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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Study of rickettsioses in Slovakia. III. Experimental infection of Apodemus flavicollis Melch. by rickettsiae of the spotted fever (SF) group isolated in Slovakia.

Experimental studies of infection of Apodemus flavicollis, and for comparison of rickettsiaemia in Clethrionomys glareolus and of susceptibility and antibody formation in white mice, with rickettsiae of the SF group isolated in Slovakia, gave the following results: the species A. flavicollis reacted by the formation of antibodies on subcutaneous administration of rickettsiae, strain B, in an amount of 10(0.5) EID 50/0.25 ml, whereas the white mouse only in an amount of 10(2.5). Rickettsiae, strain B, administered in an amount of 10(3.5) EID 50/0.25 ml subcutaneously to A. flavicollis were found in smears from the liver and spleen of the inoculated animals up to the 25th day following infection, on detection by the isolation test on chick embryo yolk sacs in the spleen on day 5 and 7, in lymph nodes on day 7 and in the brain on day 15 following infection; on detection by the method of injecting suspension from the organs into the haemocoelom of ticks regularly in the spleen and liver up to the 10th day, in the brain, kidney and lymph nodes regularly up to the 15th and irregularly in the lungs also up to the 15th day, then regularly in the testes up to the 5th day and in the heart, blood and peritoneum up to the 3rd day after infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Study of rickettsioses in Slovakia. II. Infestation of fleas and mites in mole nests in some localities in Central Slovakia with C. burneti and Rickettsiae belonging to the spotted fever (SF) group.

Fleas and mites obtained from 115 mole nests in Central Slovakia from an area where Q fever and rickettsiosis due to rickettsie of the SF occur, from the border of this area and apart from it, were tested for infestation with rickettsiae by the method of isolation of rickettsiae on chick embryo yolk sacs, by the method of detection of rickettsiae on smears from the arthropods using immunofluorescence, by the method of exposure of albino mice and Apodemus flavicollis to mole nests and by the method of inoculation of suspension from the arthropods to albino mice. In the latter two methods, infestation of the arthropods was assessed according to the formation of antibodies in the mice. It has been found that fleas and mites in all three areas under test are infected with C. burneti and with rickettsia of the SF group. C. burneti was currently detected in the focus of rickettsioses and in the localities situated in its borders while only one case was observed apart from the focus. Rickettsiae of the SF group were found in fleas and mites in all areas tested showing no greater percentual differences. The method of detection of rickettsia in smears from the arthropods using the immunofluorescence technique and antibody response in mice inoculated with infected arthropods was found to be the most effective in these studies. On the basis of the obtained results the authors believe that mites and fleas living in mole nests participate in the circulation of both species of rickettsiae in nature in the transfer of rickettsiae among small mammals. The question whether these arthropods are a reservoir, a biological or a mechanical vector, still remains open.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Study of rickettsioses in Slovakia. III. Experimental infection of Apodemus flavicollis Melch. by Rickettsiae of the spotted fever (SF) group isolated in Slovakia.

Experimental studies of infection of Apodemus flavicollis, and for comparison of rickettsiaemia in Clethrionomys glareolus and of susceptibility and antibody formation in white mice, with rickettsiae of the SF group isolated in Slovakia, gave the following results: The species A. flavicollis reacted by the formation of antibodies on subcutaneous administration of rickettsiae, strain B, in an amount of 10(0.5) EID50/0.25 ml, whereas the white mouse only in an amount of 10(2.5). Rickettsiae, strain B, administered in an amount of 10(3.5)EID50/0.25 ml subcutaneously to A. flavicollis were found in smears from the liver and spleen of the inoculated animals up to the 25th day following infection, on detection by the isolation test on chick embryo yolk sacs in the spleen on day 5 and 7, in lymph nodes on day 7 and in the brain on day 15 following infection; on detection by the method of injecting suspension from the organs into the haemocoelom fo ticks regularly in the spleen and liver up to the 10th day, in the brain, kidney and lymph nodes regularly up to the 15th and irregularly in the lungs also up to the 15 day, then regularly in the testes up to the 5th day and in the heart, blood and peritoneum up to the 3rd day after infection. Subcutaneous inoculation of rickettsial suspension in an amount of 10(5)EID50/0.25 ml into A. flavicollis and C. glareolus did not produce rickettsiaemia. However, rickettsiaemia was demonstrated in A. flavicollis on day 3 and 7, and in C. glareolus on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 following the bite by female D. marginatus ticks naturally infected by rickettsiae. A. flavicollis mice responded to oral infection by a suspension of rickettsiae, strain B, by the formation of specific antibodies. Subcutaneous administration of various amounts of rickettsiae, strain D, provoked in A. flavicollis and in white mice the formation of antibodies which in A. flavicollis persisted up to the 44th week following infection and reached the values up to greater than 1:1024 between the 2nd and 6th week, while in the white mice they persisted only up to the 12th week following infection and did not exceed the values of 1:256 in the course of the first 6 weeks. The results suggest that the species A. flavicollis will probably play an important role in the circulation of rickettsiae in nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Analysis of the incidence and routes of transmission of tularemia in Slovakia].

The morbidity from tularaemia in Slovakia has since the epidemic incidence in the sixties a declining trend. The mean annual morbidity rate declined from 5.5 per 10(5) population in 1960-1969 to 0.3 in 1980-1994 and is markedly influenced by the incidence of tularaemia in the well known epidemic area in western Slovakia where in 1985 also the first cases of transmission of tularaemia by ticks were recorded in Slovakia. During the last decade (1985-1994) in Slovakia 126 cases were notified, out of them 96.8% in the western Slovakian region, more than half of the cases were recorded in the districts of Nitra and Nové Zámky. The analysis of the incidence of the disease in western Slovakia as compared with the previous decade (1975-1984) drew attention to marked changes in the epidemiology of tularaemia and a rise of the cases transmitted from other sources of infection than hares and by ectoparasites. Their ratio is almost 66%, from that 20.5% formed by cases transmitted by ticks (15.6%) and by other arthropods (4.9%). In the majority of patients with ticks in the case-history the ulceroglandular form of the disease was recorded (79%), with the primary affection at the site of the tick-bite, in the majority with lymphadenitis in the inguinal area (63.2%). The majority of the cases was recorded in summer, most frequently in occupational groups: pupils and students, forestry workers and mainly other occupations. The results of an epidemiological survey and data on the prevalence of for ticks infected with Francisella tularensis in the endemic area of Slovakia indicate that the tick-borne of tularaemia in humans Central European ecological conditions is probably more frequent than hitherto assumed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Care for patients with hereditary coagulopathies in Slovakia.

Contemporary situation with the care for hereditary coagulopathies in Slovakia is discussed. The mode of obtaining the data for central registration of patients suffering from hereditary coagulopathies in Slovakia is elucidated. Importance of such a registration for prospective planning guaranteeing needs of patients and of concentration of medical care in hands of specialists in haematology and blood transfusion is pointed out. The specialists in Slovakia are responsible for both diagnosis and registration as well as for effective therapy of haemorrhagic incidents in the patients. The care is mostly realized in 3 of 4 regional departments of haematology and blood transfusion, occasionally also in some chosen district departments. Preparation of antihaemolytic blood fractions in Slovakia is connected exclusively to the national transfusion fractionation programme in departments of haematology and blood transfusion. With regard to the principle of free of charge blood donation and medical care, this mode of preparation is the most effective economically, because of the relatively high yield of active coagulation factors. Concrete data on the prevalence of hereditary coagulopathies in Slovakia are presented. Comparison of the number of registered haemophiliacs in Slovakia with that given in other countries indicates a very high registration of the hereditary haemorrhagic diseases in our country, which also follows from the centralized active medical care. To secure further rise of the haemophiliacs demands, however, it will be necessary to increase efforts in blood donor campaigns and to improve equipment of regional departments of haematology and blood transfusion which are responsible for medical care.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
PubMed1996

[Epidemiologic and microbiologic aspects of mycobacteriosis in Slovakia].

Mycobacterioses are diseases caused by mycobacteria other than those that induce the classical tuberculosis: M. tbc (previously to as "human" type) and M. bovis (previously to as "bovine" type of mycobacteria). The purpose of this paper is to confront the limited knowledge about the epidemiology of this disease abroad with the information obtained in Slovakia. The methodology of this paper is based upon the surveillance of tuberculosis as applied on mycobacterioses. Pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by M. kansasii was diagnosed in 51 subjects in Slovakia within the period 1979-1993: 47 men and 4 women. The average age of men was 47 and of women 55 years. The highest incidence of the disease was observed in Central Slovakia (25 subjects), followed by Eastern Slovakia (18 subjects) and Western Slovakia (8 subjects). Geographic distribution coincides with the profession of Slovak miners who work either in the Slovak mining area or in Ostrava-Karviná mining complex. Miners accounted for 20 out of 51 patients. Apart from preventive measures applied in tuberculosis caused by M. tbc, it is vitally important to pay great attention to the prevention and treatment of pneumoconioses and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Both miners and heavy smokers should avoid working in an environment where M. kansasii is present. Examinations within the focus of the disease should be targeted at the working environment (Ref. 13.).

Female↗
PubMed1999

Recombination in Tula hantavirus evolution: analysis of genetic lineages from Slovakia.

To examine the evolution of Tula hantavirus (TUL), carried by the European common vole (Microtus arvalis and M. rossiaemeridionalis), we have analyzed genetic variants from Slovakia, the country where the virus is endemic. Phylogenetic analysis (PHYLIP) based on either partial (nucleotides [nt] 441 to 898) or complete N-protein-encoding sequences divided Slovakian TUL variants into two main lineages: (i) strains from eastern Slovakia, which clustered with Russian strains, and (ii) strains from western Slovakia situated closer to those from the Czech Republic. We found genetic diversity of 19% between the two groups and 4% within the western Slovakian TUL strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the 3' noncoding region (3'-NCR), however, placed the eastern Slovakian strains closer to those from western Slovakia and the Czech Republic, with a greater distance to the Russian strains, suggesting a recombinant nature of the S segment in the eastern Slovakian TUL lineage. A bootscan search of the S-segment sequences of TUL strains revealed at least two recombination points in the S sequences of eastern Slovakian TUL strains (nt 400 to 415 and around 1200) which agreed well with the pattern of amino acid substitutions in the N protein and deletions/insertions in the 3'-NCR of the S segment. These data suggest that homologous recombination events occurred in the evolution of hantaviruses.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed1996

[Epidemiologic and microbiologic aspects of mycobacteriosis in Slovakia. M. avium complex].

BACKGROUND: Mycobacteria belonging to M. Avium Complex (MAC) are strains very similar in structure and biochemistry but very different from the point of serology. OBJECTIVES: They are divided into 28 serotypes. The objective of the research is to describe the epidemiological situation in mycobacterioses caused by Mycobacterium Avium Complex in Slovakia and to compare it with the situation in the developed countries. METHODS: The study is methodologically based on the surveillance of tuberculosis and applied to the problem of mycobacterioses. RESULTS: During the period of 19 years we have registered in Slovakia 43 new cases caused by Mycobacterium Avium Complex. The number of new cases per year ranged from 0 to 4 cases. The majority of cases were males in permanent residence in Slovakia. 74.4% of them were from central and eastern Slovakia. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past 19 years the stabilized trend of incidence of mycobacterioses caused by Mycobacterium Complex has not changed. (Ref. 22.)

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

[Epidemiologic and microbiologic aspects of mycobacteriosis in Slovakia. M. fortuitum].

The purpose of this paper is to confront the knowledge about the epidemiology of this disease abroad with information obtained in Slovakia. The methodology of this paper is based upon surveillance of tuberculosis as applied on mycobacterioses. Pulmonary infections caused by M. fortuitum presents only 10% of pulmonary mycobacterioses caused by facultative pathogenic mycobacteria. Since the year 1979 were in the territory of Slovakia newly discovered 5 cases of mycobacterioses caused by M. fortuitum. 4 of them are men (age 61-77 years old) and 1 women (57 years old). 3 patients are from Eastern Slovakia and 2 patients are from Central Slovakia. All of them had pulmonary location of disease. Another 8 cases (5 men and 3 women) are suspect for mycobacterioses for the meantime. In each isolation of the agents was made 5-8 times but without verification of clinical activity. Findings of M. fortuitum in biological material even when repeated can mean contamination only. During the period of last 10 years 768 isolations of M. fortuitum from 496 persons were registered. (Ref. 36.)

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis among children less than 5 years of age in Slovakia.

Owing partly to a lack of disease burden data, Eastern and Central European countries have not introduced universal infant immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type b. To determine the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis among children less than 5 years of age, data were examined from eight districts in Slovakia that formed part of a national Haemophilus influenzae type b surveillance system. All invasive isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b identified from these districts during 24 months (1996-1997) were sent to a single central laboratory for serotype confirmation. Thirty-five cases of confirmed Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis were identified, for a disease incidence among children under 5 years of 17.3 per 100,000 population per year. Only 13 cases were identified during 1996, the first full year of the surveillance system. Records were available for review at six of the eight district laboratories and showed that, using World Health Organization definitions, almost half of the cases of probable bacterial meningitis were culture negative, suggesting that the true incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis may be considerably higher than 17.3. The rate of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis among children less than 5 years of age in Slovakia is comparable to that found in Western Europe and North America during the prevaccine era. Thus, universal, publicly funded infant vaccination in Slovakia can be expected to have the same dramatic effect on Haemophilus influenzae type b disease morbidity and mortality as has been demonstrated in other countries that have adopted this approach.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

Crohns disease in Slovakia: prevalence, socioeconomic and psychological analysis.

The need for a basic epidemiological study, according to international standards, of the prevalence of IBD in Slovakia was increased by the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. This paper presents the results of CD prevalence to 30 April 1994 in Slovakia. To evaluate the statistical data of the prevalence of the disease according to age, sex, regions and districts, the authors employed the multi-dimensional Kruskal-Wallis test and cluster analysis and determined that the prevalence of CD in Slovakia is 6.75/100.000 inhabitants. The distribution differences indicate the need for further investigations of environmental differences. The socio-economic and psychological evaluation of the patients examined revealed some interesting associations. The psychological reaction to the disease is neurotic and depressive and a higher occurrence of affective symptomatology was observed in patients with permanent partnership and with children. On the other hand, the educational level and knowledge concerning the disease on the part of the patient had a positive influence on the reaction to the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Surveillance of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in Slovakia.

The elimination of tuberculosis (TB) among cattle was claimed in Czecho-Slovakia in the middle of the sixties. Experiences from some countries which eliminated TB among cattle earlier than Czecho-Slovakia indicated a sporadic occurrence of TB caused by M. bovis. A long-term investigation of the occurrence of this 'diminishing zoonosis' has been carried out by a special group of experts (epidemiologists, clinicians, bacteriologists, epizootiologists and veterinary surgeons) on the whole territory of Slovakia. During the period of years 1972-1990 there were discovered 68 new cases of TB in humans caused by M. bovis. This paper analyses the results of the epidemiological investigation of this group of patients from several aspects: eg age, sex, occupation and geographical distribution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Short report: simultaneous occurrence of Dobrava, Puumala, and Tula Hantaviruses in Slovakia.

The prevalence of antibody to hantaviruses in Slovakia (serum panel n = 2,133) was lower in the western part (0.54%) and higher in the eastern part (1.91%) of the country and was found to be significantly enhanced in a group of forest workers from eastern Slovakia (5.88%). One-third of the IgM-negative convalescent phase sera from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome exhibited antibodies reacting predominantly with Puumala virus antigen, while two-thirds had antibodies directed mainly against Hantaan virus antigen. Fine analysis of two Hantaan virus-reactive sera by a focus reduction neutralization test showed that Dobrava hantavirus was the source of these human infections. Initial results of rodent screening indicated the circulation of Dobrava virus in populations of striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) in eastern Slovakia.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Genetic studies in Medzev, a village in south-eastern Slovakia. 3. Morphogenetic traits.

Eleven anthropometric traits, five indices and eight anthroposcopic and behavioural traits have been studied in the population of Medzev, which is located in the region Spis in South-Eastern Slovakia. An attempt has been made to compare the results of the present study with other population groups in Slovakia, particularly with an ethnogenetically related population from North-Eastern Slovakia (Chmel'nica). Barring zygomatic breadth in males, biogonial breadth in females, biacromial breadth und jugomandibular index in both sexes, hair pigmentation, ear lobe attachment and arm folding, the remaining traits show no significant differences between the Medzev and Chmel'nica population. On the whole, these two populations are closer to each other than to any other Slovakian group.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Epidemiologic and microbiological aspects of mycobacteriosis in Slovakia--Mycobacterium szulgai].

The first case of mycobacteriosis caused by M. szulgai in the territory of Czechoslovakia was discovered in the year 1979 in southern Slovakia and was published in our and foreign literature in the year 1981. The purpose of this investigation is to describe the epidemiological situation of the diseases caused by M. szulgai in Slovakia and to compared it with the experiences in chosen developed countries, especially focused on the localization of the disease, factors of transmission, mechanism of transmission and other epidemiological characteristics. The methodology of this paper is based upon surveillance of tuberculosis applied on mycobacterioses. During the period of last 20 years two cases of the disease without mutual epidemiological connection were discovered. In contradiction to other mycobacterioses, diseases caused by M. szulgai, have not the tendency to endemic occurrence. The most often transmission factors are contaminated water and soil. Both cases of M. szulgai in Slovakia suffered from pulmonary diseases. Other localization reported in other countries, for example: olecranon bursitis, skin infections, cervical adenitis, osteomyelitis and renal disease were not reported in our country up to now. (Ref. 23.)

Humans↗