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Results for “Sleep Apnea Syndromes”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Endoscopic findings in sleep apnea syndrome.

Sleep apnea syndrome is a constellation of symptoms resulting from recurrent episodes of apnea during sleep. Often the upper airway becomes obstructed during slumber in this disorder. Symptoms relate to sleep deprivation and include morning headaches, daytime somnolence, personality changes with deteriorating intellectual capacity, nocturnal enuresis, and sexual dysfunction. Diagnosis is assisted by polysomnographic recordings. Therapy is directed at the cause of obstruction when one can be found, weight loss in massively obese patients, tracheostomy in the symptomatic patient. Four patients with documented sleep apnea syndrome are discussed. One patient, a thin adolescent female underwent adenoidectomy without improvement. Two massively obese adult males required tracheostomy with marked amelioration of symptoms. One additional adult male was found to have sleep apnea due to severe, acquired micrognathia; he was significantly improved by tracheostomy. All three adult patients were found by endoscopic visualization to have marked pharyngeal soft tissue collapse with inspiration during apneic episodes. Possible causes of pharyngeal collapse are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sleep apnea syndrome: report of case.

Sleep apnea syndrome encompasses several entities that are characterized by the inability of the victim to achieve restful sleep. The only known treatment for the syndrome is a tracheostomy. Further research and experimentation are required. We are of the opinion that the appliance described in this article offers some promise as an alternative treatment.

Apnea↗
PubMed1978

Sleep apnea syndrome in a patient with Shy-Drager syndrome.

A patient with autonomic insufficiency and extrapyramidal signs (Shy-Drager syndrome) and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) underwent hemodynamic studies. In comparison to patients with SAS and intact autonomic reflexes, systemic hypertension was absent and marked sinus arrhythmia during sleep was blunted. Cyclical pulmonary hypertension associated with frequent apneic episodes during sleep persisted, reflecting a minor role of autonomic reflexes in the generation of this abnormality. Autopsy confirmed the Shy-Drager syndrome and multiple areas of degeneration were observed in areas of the CNS outside the medullary respiratory centers, suggesting their importance in the origin of the respiratory abnormalities in SAS.

Apnea↗
PubMed1978

Fibro-optic study of pharyngeal airway during sleep in patients with hypersomnia obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome.

Pharyngeal airway during sleep was observed with help of Fibro-optic flexible bronchoscope and cineradiography in 10 adult patients with Hypersomnia Sleep-Apnea (HSA) syndrome. The results of the study suggest that the structures involved in production of airway obstruction in the patients with HSA syndrome are the muscles of velopharyngeal sphincter and tongue. The laryngeal airway was not obstructed during the episodes of apnea.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Sleep apnea syndrome due to upper airway obstruction: a review of 25 cases.

A sleep apnea syndrome due to upper airway obstruction was diagnosed in 25 adult men (25 to 65 years of age) using nocturnal polygraphic monitoring. Excessive daytime somnolence, hypnagogic hallucinations, and automatic behavior, personality changes with abnormal behavioral outbursts, impotence, morning headaches, abnormal motor activity during sleep, nocturnal enuresis, and high blood pressure should suggest this diagnosis when any of the symptoms are associated with loud snoring. Respiratory monitoring during sleep and nocturnal cardiovascular evaluation bring prognostic information and indications for therapy. Three types of therapeutic trials, namely, diet, medications with or without diet, and surgery have been performed. Only surgery has been beneficial in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

EMG activity of cricothyroid and chin muscles during wakefulness and sleeping in the sleep apnea syndrome.

The authors studied the direct and integrated EMG activities of the cricothyroid (CT) and chin muscles in 7 patients with the sleep apnea syndrome. They noted: (1) A tonic activity with phasic inspiratory reinforcements in the CT during wakefulness. (2) A decrease in the tonic activity without any modification of the phasic inspiratory reinforcement during sleep. (3) A decrease or even disappearance of the phasic activity during sleep-induced hypopneas. (4) A complete cessation of both the tonic and the phasic activities of the CT during obstruction apneas: resumption of respiration is marked by the reappearance first of the phasic inspiratory activity and secondly of the tonic one. (5) In some patients similar activities are recorded in the chin muscles during wakefulness, sleep and sleep apnea. These results favor possible obstruction of the upper airway at the laryngeal level: the conjunction of inhibition of the inspiratory activity of the laryngeal muscles with the subsequent closing of the glottis and inspiratory depressure could produce an obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Sleep and respiration in the syndrome "apnea during sleep" in the child].

A sleep apnea syndrome has been diagnosed in eight children (age range 5-14). Before undertaking therapeutic trials, sleep and respiration were extensively studied. Sleep and respiration were again analyzed 3 months after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (6 cases) or tracheostomy with insertion of valve (2 cases). Sleep induced apneic apisodes in these children who had normal respiration during wakefulness. Three types of apnea (central, upper airway, and mixed) were recorded in each case. The minimum number of apneas recorded during a single night was 75; the maximum was 816. Polygraphic monitoring demonstrated greatly disturbed sleep. Sleep changes were quantitative as well as qualitative. REM sleep percent was decreased, but stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep were also impaired. A relationship between stages 3-4 NREM sleep and respiration was noted: stages 3-4 sleep disappeared when apneic episodes were numerous; no apnea was recorded during stage 4 sleep. Follow-up nocturnal recordings of two tracheostomized children with valve open, then closed, confirmed this "stage 4/no apnea" relationship. Apneas were also noted to induce marked sinus arrhythmia during sleep.

Adolescent↗