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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Myology of the shoulder of Pontoporia blainvillei, including a review of the literature on shoulder morphology in the cetacea.

The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the shoulder myology of the La Plata River Dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, and to review the literature on cetacean shoulder myology. Three fetal and one adult animal were used for the collection of morphological information. Pontoporia is less specialized in its shoulder anatomy that most delphinid cetaceans, and shares several characteristics with some mysticetes. The omohyoid and anterior serratus anterior muscles are found in both Pontoporia and the mysticete Balaenoptera, but are absent in most delphinids. The pectoralis abdominalis and three rhomboideus divisions are found in Pontoporia and Kogia, but in only a few delphinid species described in the literature. It is suggested that these characteristics are associated with a generalized use of the forelimb in Pontoporia.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Soft tissue disorders of the shoulder. Frozen shoulder, calcific tendintis, and bicipital tendinitis.

The painful periarticular conditions about the shoulder joint-calcific tendinitis, bicipital tendinitis, and frozen shoulder syndrome-are seen commonly in the general practice of medicine or in the practice of orthopedic surgery. Their etiologies are unknown. Their treatment is relatively simple and depends upon a knowledge of the anatomic structures involved and the proper use of rest and exercise. Operative intervention is rarely necessary in any of these conditions. The frozen shoulder syndrome, however, in our experience is best treated in the subacute or chronic stages by infiltration brisement under general anesthesia.

Bursitis↗
PubMed1979

Wheelchair user's shoulder? Shoulder pain in patients with spinal cord lesions.

A questionnaire was circulated to the 708 members of the Spinal Cord Injuries Association in 1976. The response rate was 79.5%. Over one half (51.4%) of the respondents suffered from shoulder pain, an incidence in excess of any age group in a control population derived from a general practitioner's register. The pain, which was related particularly to wheelchair usage and other attendant factors such as transfers, was in some instances clearly in the shoulder, whereas in others it was more likely to be cervical root pain. The implication of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Increased association of diabetes mellitus with capsulitis of the shoulder and shoulder-hand syndrome.

Sixty consecutive patients with capsulitis of the shoulder (including those with shoulder-hand syndrome) seen in our clinic since 1971 underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (5 with previously recognized diabetes were excluded from this test). Capsulitis was primary in 35, secondary to other factors in 25 subjects. Females (34) out-numbered males (26). Their ages ranged from 40 to 72 years (mean age: 54 years). Sixty control subjects matched for age and sex with the 60 "capsulitis" patients underwent the same OGTT (except one with previously recognized diabetes). We have found diabetes in 17 out of 60 patients with capsulitis according to Hayner's criteria (12 according to Jackson's criteria) versus 7 (2 according to Jackson's criteria) in the 60 control subjects. The difference is statistically significant by both methods, with a p value of less than 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMed2024

Bioinformatics analysis of ferroptosis in frozen shoulder.

OBJECTIVES: Frozen shoulder is a common shoulder disease that significantly affects the patient's life and work. Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which is involved in many diseases. However, there have been no studies reporting the relationship between frozen shoulders and ferroptosis. This study identified potential molecular markers of ferroptosis in frozen shoulders to provide more effective strategies for the treatment of frozen shoulders. METHODS: GSE238053 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and intersected with ferroptosis genes to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The signaling pathways and biological functions of DEGs were performed by WebGestalt and Metascape. The interactions related to these DEGs and the key genes between frozen shoulders and ferroptosis was performed by STRING and Cytoscape. A frozen shoulders rat model was used to validate our predicted genes, Western Blot and qRT-PCR was used to assess the expression levels of our genes of interest. RESULTS: A total of 34 DEGs between GSE238053 and Ferroptosis Database were obtained, most of which were involved in the HIF-1 signaling pathway and inflammatory response. A protein-protein interaction network was obtained by Cytoscape and the key genes (IL-6, HMOX1 and TLR4) were screened by MCODE. Our results of Western Blot showed that the protein expression level of TLR4 and HMOX1 were elevated, and the protein level of IL-6 decreased in frozen shoulders rat model. The mRNA level after frozen shoulders showed that IL-6 was upregulated, whereas TLR4 and HMOX1were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that ferroptosis may affect the pathological process of frozen shoulders through these signaling pathways and genes. The identification of IL-6, HMOX1 and TLR4 genes can provide new therapeutic targets for frozen shoulders.

Ferroptosis↗
PubMed1978

Shoulder dystocia. A complication of fetal macrosomia and prolonged second stage of labor with midpelvic delivery.

Shoulder dystocia is an infrequently encountered obstetric emergency varying in incidence from 0.15 to 0.60% of all deliveries. Previously identified risk factors include maternal obesity, previous infants weighing greater than 4 kg, maternal diabetes, and fetal macrosomia (greater than 4 kg). To evaluate the role of prolonged second stage of labor (PSS) as a warning sign for shoulder dystocia, 9864 deliveries at LAC-USC Women's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Ninety percent delivered vaginally and 4.89% had PSS with midpelvic delivery. Shoulder dystocia occurred in 0.37% of all vertex vaginal deliveries. In the absence of PSS and midpelvic delivery, the incidence of shoulder dystocia was 0.16%. However, with PSS and midpelvic delivery, the incidence of shoulder dystocia was 4.57% (P less than 0.01). Infants weighing in excess of 4 kg were at increased risk of shoulder dystocia compared with infants weighing less than 4 kg. When PSS occurred and midpelvic delivery was attempted, the incidence of shoulder dystocia was 21% in infants weighing in excess of 4 kg; 8% had had failed vaginal delivery. All shoulder dystocias and failed vaginal deliveries occurred after use of the vacuum extractor. Immediate neonatal injury was apparent in 47% of infants with shoulder dystocia after PSS with midpelvic delivery. There were no maternal or fetal deaths related to shoulder dystocia during the study period.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spectrum of lesions of the anterior capsular mechanism of the shoulder.

The anterior capsular mechanism appears to be the common denominator in a number of shoulder problems ranging from the recurrent dislocation ("too loose") to the frozen shoulder ("too tight"). The shoulder region and the anterior capsular mechanism can be carefully and accurately assessed by arthrography and cineradiography. Bicipital tenosynovitis has been held accountable for shoulder problems at each extreme of the spectrum. Bicipital tenosynovitis may exist in many shoulders; however, in corrective procedures for the unstable shoulder, the biceps becomes a dynamic reinforcement of the anterior capsule. In the frozen shoulder, the biceps tendon frequently is seen as normal at surgery and the anterior capsular mechanism is identified as the site of the essential lesion. Surgery may switch the patient's problem from one side of the spectrum to the other. Shoulder problems should be investigated thoroughly and evaluated in terms of the patient's requirements for shoulder motion as well as in terms of the orthopaedic surgeon's usual criteria for recommending corrective procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Functional analysis of the shoulder girdle of cats during locomotion.

The movements of the shoulder girdle of eight adult cats during overground stepping were studied, using standard slow motion cinematographic techniques. The patterns of activity of shoulder muscles were examined, using simultaneous intramuscular electromyography. Walking, trotting and galloping steps were analyzed from digitized single motion picture frame images. Angular movements of the shoulder girdle consist of biphasic flexion and extension of the shoulder joint and a monophasic flexion-extension alternation of the scapula on the thorax during each step cycle. In addition, the center of the scapula moves craniad during the swing phase and caudad during the stance phase with respect to a fixed reference point on the animal. Similar vertical movements of the center of the scapula also occur in each step cycle. Results of EMG studies of the 17 muscles capable of acting on the shoulder girdle indicate that three overall patterns of activity are found: (1) a pattern typical of extensor muscles, active during all the extension epochs; (2) a pattern typical of flexor muscles, active during the flexion epoch; and (3) a biphasic pattern of activity, active twice in each step. There data are used, along with a re-examination of previous models of the mechanics of the shoulder girdle of carnivores to examine the function and mechanics of shoulder motion. It is concluded that the rotary and translatory movements of the shoulder girdle during stepping combine to enhance step length.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Resection of the acromion in the treatment of persistent rotator cuff syndrome of the shoulder.

Partial or complete excision of the acromion was performed in 25 patients (29 shoulders) with long-standing pain in the shoulder typical of rotator cuff syndrome. There was no verified history of trauma in nine cases (13 shoulders), while injury was the cause of pain in 16 patients (16 shoulders). In nine shoulders there was a small and in two a large rupture of the rotator cuff. Twelve of the 13 non-traumatic shoulders became painless postoperatively and the pain was relieved in one. In the 16 traumatic shoulders the relief of pain was complete in six, partial in nine, and one remained unchanged. The condition was not aggravated in any of the cases. Mobility increased postoperatively in four cases and was in no case decreased by the operation. In this series the results were as favourable after partial as after complete excision of the acromion alone or excision in combination with other procedures appears to be a promising method of treatment of patients with long-standing rotator cuff syndrome.

Acromion↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of muscular dysfunction on the development of shoulder joint in children with Erb's paralysis].

In order to evaluate the disturbances of development of the shoulder joint in children with Erb's paralysis the authors conducted an X-ray examination of the shoulder girdle and the shoulder in the anterior-posterior projection. The assessment of the functional state of the muscles of the shoulder girdle was made with the aid of clinical EMG. It was established that there was a retardation of growth and ossification of the radial head of the humerus on the affected side, a decrease in the longitudinal and cross-sectional sizes of the humerus, a retardation in the development of the joint scopular cavity, disorders in spacial interrelationship in the components of the shoulder joint and internal rotation of the shoulder joint. The structural and anatomical changes in the components of the shoulder joint are associated with disorders of the neurotrophic processes in the bone tissue and the muscular dysbalance.

Adolescent↗