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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Diagnosis of reaginic allergy with house dust, animal dander and pollen allergens in adult patients. V. A comparison between the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), provocation tests, skin tests and RAST.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing allergen adsorbed onto the internal surface of a plastic tube, and alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-IgE was used for the determination of specific IgE antibodies to various inhalant allergens in serum samples from 255 individuals with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. A total of 541 analyses were carried out and the results were compared with those of provocation tests, skin tests and the RAST. It was found that negative ELISA values with high probability indicated nonallergy and very high ELISA values (class greater than or equal to 5) indicated allergy. However, the proportion of positive ELISA values which did not correspond to clinical allergy was high, as were the number of intermediate, inconclusive values (class 1-2). Although significant correlations between the ELISA values and provocation test, skin test or the RAST were obtained with some allergens, it was concluded that our version of the ELISA has not advantages over currently used methods for allergy diagnosis.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1978

[Allergy diagnosis in patients with bronchial asthma (bronchial provocation test, skin test and RAST) (author's transl)].

87 patients with bronchial asthma underwent skin test, RAST and measurment of airway resistance before and after inhalation of control solution as well as at least 10 times after each of one to four bronchial provocations (making up a total of 171 tests) with extracts of house dust, house dust mite, animal dander, mould spores and pollen in increasing concentrations. An actual clinical significance of the skin test reactions was found in 60% of all cases and of the RAST results in 66% of all cases. The overall agreement between skin test results and RAST results was 61%. The correlations between the different tests depended on the degree of hypersensitivity, on the tested allergen and on whether the results of skin test and RAST, respectively, were positive or negative. There existed a good correlation between the results of all three test methods and case history only for pollen allergens and animal dander. Noticeably often negative RAST results with house dust and mould spores, as well as positive skin tests with house dust mite and mould spores could not be confirmed by the provocation test. Important indications for a bronchial provocation test in asthmatics are doubtful case history, doubtful skin test or RAST results with the problem-allergens house dust, house dust mite and mould spores; the bronchial provocation test is especially commendable when drastic or cumbersome therapeutic measures (immunotherapy, change of home, change of job) are to follow or if late asthmatic reactions are expected.

Allergens↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of the influence of epoxide resins and their hardeners on the female body. I. Skin tests.

Skin tests of hypersensitivity were performed in 175 women and 16 men having direct contact during work with epoxide resinsand their hardeners. The tests were applied for 24 hours, and results were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The percentages of positive skin tests and numbers of skin lesions were found to increase with time of employment in contact with epoxide resins and their hardeners.

Amines↗
PubMed1977

Agreement between radioallergosorbent test and skin test.

A total of 4,260 RAST results were compared with the same number of prick and intracutaneous skin test results. Intracutaneous test was done only when the prick test was negative. The mean agreement between positive RAST and positive prick test was 81.3% for five grasses, 45.1% for seven weeds, 42.2% for two trees, 42.6% for two molds, and 45.8% for two environmental antigens. The mean agreement between positive RAST and positive intracutaneous test ranged from 0 to 4.9% for the same antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the radioallergosorbent test to intradermal skin testing in the diagnosis of stinging insect venom allergy.

RAST and skin tests were compared for five venoms in a group of 60 patients with histories of stinging insect allergy. Twelve patients were skin test negative to all venoms and also RAST negative. The 48 skin test positive patients gave an 88% correlation of RAST and skin test with 92% of the skin test positive patients RAST positive and 82% of the RAST positive patients skin test positive. If patients strongly positive to honey bee showing positive RAST to vespids with negative skin test were not counted, then 91% of the RAST positive patients were skin positive. The term "false" should not be used in relating RAST to skin test results without supporting challenge evidence.

Bee Venoms↗
PubMed1975

Influence of IgG antibody and glycopeptide allergens on the correlation between the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and skin testing or bronchial challenge with alternaria.

The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for alternaria was compared to skin tests and bronchial challenges in children suffering from chronic intractable asthma. In contrast to when such children were tested with a timothy grass pollen extract, the bronchial challenge and skin test results against alternaria did not correlate significantly. When alternaria allergens were coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated microcrystalline cellulose, the RAST correlated with the results of skin testing but not bronchial challenge. It was demonstrated by column immunabsorption that some allergic sera contained sufficient IgG antibody against alternaria to competitively inhibit the RAST. When Sepharose 2B was substituted for cellulose as the insoluble support, the inhibition by IgG antibody was largely overcome and then the RAST correlated with both skin test and bronchial challenge results. Glycopeptides contribute significantly to the allergenicity of alternaria, and when these materials were coupled to a Sepharose 2B conjugate by mild oxidation, the RAST correlated with bronchial challenge, but not skin test, results. It was concluded that in this group of steroid-dependent asthmatic children, the correlation of the RAST with the in vivo challenges was strongly influenced by the presence of IgG antibody in the allergic sera and the chemical nature of the mould allergens investigated.

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

Clinical patterns and results of radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and skin tests in penicillin allergy.

Seventy-nine patients with acute or former reactions to penicillin were investigated by a benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)-specific RAST and/or by skin tests with penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL), benzylpenicillin and penicilloic acid and the results were correlated with the different clinical pictures. Positive RAST and skin test results could be found in patients with anaphylactic shock, urticaria and serum sickness-like reaction and sometimes in a special group of exanthems, which are characterized by the existence of many different lesions at the same time, therefore called 'polymorphic exanthems', and often observed after high-dosage penicillin therapy. In cases of scarlatiniform or morbilliform exanthems no positive results were found. The BPO-specific RAST showed an overall correlation of 95-I% with skin tests using PPL. However, some patients with positive skin tests to benzylpenicillin and penicilloic acid did no have detectable circulating IgE antibodies to BPO. This emphasizes the need for including these antigens in in vitro methods. The RAST was informative even at the allergic reaction or in the first 15 days afterwards and seems to be very valuable for early diagnosis of penicillin allergy especially in cases when many drugs have been given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of the Multi-Test device for immediate hypersensitivity skin testing.

Test-to-test reproducibility, user variability, and the effect of positive reactions on adjacent negative sites were evaluated for the Multi-Test skin testing device. Twenty-five subjects had skin tests with 24 histamine (1 mg/ml), four glycerosaline controls, and four "dry" controls on two testings 7 days apart. To assess reproducibility from large and smaller histamine reactions and/or their effect on adjacent negative controls, 10 of the 25 subjects were retested once with the same testing format, but histamine at 10 mg/ml was substituted. To determine whether large allergen reactions affect adjacent negative controls differently than histamine reactions, 24 additional patients were retested on arms and back with negative controls adjacent to allergens to which they had prior 3+ to 4+ skin test reactions. Conclusions from 2688 skin tests on 49 patients are as follows: large (mean > 10 mm) histamine reactions reproduced better than smaller (mean < 7 mm) responses--coefficients of variation were 12.3 and 21.4 respectively. A 14% user variability occurred when comparing mean wheal sizes from histamine produced by each nurse and 1.2% when comparing their coefficients of variation. Neither small histamine reactions nor large reactions from histamine and allergens affected adjacent negative controls. We conclude that Multi-Test is a highly reliable skin testing technique that provides good reproducibility of results and low user variability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Automated histamine analysis for in vitro allergy testing. II. Correlation of skin test results with in vitro whole blood histamine release in 82 patients.

The recently developed sensitive, automated histamine assay system was applied for in vitro allergy testing. The simplified method for histamine release from whole heparinized blood was used. Aliquots of blood and allergen were incubated for one hour at 37 degrees C, and each supernatant was then analyzed for histamine release. Nine common pollen and environmental allergens were used at three 10-fold dilutions for in vitro testing with the use of 20 ml of blood. Intradermal skin tests were correlated with the whole blood histamine release in 82 patients who had received no immunotherapy. A scoring system for the histamine results was developed to take into consideration the results with multiple allergen concentrations. When the skin test was strongly positive (greater than or equal to 3 + at 100 protein nitrogen units [PNU]/ml), the whole blood histamine release was positive in 89% of the tests. In contrast, when the skin test was negative ( less than 1 + at 100 PNU/ml), the histamine release was also negative in 99.8% of the cases. When the skin test was 1 +, the histamine release from whole blood was positive in 6% of the tests; and when the skin test was 2+, the whole blood results were positive in 32%. The accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of the automated histamine assay allow its application for the clinical study of allergic patients.

Allergens↗
PubMed1977

Atopic skin test re-evaulated. IV. The use of compound 48/80 in routine skin testing.

Analysis of skin-test results obtained with compound 48/80 has indicated that this substance deserves a place in the standard series of test fluids for routine skin testing. No influence of sex or season was detected but there were significant differences in response related to the age (strongest reactions in the 16-40 year age group) and to the diagnosis (strongest reactions in the atopic patients).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Specificity and sensitivity of skin test reactions to extracts of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum. I. Skin tests done on infected guinea pigs.

The specificity and sensitivity of adult and larval somatic antigens, and perienteric fluid of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum were investigated by using intradermal skin tests in guinea pigs. These animals were infected with low doses (0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 egg/g) of these helminths. Toxocara larval antigen (TL) induced larger reactions in Toxocara-infected animals than did the other antigens, suggesting a superior sensitivity for this antigen. In addition, Ascaris perienteric fluid (AP) provoked skin responses in these animals of a magnitude similar to those induced by TL. The reciprocal relationship, i.e., comparable reactivity of AP and TL in Ascaris-infected animals, was not apparent. In general, Ascaris larval antigen and AP elicited larger intradermal reactions than other antigens in Ascaris-infected animals. The results of this study indicated no superiority of adult antigens in differentiating Ascaris and Toxocara infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Atopic skin test re-evaluated. VI. Skin reactions to compound 48/80 and histamine in patients with atopic and non-atopic chronic respiratory complains and in normal volunteers.

Using a perfected technique for skin testing, no difference was found between skin reactions to either histamine or compound 48/80 in atopic and non-atopic patients or in healthy volunteers. The correlation of the size of the skin reactions to both compounds was only slightly lower than the correlation of the duplicates, which indicates that compound 48/80 can be used as a control extract in skin testing. The skin reactions to this compound are read after 15 minutes, just as those to inhalant allergens.

Adolescent↗