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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Sleep problems and their treatment in psychosis (author's transl)].

Sleep disturbances in psychoses can mean hypo- as well as hypersomnia. In 90% of endogenous depressed patients sleep disturbances were seen, mostly as hyposomnia. In the group of schizophrenic psychotic patients only 30% had sleep disturbances. With polygraphical investigations in endogenous depressed patients a shortening of REM-latency and a disturbed sleep profile, in schizophrenic psychoses a shortened REM-rebound and a reduced amount of stages 3 and 4 were found. The treatment of choice for depressions are antidepressive drugs and sleep deprivation, for schizophrenic psychoses neuroleptic drugs. This treatments improved subjective and objective sleep disturbances with psychopathological remission at the same time. So far, only hypothetical considerations do exist about the relationship between psychopathology and sleep disturbances. It is suspected that etiological relations exist between depression and desynchronization of central sleep mechanisms and between schizophrenia and special disturbances of REM-sleep and stage 3 and 4.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1975

Human sleep and EEG through a cycle of methadone dependence.

The effects of oral methadone on EEG and sleep were studied in 6 male postaddicts. Continuous nocturnal measurement of EEG, EMG and EOG was used to define sleep patterns. Period analysis and power spectral analysis were performed on each 8 min sample of daytime (eyes closed) EEG. Both sleep and EEG were studied during a predrug control period, during the methadone induction phase (45-60 mg/day), stabilization phase (100 mg/day), and then 6; 10, 13, 18 and 22 weeks after withdrawal. One subject did not complete the last two withdrawal sessions. While on methadone, subjects reported that they slept more and also showed an increase in slow wave activity and a decrease in fast wave activity of their EEG during this time. Nocturnal sleep was not markedly altered during the chronic administration of methadone. Subjects reported an increase in dreaming soon after withdrawal, and then 3-5 weeks of nocturnal isnomnia. At the 6th week after withdrawal, slow wave activity in the daytime EEG was decreased, fast wave activity was increased, and mean EEG frequency was increased. REM sleep and delta sleep were increased during withdrawal. These data provide further evidence that chronic administration of narcotic analgesics may induce persistent functional changes in the central nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Snoring.

Eight heavy snorers underwent nocturnal polygraphic recordings. The principal results are the following: 1. Snoring is an inspiratory (or primarily inspiratory) noise linked to subobstruction of the upper airways. It appears with falling asleep (stage 1) and intensified progressively through the deepening of slow sleep; in REM sleep it becomes discontinuous and is comparable to stage 2 snowing in intensity. 2. In heavy snorers, obstructive apneas are always present and particularly abundant during light sleep (state 2) and REM sleep. 3. In heavy snorers during sleep the systemic arterial pressure reaches and remains at levels higher than those of wakefulness instead of diminishing normally. 4. Some degree of alveolar hypoventilation is associated with snoring when the apneas are especially abundant. These findings confirm the existence of significant polygraphic analogies between snoring and hypersomnia with periodic apneas and indicate that snoring may represent the first phase in the development of this syndrome. Moreover, the effects of snoring on alveolar ventilation and the systemic pressure during sleep suggest that heavy, constant snoring has physio-pathological implications for the cardio-circulatory apparatus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sleep disorder and psychobiological symptomatology in male psychiatric outpatients and male nonpatients.

Sleep disturbance was studied in relation to psychiatric and physical symptoms for 214 male psychiatric outpatients and 248 male nonpatients. Our self-report instrument required that subjects describe the frequency of symptoms precisely on a five-point scale from "every day" to "not at all." Percentages are based on the numbers of subjects reporting a symptom as occurring "every day" or "several times a week." More patients reported sleep disturbance symptoms (75%) than nonpatients (25%) (P less than 0.001). Sleep loss symptoms were reported by 63% of patients and 20% of nonpatients. Twelve percent of patients and 6% of nonpatients reported trouble with excessive sleep problems. Sleep disturbance was not strongly related to specific diagnoses. Fewer schizophrenics (21%) than other patients (50%) reported trouble "falling asleep" (P less than 0.02). Finally, for both patients and controls, disturbed sleepers reported more psychiatric and physical symptoms than undisturbed sleepers (P less than 0.001). It is suggested that sleep disturbance might be a useful clinical clue to previously unsuspected psychiatric and physical illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Review of clinical studies on clobazam.

1 Clobazam was compared with placebo and diazepam in 45 double-blind studies. 2 Clobazam dosage ranged from 5 mg daily (paediatric patients) to 120 mg daily (psychiatric in-patients). Usual daily dosage in out-patient therapy ranged from 20-30 mg clobazam. 3 Treatment duration varied from a few days up to 3.5 years. The usual duration of treatment was 2-4 weeks. 4 Clobazam was shown to be an efficacious and well tolerated anxiolytic agent in various neurotic and psychosomatic disorders. 5 Dosages showing distinct anxiolytic effects in out-patient therapy did not impair psychomotor performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Polygraphic sleep recordings before and after the administration of flunitrazepam.

By means of polygraphic sleep recordings (EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, EDG, Respirogram, Positogram), neurologic-psychologic investigation and questionnaires on subjective feeling, ten patients aged from 22 to 40 years (mean: 29 years), who suffered from irregular disturbances in falling asleep and in sleeping continuously, were examined over a period of ten consecutives nights. The first investigation night was reserved for adaptation of the patients and could therefore not be evaluated. On the following three evenings placebo (Placebo I) was given, then 2 mg of flunitrazepam for the ensuing three nights and placebo again (Placebo II) for the last three nights. Thus, 90 investigation nights could be evaluated. 1. Latency times until the patients fell asleep and up to the first deep sleep were reduced significantly by the active preparation. Latency times up to the first REM-phase were prolonged. 2. The frequency of nocturnal awakenings was lessened significantly. Thus, disturbances in sleeping continuously disappeared for the duration of the treatment. Duration of wakefulness after having woken during the night decreased considerably. 3. Duration of wakefulness during the total night was reduced considerably, deeper sleep stages, such as D (stage III) and E(stage IV) were prolonged. 4. Duration of the REM-phases was reduced slightly. This reduction was not significant according to the t-test. 5. According to these results, the preparation showed a clear effect. A placebo-effect can be excluded, since the improvements mentioned were not found when placebo was given before administration of the medication and afterwards (Placebo I and II). 6. When comparing our results to those of other authors, who described the effects of various preparations, we found that the substance flunitrazepam showed different effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Use of phenazepam in the treatment of neurotic conditions].

The report contains data concerning clinical studies of a new Soviet tranquilizer of benzodiazepine derivative--phenazepam. Treatment of 100 patients gave a good therapeutical effect in 82%. The best results were attained in the treatment of generalized hystero-neurotical states, somewhat less in the group of neurotic states with a prevalence of affective disorders and the less effective in the obsessive-phobic syndrome. On the basis of comparative studies, the conclusion is made that phenazepam is not worse by its psychotropic activity than ativan (lorazepam) and exceeds diazepam (seduxen), most likely because of its myorelaxing action. The drug exerted an expressed hypnotic effect being not less than eunoctin and other eunectics.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with iron deficiency: Questionnaire-based and actigraphic findings.

OBJECTIVE: Iron deficiency (ID), without or with anemia (IDA), has been linked to restless sleep and sleep-related movement disorders in childhood, but objective correlates are incompletely defined. We aimed to describe caregiver-reported sleep disturbances, restless legs syndrome (RLS) - related symptoms, and actigraphic sleep patterns in children and adolescents with ID/IDA, and to compare these findings with available sleep-asymptomatic control datasets. We finally explored short-term changes after iron supplementation. METHODS: In this single-center pilot observational study, 31 children with ID/IDA underwent baseline clinical/laboratory assessment and caregiver-reported sleep evaluation with the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) plus RLS-oriented items. Sixteen also completed home actigraphy, and 8 had follow-up after iron treatment prescribed in routine care. Baseline findings were compared with historical healthy control datasets without reported sleep disturbances; iron-status data were not available for the questionnaire control group; within-subject changes were explored in the follow-up subgroup. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, the ID/IDA cohort had higher SDSC total scores (43.97&#x202f;&#xb1;&#x202f;9.63 vs 34.61&#x202f;&#xb1;&#x202f;7.50; p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001), with significant differences in the subscales difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS), sleep-wake transition disorders (SWTD), and sleep hyperhidrosis (SHY). Ten of 31 screened children (32.25%) had clinically plausible RLS-related symptoms and higher SWTD scores. Actigraphy showed shorter sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, longer wake after sleep onset, and greater fragmentation. After iron treatment, parent reported restlessness improved, whereas actigraphic parameters showed only partial normalization. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric ID/IDA was associated with caregiver-reported and actigraphic sleep disruption, characterized by restless and fragmented sleep. These findings support systematic sleep assessment in children with low iron stores and consideration of iron status in the work-up of restless or nonrestorative sleep.

Humans↗