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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1985

Stretching exercise and soccer: effect of stretching on range of motion in the lower extremity in connection with soccer training.

Forty-eight players from four senior, male soccer teams were tested for ranges of motion (ROM) in the lower extremity before, immediately after, and 24 h after different forms of soccer training. The players were tested after regular soccer training (A), after soccer training with contract-relax stretching prior to beginning the session (B), and after soccer training with stretching added at the end of the program (C). Each training session lasted 1.5 h. In group A all six ROMs were decreased 24 h after the training. In group B the only change in ROM noted was an increase in knee flexion directly after the training. In group C there was an increase in hip extension, hip flexion, and knee flexion directly after the training.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Soccer accidents in the French Rhône-Alpes Soccer Association.

The analysis of 6153 accidents reported to the insurance company of the French Rhône-Alpes Soccer Association, for the 1980-81 season was undertaken, providing a survey of acute pathology in French soccer accidents and an estimation of the cost of this pathology to French society. Findings from this study include: injuries--ankle sprain is the most common; fractures prevail in the young players pathology; exposure--the average risk is one accident for 20 matches; the highest risk is for the senior category; collisions with opponents is the main cause of accidents; the first 5 minutes of the second half have a peak of accidents; the players exposure is roughly the same whatever their position on the ground; risk--winter should not increase the risk if the matches are played under good conditions; the risk is unevenly distributed according to the level of practice; cost--the cost for France over 1 year was estimated at US$20,000,000 and the total number of sick leave days at 2000 years; games with several accidents are very common in January and for the adult category. Consequently, tightening up the safety measures would be a very good investment.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Soccer injuries to the brain. A neuropsychologic study of former soccer players.

Thirty-seven former soccer players of the National Football Team of Norway were individually examined with an extensive battery of psychologic tests. The neuropsychologic examination demonstrated mild to severe deficits regarding attention, concentration, memory, and judgment in 81% of the players. This may indicate some degree of permanent organic brain damage, probably the cumulative result of repeated traumas from heading the ball.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Physiological training effects of playing youth soccer.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a 9-wk youth soccer program had any effect on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max and VO2submax), peak knee torque, and flexibility. Subjects were 20 sixth grade boys, 11 of whom were members of a YMCA soccer team: 9 were normally active boys who were not participating in any organized sport during the study who served as a control group. Mean ages (+/- SD) were 11.8 +/- 0.34 and 11.5 +/- 0.60 yr for the soccer and control group, respectively. Initial VO2max values of 49.83 and 47.42 ml . kg-1 . min-1 for the soccer and the control group, respectively, are similar to those reported in the literature for untrained normal boys of this age. Results indicated that playing soccer three times weekly increased VEmax and reduced VO2 (ml . kg-1 . min-1 and 1 . min-1) at a submaximal running speed (all P's less than 0.05), while no change in VO2max was noted. No significant training effect was observed in peak knee torque or flexibility subsequent to soccer training. It is concluded that the effects of playing soccer in these subjects resulted in no change in cardiorespiratory fitness, peak knee torque, or flexibility.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1992

Physiological profiles of Hong Kong élite soccer players.

Most physiological profiles of élite soccer players originate from Western Europe and North America. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of descriptive data on the physical characteristics of Asian soccer players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological profiles of élite soccer players in Hong Kong. It was conducted in conjunction with the selection of the Hong Kong team before the 1990 Beijing Asian Games. In all, 24 professional soccer players were selected from a pool of 180 players as subjects for the study. The following means(s.d.) were observed: height 173.4(4.6) cm; weight 67.7(5.0) kg; body fat 7.3(3.0)%; forced vital capacity (FVC) 5.1(0.6) l; maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) 59.1(4.9) ml kg-1 min-1; anaerobic threshold (AT 80.0(7.2)% of VO2max; alactic power index 13.5(2.4) W kg-1; lactic work index 298(27) J kg-1; peak isokinetic dominant knee extensor and flexor strengths 2.72(0.36) Nm kg-1 and 1.65(0.20) Nm kg-1. On average the physique of Hong Kong soccer players appeared to be smaller and lighter than those found in Europe, which may be one of the key factors that contribute to the lack of success of Hong Kong soccer teams in international competition.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

The Effectiveness of Passive Half-Time Interventions on Simulated Second-Half Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players.

The half-time period in soccer provides a potentially important window to implement short-duration interventions aimed at maintaining second-half performance. However, passive rest has been associated with a decline in subsequent physical and technical performance. While re-warm-up strategies are well studied, little is known about the efficacy of technology-based, passive recovery modalities, device-supported interventions that require minimal active movement or physical exertion from the athlete, during half-time intervals. This study examined whether percussive therapy, electrical muscle stimulation, and pneumatic compression can mitigate second-half performance decline in male adolescent soccer players. Forty-three academy-level players (17.5 ± 0.6 years) completed a simulated soccer protocol including the Loughborough Soccer Pass Test (LSPT), repeated 20-meter sprints, and completed Total Quality of Recovery (TQR) assessments before and after half-time. Participants were randomized into one of four intervention groups during the 15-minute half-time interval: Passive Rest (CON), Percussive Therapy (Theragun Pro; TG), EMS (PowerDot; PD), and Pneumatic Compression (RecoveryAir; COMP). Linear mixed-effects models assessed Time × Condition interactions for performance and recovery outcomes. Passive half-time rest led to significant deterioration in technical skill, sprint performance, and perceived recovery (p < .05) for the control group. TG and PD significantly improved technical performance (LSPT scores) compared to the control group (d = 0.65 and 0.72, respectively; p < .01). Furthermore, TG and COMP were effective at maintaining 20-meter sprint times (d = 0.58 and 0.49; p < .01), whereas the control group experienced significant slowing. Perceived recovery (TQR) scores significantly declined in the CON group from First Half to Second Half (16.5 ± 2.2 to 11.1 ± 2.3. However, this decline was significantly attenuated in all intervention groups: TG (17.5 ± 1.9 to 14.2 ± 1.9), PD (17.3 ± 1.9 to 15.1 ± 1.9), and COMP (17.6 ± 1.9 to 15.9 ± 2.0). Short-duration passive interventions during half-time can mitigate performance decline in adolescent soccer players. TG and EMS appear most effective for preserving technical skills, while COMP may support perceived recovery. These findings highlight practical strategies for optimizing in-game performance and inform evidence-based half-time protocols.

Humans↗

PubMed1990

Skeletal muscle fiber type, fiber size, and capillary supply in elite soccer players.

This study determined the fiber type composition, the fiber size, and the capillary characteristics of the vastus lateralis muscle in 11 young, elite, male soccer players and 8 sedentary male, age-matched controls. There were no significant differences (P less than 0.05) in the fiber type percentages and fiber diameter between the soccer players and controls; however, all fiber types tended to be larger in the soccer players. The soccer players possessed a greater capillary supply; this was characterized by a significantly greater mean number of capillaries surrounding each fiber (5.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.4), a significantly larger capillary density (282.7 +/- 42.0 vs. 220.8 +/- 38.1), and a significantly higher capillary to fiber ratio (2.2 +/- 0.6 vs 1.7 +/- 0.1). The results indicate that soccer may be an appropriate stimulus for simultaneous adaptation to endurance and high intensity exercise.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Lower extremity preference and knee extensor torques in intercollegiate soccer players.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether lower extremity preference influenced the relationship between the dominant and nondominant knee extensors of intercollegiate soccer players. Twelve recreational athletes and 12 soccer players completed isometric contractions at 60 degrees flexion, and concentric-eccentric contraction cycles at angular velocities of 60 degrees and 180 degrees/s through a range of motion from 90 degrees to 10 degrees knee flexion. Although the soccer players demonstrated greater peak and average torques, and greater differences between their dominant and nondominant legs, they responded similarly to recreational athletes during isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions and produced similar torque-velocity patterns. The concentric/eccentric ratios were similar for both legs and both groups, and decreased as angular velocity increased. The nondominant/dominant ratios of the soccer players, however, were significantly lower than those of the recreational athletes when calculated using peak torque (p less than .02) and nearly so when calculated using average torque (p less than .08). Nondominant/dominant ratios were not affected by the type of contraction or by the angular velocity. Further study is required to determine whether the small asymmetry (about 7%) in knee extensor strength of the soccer players is significant with respect to performance or injury rates, or may be inconsequential.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Comparison of various exercise tests with endurance performance during soccer in professional players.

To evaluate exercise procedures to test the endurance capacity during soccer, individual results in laboratory and field tests were compared to physical performance during the match and further to performance during long term, intermittent exercise. Twenty professional soccer players were video-taped during competitive soccer matches, and the longest total distance (match-distance) and high intensity distance were determined. Blood lactate and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured during treadmill running. The subjects also carried out a continuous and an interval field test. Furthermore, eight players performed a prolonged, soccer-specific, intermittent test to exhaustion. Muscle enzymes and morphological characteristics were determined in biopsy samples obtained from the m. gastrocnemius. The distance covered during the prolonged, intermittent test (mean: 16.3 km; range: 14.8-18.5 km) was not related to match-distance (r = 0.16), however, its correlation coefficient with high intensity distance covered during the match was 0.70. The interval field test distance was strongly correlated (r = 0.83) with the distance covered during the prolonged, intermittent test distance. VO2max (r = 0.64) and blood lactate concentrations during submaximal running (r = 0.58) were related to match-distance, but not to the prolonged intermittent test distance (r = 0.18 and r = 0.27, respectively). The muscle enzyme activities and the morphological variables were not related to match activities nor to prolonged, intermittent exercise performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Previous injuries and persisting symptoms in female soccer players.

One hundred and fifty players in a female senior soccer division, starting up a new season, were examined for past injuries and persisting symptoms. An incidence of 0.18 injury/player/year was found, which is not significantly different from previously reported injury rates for male soccer. Sprains to the lower extremity and shin-splints were the most common previous injuries. Forty-three percent of the players had some kind of persistent symptom as a result of a past injury. Symptoms from previous ankle and knee sprains and from overuse injuries were the most common. Players who had sustained an ankle joint injury were more prone to have persistent symptoms (p less than 0.05) if they had persistent mechanical instability. Compared to previous retrospective studies on men's soccer, the women showed a higher rate of previous patellar dislocations. These injuries often caused persistent symptoms. The women showed fewer serious knee injuries. This might depend on a real difference in incidence or is just a reflection of female players ceasing to play soccer after a severe knee injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Sports injuries in adolescents' ball games: soccer, handball and basketball.

In a prospective study of 302 adolescent players in three ball games (soccer, handball and basketball), 119 incurred injuries. The injury incidence (number of injuries per 1000 playing hours) was 5.6 in soccer, 4.1 in handball and 3.0 in basketball. Ankle sprains accounted for 25 per cent of the injuries, finger sprains 32 per cent, strains in the thigh and leg 10 per cent, and tendinitis/apophysitis 12 per cent. The most serious injuries were four fractures, one anterior cruciate ligament rupture, and two meniscus lesions. The most serious injuries, with the longest rehabilitation period, occurred in soccer. In soccer, many injuries occurred during tackling and contact with an opposing player, while the injuries in handball and basketball were often caused by ball contact and running.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology and traumatology of injuries in soccer.

A prospective investigation of soccer injuries among 123 players participating at various competition levels was undertaken in a Danish soccer club. The injury incidence during games was highest at division level (18.5/1000 hours) and lowest at series level (11.9/1000 hours), whereas the distribution of the incidences during practice was reversed. The youth section (16 to 18 years) had incidences that could be compared to the highest senior level. The lower extremity was involved in 84% of the injuries, including 34% of overuse injuries. Ankle sprains were most common (36%) and equally found at all levels, whereas half of all overuse injuries were seen among division players. Contact injuries during tackling occurred most often in lower series and youths (45%). Players participating at high levels had only 30% of the injuries during tackling and 54% during running. More than half of 20 knee injuries were caused by tackling. Thirty-five percent of injured players were absent from soccer for more than 1 month; 28% had complaints 12 months after the end of the season with knee injuries the most serious. The study shows that the injury incidence, the pattern of injury, and the traumatology varied between players participating at different levels of soccer competition.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Force and power of preferred and non-preferred leg in young soccer players.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of soccer training on strength and power of leg extensor muscles in preadolescent boys and their possible influence in developing a muscular lateral dominance. Twenty male children (mean age 9.6 yr), ten soccer players and ten untrained subjects, participated in this study. Force and power were measured at five constant cranking velocities on an isokinetic bicycle dinamometer. Each isokinetic load was given after each trial. Force and power outputs were calculated for each limb. Soccer players always showed higher and statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for force and power values for all considered pedal frequencies. No significant differences were observed for force and power values between preferred and non preferred limb. The results demonstrate the effect of soccer training on the increase of force and power of both legs regardless of lateral dominance.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1992

Effect of adding cognitively demanding tasks on soccer skill performance.

The effect of adding cognitively demanding elements to the performance of a real-world motor task in which functional interference among the elements in performance existed was investigated across level of expertise. The primary task involved running as quickly as possible through a 15.25-m slalom course. Two secondary tasks were used, dribbling of a soccer ball and identification of geometric shapes projected on a screen located at the end of the slalom course. 4 novice, 5 intermediate, and 5 expert female soccer players served as subjects and performed three trials each of three experimental conditions: running through the slalom course, running through the slalom course while dribbling a soccer ball, and running through the slalom course while dribbling a soccer ball and identifying geometric shapes. Analysis of variance using a 3 (experimental condition) x 3 (level of expertise) design gave significant main effects and a significant interaction. The latter indicated that, although the addition of cognitively demanding elements caused a decrement in performance, the amount of decrement decreased as level of expertise increased. It was concluded that structural interference between elements of performance decreased the positive effect of automation of one element on dual task performance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Maxillofacial and dental soccer injuries in Finland.

Between 1979 and 1982 there were 8640 accidents to registered soccer players in Finland. Of these, 552 (6.4%) affected the maxillofacial and dental regions. Medical records were located relating to 537 of these cases (97%). There were a total of 843 injuries, of which 681 (80.8%) affected the teeth or alveolar processes, and 95 (11.2%) were fractures of the lower or middle third of the facial skeleton. The most common cause of the accidents (in 86.4% of cases) was contact with another player. The mean cost of maxillofacial and dental injuries was over twice as high as the mean cost relating to all soccer injuries. The need for the use of mouthguards by soccer players to protect against such injuries is discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Isokinetic torque levels for knee extensors and knee flexors in soccer players.

The knee extensor and knee flexor strengths were measured isokinetically (30 degrees, 180 degrees/s) and isometrically with a Cybex II device in three groups of male soccer players (national team players, n = 13; division I, n = 15; division IV, n = 180) and a group of nonsoccer players (n = 32). There were difference in strength between soccer players and nonsoccer players and between players from different divisions. Correction for body surface area did not affect the results. The knee flexor/knee extensor ratio (H/Q ratio) was significantly higher for soccer players than for nonsoccer players. The fast-speed/slow-speed ratio for knee extensors was higher for nonsoccer players and for national team players than for players from divisions I and IV.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1991

Recording soccer players' heart rates during matches.

The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of obtaining information about the heart rate and physiological load imposed on soccer players during a game. The study was conducted on 27 soccer players, 9 each from semi-professional, university and recreational soccer teams. Players from all positions (attack, midfield and defence) were selected for the study. Each subject's heart rate was monitored during a match using a short-range radio telemetry (Sport Tester PE3000), and was sampled at 5-s intervals. The results indicate that it is possible to monitor successfully the heart rate of players with such equipment. The mean heart rate and standard deviation for each player during match play were: semi-professional players (172 +/- 12, 176 +/- 9 and 166 +/- 15 for forwards, midfielders and defenders, respectively); university players (171 +/- 13, 173 +/- 10 and 156 +/- 13 for forwards, midfielders and defenders, respectively); and recreational players (173 +/- 13, 170 +/- 12 and 162 +/- 13 for forwards, midfielders and defenders, respectively). Analysis by playing position revealed that midfield and forward players has a greater mean heart rate during a game than defensive players. To examine the suitability and accuracy of the two methods of obtaining objective data on heart rate, comparisons were made between the Sport Tester PE3000 and a standard electrocardiograph (ECG) telemetry technique. The results show that both techniques produce similar results; the former was the more convenient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Creatine formulations and repeated sprint training: effects on physical and physiological adaptations in soccer players during the short-term preparation phase.

BACKGROUND: This research examined the impact of various creatine (Cr) supplementation formulations during a 4-week preparatory phase on the efficacy of repeated sprint training (RST) and on improvements in physical and physiological performance in male soccer athletes. METHODS: A total of forty collegiate young soccer players volunteered for the study. They were randomly divided into four groups: creatine monohydrate (Cr-Mon, n = 10), creatine ethyl ester (Cr-Ee, n = 10), creatine hydrochloride (Cr-Hcl, n = 10), and placebo (PL, n = 10). All athletes engaged in a 4-week training intervention, three times a week (i.e. 12 sessions), and physical (countermovement vertical jump [CMVJ], 20-m sprint, and L-run) and physiological (Wingate anaerobic power and incremental exercise tests) performance were assessed both before and after the training period. RESULTS: All training groups improved physical and physiological performance following the 4-week intervention period (p < 0.05). Additionally, the groups receiving the Cr supplement exhibited significantly greater changes (p = 0.001) in physical performance, peak power output, and fatigue index compared to the PL group. However, no significant differences were found among the groups regarding mean power output and VO2max. Notably, the Ee and Hcl forms of Cr showed superior gains (p < 0.05) in physical performance and peak power compared to the Mon form after the 4-week intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The results underscore the importance of Cr ingestion in enhancing adaptations for short-term physical performance tasks, highlighting the effectiveness of the Ee and Hcl forms in further improving the CMVJ, 20-m sprint, L-run, and peak power among soccer players during the short-term preparation phase.

Humans↗