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Results for “Skin Transplantation”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Differential expression of cornified cell envelope precursors in normal skin, intraorally transplanted skin and normal oral mucosa.

BACKGROUND: Skin flaps have routinely been used as substitutes for oral mucosa after extensive resection of oral tissues. However, it remains unknown how the transplanted skin flaps perform as a host defence in the new environment of the oral cavity. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the expression of cornified cell envelope (CCE) precursors in pretransplanted (normal) skin, intraorally transplanted skin and normal oral mucosa, because CCEs are highly responsible for a protective barrier in each type of epithelium. METHODS: We used immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy to examine the expression of CCE precursors, small proline-rich protein (SPR) 2 and 3 and loricrin, in biopsy specimens of normal skin, transplanted skin and normal oral mucosa, including buccal and lingual (non-keratinized) mucosae, and palatal (keratinized) mucosa. RESULTS: Transplanted skin flaps were classified into two groups. About two-thirds of the transplanted skin flaps displayed a reddish appearance and were devoid of the stratum corneum (SC) together with a psoriasiform inflammatory tissue reaction. Others showed a native appearance, retaining the SC. While SPR2 expression was limited to the stratum granulosum (SG) in both normal and transplanted skin retaining the SC, it extended to the stratum spinosum (SS) of the transplanted skin lacking the SC and that of the normal oral mucosa. Although SPR3 expression was not found in normal skin or in the transplanted skin retaining the SC, it was strongly expressed in the SS of the transplanted skin lacking the SC and the non-keratinized oral mucosa, and in the SS and SG of the keratinized oral mucosa. Loricrin, which was expressed in the SG of normal skin, the transplanted skin retaining the SC and the keratinized oral mucosa, was not detected in the transplanted skin lacking the SC or in the non-keratinized oral mucosa. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the ultrastructural localization of SPR3 directly under the cytoplasmic membrane of keratinocytes of the transplanted skin lacking the SC and that of the oral mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: The altered expression of SPR2, SPR3 and loricrin reflects the possible adaptation of epidermal keratinocytes in the new environment of the oral cavity.

Cheek↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reality and fantasies: the psychology of skin transplants.

Skin transplants present similarities with and differences from other organ transplants (heart, kidney, liver) in the psychological sphere and in regard to symbolic and mythological references. A brief story supplies some explanations and introduces the reader to information in the psychosomatic and psycholinguistic spheres in scientific literature. We also present a list of commonly used terms that include the word skin, and cite important literary references that have some relationship with the subject of skin transplants, all to emphasize and explain why/how this topic is so emotionally involving.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed2004

Dendritic cells as regulators of immune reactivity: implications for skin transplantation.

Skin allografts, in contrast to other organ transplants, are acutely rejected despite intensive and toxic for the graft recipient immunosuppressive therapy. Long-term immunosuppression increases the risk for life-threatening infections and cancers. This is why clinical skin allografting practically does not exist. Skin Langerhans' (dendritic) cells play a crucial role in the process of alloantigen recognition, its processing and initiation of the rejection reaction. These cells mature and migrate from the epidermis toward the dermal initial lymphatic vessels and further with afferent lymph, as veiled cells, they flow to the regional lymph nodes. Since a major goal in transplantation research is to understand and exploit the immunogenic properties of "passenger cells" as well as the tolerogenic properties of immature dendritic cells, studies concerning migrating less matured veiled cells obtained from afferent lymph draining skin seem to be relevant. Knowledge of mechanisms responsible for immunological synapse formation by veiled cells upon stimulation with allogeneic and bacterial antigens and of immunosuppressive drugs effect on this process, as well as of localization of Langerhans' cells in skin epidermis and dermis in the inflammatory foci, would facilitate a rational approach for the therapeutic protocols enabling the prolongation of skin allograft survival time.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Skin transplantation or artificial skin replacement?].

The closure of big skin defects is still a problem. Autologous skin is not unlimitedly available. Different skin substitutes are invented and available. All of them are suffering one problem. They can only be used for temporary closure. Even the immunological progress can not solve the problem of skin shortage. An interesting artificial skin was designed by Burke and Yannas. They designed an artificial dermis consisting of bovine collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate. This is a fascinating possibility for solving the skin shortage problem especially in burn cases. But even this dermis needs autologous epithelial cells to create a complete skin coverage. So till now a complete skin substitute without autologous material seems not to be available.

Bandages↗
PubMed2002

Autologous skin transplantation: comparison of minced skin to other techniques.

BACKGROUND: Skin grafting may be necessary to close nonhealing skin wounds. This report describes a fast and minimally invasive method to produce minced skin suitable for transplantation to skin wounds. The technique was evaluated in an established porcine skin wound healing model and was compared to split-thickness skin grafts and suspensions of cultured and noncultured keratinocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 90 wounds on 3 pigs. Fluid-treated full-thickness skin wounds were grafted with minced skin, split-thickness skin grafts, noncultured keratinocytes, or cultured keratinocytes. Controls received either fluid or dry treatment. The wound healing process was analyzed in histologies collected at Days 8 to 43 postwounding. Wound contraction was quantified by photoplanimetry. RESULTS: Wounds transplanted with minced skin and keratinocyte suspension contained several colonies of keratinocytes in the newly formed granulation tissue. During the healing phase, the colonies progressed upward and reepithelialization was accelerated. Minced skin and split-thickness skin grafts reduced contraction as compared to keratinocyte suspensions and saline controls. Granulation tissue formation was also reduced in split-thickness skin-grafted wounds. CONCLUSIONS: Minced skin grafting accelerates reepithelialization of fluid-treated skin wounds. The technique is faster and less expensive than split-thickness skin grafting and keratinocyte suspension transplantation. Minced skin grafting may have implications for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Skin transplantation or artificial skin replacement].

Temporary cover of skin defects, using artificial material, cannot be a substitution for autologous material. Heterologous skin grafts may turn out to be sources of infection. A combination of artificial skin of collagen preparations with epithelial cell cultures is a new alternative to exclusive autologous transplantation. Only limited surfaces so far can be covered by means of epithelial cultures.

Bandages↗
PubMed1992

Skin transplantation.

Transplantation of skin has been recognized as a method to increase the survival of patients who have suffered a massive skin deficit. Until about 30 years ago, a patient who suffered a 60% BSA skin deficit usually died from the effects of overwhelming sepsis. Great strides have since been made in the techniques and technology of skin transplantation. Many different methods are now used to enhance wound closure and to maximize the functioning and cosmesis of the grafted areas. Current methods of permanent wound closure include autografting, Integra with epidermal autografting, cultured epithelial cells, and microskin grafting. Other methods of temporary wound closure include allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials. These temporary wound coverings act as a "second skin" and keep the wound free from infection while preventing the loss of fluid from the granulation bed. Research continues to strive toward faster wound closure with minimal functional and cosmetic deficits.

Child↗