the progression and persistence of HPV lesions. The herpes simplex virus presents high rates of co-infection with HIV, and it plays a particularly important role in increasing transmission rates of this virus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Viral sexually transmitted disease vaccine acceptability among college students.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vaccines are an important strategy for the control of infectious diseases; however, they are only successful if accepted. The object of this study was to examine factors that could affect vaccine acceptance among college students for 2 sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). GOAL: The goal was to examine the impact of gender and specific rationales on STD vaccine acceptance using health behavior theories. STUDY DESIGN: Participants completed a questionnaire regarding attitudes about hypothetical STD vaccines. RESULTS: Seventy-four percent of each group endorsed acceptance. Factors influencing genital herpes vaccine acceptance were parents' feelings, belief in vaccination, universal recommendation, numerous partners, a belief that acquisition makes finding partners difficult, and low cost. Human papillomavirus vaccine factors were parents' feelings, universal recommendation, numerous partners, safety, and low cost. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that most college students would accept STD vaccination. Factors affecting acceptance were similar for both pathogens. The results suggest acceptance will be positively affected by health policies encouraging universal vaccination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between immunoclinical status and prevalence of viral sexually transmitted diseases among human immunodeficiency virus-1 seropositive patients in Ghana.

In view of the strong association between the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), we screened 182 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected patients over a 15-month period for serological markers to previously encountered or current STDs, most of viral etiology. The relationship between their immunological and clinical status and the prevalence of STDs was assessed and compared with that of 88 HIV-seronegative patients. Hepatitis B virus and Treponema pallidum were the most frequently occurring pathogens in both HIV-1-infected and HIV-seronegative patients. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was also observed in both groups, but no HIV-seronegative patient was infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The Centers for Disease Control clinical staging of A1 through C3, representing asymptomatic to severe AIDS conditions, was observed in HIV-1 patients with or without STDs. A mean CD4 count of 288 cells per microliter (95% CI of 237-340 cells per microliter) in HIV-1 patients was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in HIV-seronegative individuals with 1019 cells per microliter (95% CI of 924-1115 cells per microliter), irrespective of whether subjects in either group had previous or current STDs. The mean CD4 count of patients with a single infection from HIV-1 was not significantly different (P = 0.36) from that of HIV-1 patients with multiple infections. HIV-1 infection alone appears to be responsible for the marked immunodeficiency status of seropositive patients observed in this study.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Antimicrobial therapy of non-viral sexually transmitted diseases--an update.

Azithromycin is an azalide antibiotic with important properties which allow it to be used as a single-dose treatment for genital Chlamydia trachomatic infections. A single 1 g dose is as effective as a standard seven-day course of doxycycline. Ofloxacin 400 mg bid for seven days is also effective against Chlamydia trachomatis. Both azithromycin 2 g and ofloxacin are also effective against uncomplicated gonorrhoea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae continues to be sensitive to third generation cephalosporins, e.g. ceftriaxone 125 mg. Oral single dose cephalosporins offer ease of administration and safety, e.g. cefixime (400 mg), cefuroxime axetil (1 g) and cefpodoxime proxetil (200 mg). The fluoroquinolones, e.g. ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and ofloxacin (400 mg), are being increasingly used as first-line medications, however, caution is recommended as the development of resistance is anticipated and already being detected in many areas. Syphilis continues to be sensitive to penicillin. This should be administered parenterally. Coexistent human immunodeficiency virus infection may make standard therapy inadequate, and closer follow-up is recommended. Therapy with non-penicillin antibiotics is still inadequately studied. Chancroid is treated with ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, or erythromycin. In some areas, resistance to tetracyclines and TMP-SMX has made these drugs ineffective as first-line treatments. Bacterial vaginosis is effectively treated with a single dose of metronidazole 1 g or 500 mg bid over seven days. Similar regimens are also effective against trichomoniasis. Vulvovaginal candidiasis can be treated with topical imidazole preparations or oral antifungal medications.

Chancroid↗