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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Snoring.

Eight heavy snorers underwent nocturnal polygraphic recordings. The principal results are the following: 1. Snoring is an inspiratory (or primarily inspiratory) noise linked to subobstruction of the upper airways. It appears with falling asleep (stage 1) and intensified progressively through the deepening of slow sleep; in REM sleep it becomes discontinuous and is comparable to stage 2 snowing in intensity. 2. In heavy snorers, obstructive apneas are always present and particularly abundant during light sleep (state 2) and REM sleep. 3. In heavy snorers during sleep the systemic arterial pressure reaches and remains at levels higher than those of wakefulness instead of diminishing normally. 4. Some degree of alveolar hypoventilation is associated with snoring when the apneas are especially abundant. These findings confirm the existence of significant polygraphic analogies between snoring and hypersomnia with periodic apneas and indicate that snoring may represent the first phase in the development of this syndrome. Moreover, the effects of snoring on alveolar ventilation and the systemic pressure during sleep suggest that heavy, constant snoring has physio-pathological implications for the cardio-circulatory apparatus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle cells induced by snoring vibrations.

Snoring-related vibrations have been proposed as a pathogenic factor contributing to upper airway muscle dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). To investigate whether exposure to snoring vibration is linked to muscle weakness, we used an in vitro vibration model to examine its effects on mitochondrial homeostasis in L6 muscle cells at 8, 12, 24, and 48 h. The findings were then compared with mitochondrial alterations in the upper airway muscles from snorers and patients with OSA. Proteomic analysis of L6 myoblasts revealed extensive remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome at 8 h, affecting pathways involved in oxidative phosphorylation, protein import, ribosome biogenesis, and RNA processing. Respiratory chain remodeling was subunit-specific, with increased abundance of selected components of Complexes I, IV, and V, including NDUFS4, COX5A, and ATP5PD. However, reductions in spliceosome-associated factors, such as SRSF2 and DDX46, along with alterations in mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, indicated impaired RNA processing and protein synthesis. Furthermore, both proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed activation of a mechanosensing-mechanotransduction axis, with early upregulation of integrin subunits and mechanosensitive ion channels, followed by transient activation of focal adhesion signaling. Despite transcriptional upregulation of selected Complex IV subunits Cox5a and Cox6a2, this response was accompanied by accumulation of unspliced pre-mRNA, indicating impaired RNA processing efficiency and a decoupling between transcript and protein levels. Real-time Seahorse assay revealed a collapse of mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic reserve at 8 h. Although mitochondrial oxygen consumption recovered after 48 h, the ability to dynamically upregulate glycolysis remained impaired. In patients, muscle capillarization was impaired, COX activity was reduced, and mitochondrial organization was disrupted. Moreover, transcription of Complex IV subunits COX5A and COX6A2 was, as in vibrated L6 cells, upregulated, suggesting a mismatch between transcript levels and protein expression. We conclude that snoring-induced vibrations are an unrecognized stressor that disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis in muscle by impairing RNA processing, protein synthesis, and mechanotransduction-driven mitochondrial remodeling, leading to transcript-protein uncoupling and likely muscle dysfunction.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Fetal response to periodic sleep apnea: a new syndrome in obstetrics.

Periodic sleep apnea, a chronic sleep deprivation state, in which marked changes in the arterial PO2 and PCO2 tensions have been recorded, is a relatively new syndrome not previously reported in pregnancy. It is characterized by episodes of apnea, prevalently obstructive, during sleep. The majority of patients with this syndrome have snored heavily for years, suggesting a causal relationship between snoring and periodic sleep apnea. The effects of prolonged snoring on alveolar ventilation and systemic pressure(s) suggest that this snoring has physiopathological implications on maternal cardio-respiratory reserve and indirectly upon the fetus, especially as there are recordable changes in fetal heart rate and also a change in the acid-base status of the fetus. The possibility that this syndrome may have an adverse effect upon the fetus is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hypersomnia-sleep apnea due to micrognathia. Reversal by tracheoplasty.

A 67-year-old woman with acquired micrognathia developed severe daytime hypersomnia, loud snoring, nocturnal enuresis, encopresis, and hypertension. A polysomnogram demonstrated 564 sleep apneas, primarily obstructive, recurrent hypoxia, a bradytachycardia, and absent stages III, IV, and REM sleep. Endoscopy during sleep revealed recurrent active closure of the upper pharynx associated with loud snoring. A tracheoplasty was done because of severity of symptoms and failure of conservative therapy. Dramatic improvement in sleepiness and hypertension occurred within 48 hours. On postoperative night 15 a repeated polysomnogram showed only 23 apneas, no hypoxia or bradytachycardia, and long periods of stage II, IV, and REM sleep. Patients with the hypersomnia-sleep apnea syndrome should be provided with a tracheal opening during sleep when severe daytime somnolence, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension are present.

Aged↗
PubMed2026

Wearable Sleep Monitoring in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Associations With Subjective Sleep Ratings and Neurocognitive Functioning.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances are associated with increased fatigue, reduced quality of life, and neurocognitive dysfunction and have emerged as a common complication among pediatric cancer survivors. Sleep disturbances are particularly concerning given their potential to exacerbate existing neurocognitive impacts of cancer treatments. This pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a home-wearable EEG-based sleep device (Sleep ProfilerTM) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors as well as associations between specific sleep parameters and neurocognitive functioning. PROCEDURE: Children (ages 8-12; M = 10 years, SD = 1.6; N = 23) >6 months post-treatment for ALL were enrolled at clinical visits and wore the Sleep ProfilerTM for two consecutive nights at home, followed by neurocognitive testing of attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and processing speed. Parents completed subjective measures of child sleep, anxiety, depression, and acceptability. Feasibility reflected the percentage of children wearing the device at least one night and the percentage of nights with good EEG quality data. RESULTS: All participants wore the device both nights, with 84% meeting the threshold for good quality measurement. Few children met recommended quantity and quality sleep thresholds based on objective measurement, including 5 patients with elevated snoring levels; 43.5% of subjective ratings fell above the threshold for sleep disturbance. Greater sleep latency was associated with worse inhibitory control (r = -0.42, p = 0.046), and total sleep time was positively associated with inhibitory control and attention. CONCLUSIONS: Findings confirm the feasibility and acceptability of home EEG sleep monitoring in school-age survivors, and associations of sleep latency and snoring with reduced neurocognitive functioning may offer modifiable risk factors for aspects of neuropsychological dysfunction common in pediatric survivorship. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: At the time this study was conducted, we were not required to register the study on ClinicalTrials.gov. It was a single-institution feasibility study without intervention, which was not considered a clinical trial.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

The Pickwickian syndrome with hypertrophy of tonsils: a re-appraisal.

Pronounced tonsilar hypertrophy was found in two obese patients suffering from hypersomnolence, periodic attacks of apnea and disturbing snoring at night. Both patients underwent tonsillectomy. Immediately after the operation the hypersomnolence disappeared, the breathing became normal, and the disturbing snoring at night ceased. Follow-up over a period of three years did not reveal any recurrence of these symptoms, even though the patients had not lost any weight during this period.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Causal Relationships Between Modifiable Risk Factors and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

INTRODUCTION: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent digestive disorder, yet the causal roles of modifiable risk factors remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between 28 modifiable risk factors (including obesity traits, mental health disorders, sleep traits, metabolic comorbidities, and serum parameters) and GERD using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Our findings aim to inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies for GERD. METHODS: This study obtained data from extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Pooled data associated with gastroesophageal reflux associations were obtained from the 23andMe Research team's research, which included a total of 129,080 cases of gastroesophageal reflux and 473,524 controls of European ancestry. We conducted a univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to ascertain whether genetic evidence of exposure demonstrated a statistically significant association with the risk of GERD. Subsequently, a multivariable MR analysis was carried out to estimate the independent effects of the exposures on GERD. RESULTS: Univariable MR analysis utilizing extensive GWAS data suggested that genetic factors such as BMI, Waist circumference, Arm fat mass (left and right), Leg fat mass (left and right), Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Schizophrenia, Negative emotions (including nervousness, anxiety, tension, or depression), Insomnia, Sleep apnea syndrome, Sleep duration, and Snoring, as well as Total cholesterol levels and Apolipoprotein B levels, are associated with the development of GERD. Multivariate Mendelian randomization of BMI and Negative emotion as correction factors showed that Waist circumference, Arm fat mass (left and right), Leg fat mass (left and right), ADHD, Insomnia, Sleep apnea syndrome, and Snoring were associated with an increased risk of GERD (p< 0.05). Conversely, longer sleep duration was associated with a reduced risk of GERD (p< 0.05). DISCUSSION: This MR study reveals novel causal mechanisms in GERD pathogenesis: (1) Peripheral adiposity (arm/leg fat mass) exerts independent effects beyond central obesity, indicating site-specific fat distribution significance; (2) ADHD emerges as a distinct psychiatric risk factor independent of mental disorders; (3) Sleep apnea operates through BMI-independent pathways. Collectively, these findings redefine GERD pathophysiology, highlighting fat depot specificity and brain-gut interactions as critical mechanistic drivers. CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings suggest that multiple risk factors are associated with the risk of GERD. These results provide a theoretical basis for controlling body weight and plasticity, improving sleep habits, and preventing and timely seeking medical attention to reduce the occurrence of psychiatric disorders, which will be important strategies to prevent and alleviate GERD.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Genetic Association Between Sleep Traits and Vertigo Risk: A Two-sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest the potential association between sleep traits and vertigo; however, causal evidence remains limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the relationship between genetically predicted sleep traits and vertigo with the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHODS: Instrumental variables for sleep traits (snoring, sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, daytime napping, and chronotype) were adopted from genomewide association studies (GWAS) data of European ancestry from UK Biobank. The summary-level datasets of vertigo were retrieved from the GWAS of FinnGen. Inversevariance weighted (IVW) method was adopted as the main analysis. RESULTS: IVW analysis revealed a significant association between genetically predicted daytime napping (OR = 1.51, 95% CI =1.08-2.12, P = 0.016) and chronotype (OR = 1.13, 95% CI =1.01-1.26, P = 0.033), both of which were associated with an increased risk of vertigo. However, we did not find evidence for a causal effect of snoring, overall sleep duration, long sleep duration, short sleep duration, insomnia, and excessive daytime sleepiness on vertigo. No reverse causality was detected. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that abnormal sleep patterns may serve as risk factors for vertigo disorders and offer opportunities for the prevention and management of vertigo disorders.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Sleep-disordered breathing subtypes and future diet quality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and diet quality impact cardiometabolic disease, but few studies have examined if SDB influences diet quality. This study estimated the association between SDB subtypes (with and without sleepiness) and future diet quality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. METHODS: Probable SDB was characterized by self-reported physician-diagnosed sleep apnea (PDSA) or habitual snoring and subtyped by presence or absence of sleepiness. A food frequency questionnaire measured diet 1.6 years before, and 7.8 years after SDB assessment. Diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI). Mean differences in AHEI at follow-up by SDB subtypes were estimated with multivariable linear regression adjusting for baseline AHEI, demographic, and lifestyle factors. RESULTS: Among 3294 participants (mean age 62 years, 51% women), 29.5% had SDB. When grouped by sleepiness, 20.6% had SDB without, and 8.9% had SDB with, sleepiness. Adjusting for baseline diet and potential confounders, those with SDB had lower follow-up AHEI scores compared with unaffected individuals (mean AHEI difference [95% CI]: -1.02 [-1.69, -0.35]). Upon stratifying by sleepiness, both groups had lower AHEI scores at follow-up compared with unaffected individuals, and the difference was greater for those with sleepiness (mean score difference [95% CI]: -0.8 [-1.56, -0.04], without sleepiness; -1.52 [-2.59, -0.45], with sleepiness). The difference between those with and without sleepiness was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In a multi-ethnic cohort, SDB was associated with lower diet quality after 7.8 years and this association was larger among participants with SDB with sleepiness.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Sleep apnea, hypopnea and oxygen desaturation in normal subjects. A strong male predominance.

Thirty asymptomatic men and 19 asymptomatic women were monitored during one night's sleep to determine the incidence of breathing abnormalities and oxygen desaturation in normal subjects. Twenty men accounted for 264 episodes of nocturnal oxygen desaturation or abnormal breathing. Women never experienced oxygen desaturation, and only three had a total of nine episodes of apnea. These sex differences were highly significant (P less than 0.003). In men, increasing age and obesity correlated positively with the incidence of nocturnal oxygen desaturation and abnormal breathing. Four asymptomatic men weighing more than 90 kg dropped their saturation to very low levels (68 to 72 per cent). Abnormal breathing and oxygen desaturation during sleep in subjects with chronic obstructive lung disease of the syndrome of hypersomnolence with periodic breathing may represent the superimposition of smoking or obesity on a normal tendency to snoring and oxygen desaturation in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Two occult causes of insomnia and their therapeutic problems.

Insomnia may be associated with a sleep-induced apnea syndrome in nonobese patients who snore. The "central" type of apnea appears to be predominant in this population, in opposition to Pickwickian and nonobese hypersomniacs. An abnormal "swallowing reflex syndrome," also induced by sleep, may be a differential diagnosis. Sleeping pills that are central nervous system depressants should be cautiously prescribed for patients with such syndromes.

Adult↗