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Results for “Small glans”

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PubMed2026

The transverse preputial onlay island flap: A reliable option for repair of small-glans hypospadias.

BACKGROUND: The Transverse Preputial Onlay Island Flap (TPOIF) technique is frequently used in cases with mild chordee and small glans. This study's objective was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of this technique at our center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study consisted of hypospadias patients diagnosed with small glans (diameter <14 mm) and mild chordee (<30°), underwent TPOIF urethroplasty. RESULTS: A total of 64 cases were included in this study. The mean glans diameter was 10.6 mm. The complication rate was 9.4 %. CONCLUSIONS: The TPOIF technique provides encouraging results for treating hypospadias with small glans, though larger studies are needed.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Glans condom drainage system.

A form-fitting glans condom has been developed for use in small uncircumcised males with neurogenic bladders to avoid the problems inherent with diapers. The method to make the glans condom and early successful use in 19 of 33 patients are noted.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Single-center experience with isolated male epispadias: Outcomes of Thiersch-Duplay and modified Cantwell-Ransley repairs by anatomical subtype.

BACKGROUND: Isolated male epispadias (IME) is a rare congenital malformation. Surgical repair aims to improve urinary function, correct penile curvature, reconstruct the urethra and glans, and preserve future sexual function. Because available series are small, the influence of anatomical subtype and operative technique on outcome remains incompletely defined. OBJECTIVE: To report single-center outcomes of Thiersch-Duplay and modified Cantwell-Ransley repairs for IME, with attention to anatomical subtype, complications, and age-appropriate continence outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed boys with IME who underwent primary urethral reconstruction in my hospital, Capital Medical University, from May 2005 to June 2024. Data were locked on 30 June 2024. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications graded by the Clavien-Dindo system and urinary continence at last follow-up in patients aged 5 years or older. Secondary outcomes included improvement of preoperative incontinence, ICIQ score, subsequent bladder neck reconstruction, penile appearance/residual curvature when documented, and patient/parent-reported sexual function. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were included: 35 underwent modified Cantwell-Ransley repair and 32 underwent Thiersch-Duplay repair. The cohort included 26 glanular (38.8%), 23 penile (34.3%), and 18 penopubic (26.9%) cases. Median age at surgery was 28 months in both groups. Median age at last follow-up was 92.8 months (IQR 63.9-108.4) after modified Cantwell-Ransley repair and 137.9 months (IQR 77.9-172.6) after Thiersch-Duplay repair (P = 0.011). Procedure distribution differed by meatal location (P = 0.036), although penopubic cases were treated with both procedures. Total complications occurred in 5/35 and 5/32 patients, respectively. Formal continence analysis included 26 modified Cantwell-Ransley patients and 27 Thiersch-Duplay patients aged 5 years or older. Postoperative urinary incontinence persisted in 14/26 (53.8%) and 12/27 (44.4%), respectively. Among age-eligible patients with preoperative incontinence, any improvement was documented in 13/20 (65.0%) and 14/17 (82.4%), and complete remission occurred in 6/20 (30.0%) and 5/17 (29.4%), respectively. Three patients, all with penopubic epispadias treated with Thiersch-Duplay repair, subsequently underwent bladder neck reconstruction for persistent incontinence. Erectile function data were available in 37/67 patients (55.2%). CONCLUSIONS: In this large single-center retrospective cohort, Thiersch-Duplay and modified Cantwell-Ransley repairs had comparable overall complication rates. Continence and reoperation patterns were strongly influenced by anatomical subtype, with penopubic epispadias representing the highest-risk group. These findings support individualized, anatomy-conscious operative planning and prospective evaluation of standardized selection criteria, rather than a single prescriptive algorithm. CLINICAL/TRANSLATIONAL IMPLICATION: This series supports standardized reporting of anatomical subtype, age-appropriate continence outcomes, and graded complications when counseling families and comparing outcomes across centers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

A micromorphological study of the female copulatory organs of buffaloes in Egypt (Bos bubalus L.).

Samples from the different regions of the external genitalia of the Egyptian female buffalo, at different ages and different periods of the oestrus cycle, were examined microscopically after different strains. The walls of both vagina and its vestibule comprised mainly 3 coats; mucosa, musculosa and adventitia. The epithelia lining undergoes changes according to the period of the cycle. The circular muscle layer of vagina splits into 2 in the ventral wall and sandwitches in between a longitudinal layer and reunites oncemore in the dorsal wall. The lamina propria of the vestibula contains the following glandular structures: a) intraepithelial mucussecreting cells, b) large subepithelial glandular masses lying 1/2 cm caudal to hymen and extending for 3 cm caudally and 1 cm laterally in both dorsal and ventral walls, taking the form of compound tubuloaveolar muco-serous glands, and c) small glandular masses lying in the ventral median plane from the region of the fossa clitoridis and gradually disappearing cranially towards the suburethral diverticulum, taking the form of compound alveolar mucous glands. The clitoris is wholly formed of erectile tissue with smooth muscle fibers at its root and fat cells at its tip (glans). However, the latter cells were absent from calves.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Primary malignant melanoma of the penis. Two cases and a review of the literature.

Two cases of primary malignant melanoma of the penis are reported and 35 cases from the world literature are reviewed. The tumour most commonly started in the glans penis and less frequently from the prepuce. The microscopic appearances were identical with those of tumours arising elsewhere in the skin. A comparison is made between the incidence of melanoma of the penis and melanoma occurring elsewhere on the body surface. Evaluation of the best treatment was difficult because the total number of cases was small and the methods of treatment and results so variable. It would seem that the prognosis of malignant melanoma of the penis is generally poor, although there are sufficient examples of long-term survival after total amputation in Stage I disease to suggest that this radical treatment is justified.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Sex determination in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

The general morphology of the external genitalia was examined in 43 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) ranging in age from newborn to adult. At birth, the scrotum was a small irregular fold of skin on either side of the caudal aspect of the penis. The testes were not present in the scrotum until 8--11 months of age. The scrotum covered the penis in the adult male, was devoid of fur, was covered by pearly while nodules, and presented a median raphe. In the young female, the pudendal pad closely resembled the scrotum of the male. The vulva was pendulous, and the small vestibular opening was located near its most ventral aspect and closely resembled the preputial opening of the male. In the adult female, the pudendal pad was pendulous, was studded with white nodules, and closely resembled the scrotum of the male. Sex determination by casual observation resulted in numerous errors. Accurate sex determination was based on differences in the preputial and vestibular openings, demonstration of the glans penis in the prepuce, and palpation of the testes in the scrotum or inguinal region.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Effect of local anesthesia of the penis and dorsal penile neurectomy on the mating ability of bulls.

Eleven bulls were used to study the effect of the loss of nerve sensitivity in the free portion of the penis and glans penis on their ability to copulate. The loss of sensitivity was induced by topical anesthesia, infiltration anesthesia, and dorsal penile neurectomy. Topical anesthesia of the glans penis reduced the ability of the bulls to search for and to locate the vagina and to complete copulation; however, all bulls eventually copulated. Topical anesthesia of the free portion of the penis and glans penis blocked the ability of all bulls to copulate. Infiltration of the glans penis with lidocaine resulted in bulls failing to ejaculate, indicating the need for input from deep nerve receptors. Ten of the eleven bulls with unilateral neurectomy were able to copulate, but a longer time was required. In the one bull that failed to complete intromission and ejaculation, the sectioned nerve made up 75% of the nerve mass to the distal end of the penis, leaving only a small number of functional fibers. With this small number of fibers, there may have been insufficient sensory input to elicit the thrusting responses and to cause the animal to ejaculate. Bulls with bilateral neurectomy were unable to copulate.

Anesthesia, Local↗