Impaired intracellular migration and altered solubility of nonglycosylated glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus and Sindbis virus.
Tunicamycin, an antibiotic which prevents the glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins, inhibits the replication of both vesicular stomatitis virus and Sindbis virus. In tunicamycin-treated infected cells, all of the viral proteins are synthesized but the glycoproteins are devoid of carbohydrate. The nonglycosylated glycoproteins could not be detected on the outside of the plasma membrane by lactoperoxidase labeling, indirect immunofluorescence staining, or chymotrypsin treatment of intact cells, whereas the glycosylated glycoproteins were readily detected by all three methods. These results indicate that the bulk of the nonglycosylated glycoproteins are unable to undergo the normal migration to the cell surface. In contrast to the normal glycosylated viral glycoproteins, the nonglycosylated glycoproteins were insoluble in nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100. The nonglycosylated glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus could be solubilized using a combination of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and 0.2% Triton X-100, but precipitated when the 6 M guanidine was removed by dialysis. These results suggest that the lack of carbohydrate alters the properties of the glycoproteins, which may explain their impaired mobility through the intracellular membranous system.