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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Ambulatory and inpatient costs for diagnosis and therapy of one AIDS patient at the Frankfurt University Clinic, with special reference to the increasing social problem, including social welfare from the time of diagnosis to death].

Exact cost analysis related to an exemplary case of AIDS disease at the university hospital of Frankfurt. There have been calculated the hospital and out patient care costs according to a completely documented case study. The calculation of the indirect costs does concern the payment of sickness benefit as well as social security costs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Social problems.

It has long been established that social deprivation adversely affects health, including that of the pregnant woman and her baby; it is therefore justifiable to use medical resources in the treatment of social problems. Antenatal inpatient care was originally seen as potentially beneficial for women without major medical problems, but such a philosophy is not reflected in current practice. Current antenatal outpatient services do not address the needs of women with social problems who, viewing such services as hostile, may fail to attend. Special services such as help with drugs problems or HIV counselling or screening may be rejected from fear of prejudice and consequent repercussions. Such prejudice often arises because staff do not fully understand the issues involved. Antenatal care for women with social problems should consider women in the context of their families and social environment and should be provided by a small number of familiar staff forming part of an integrated multidisciplinary team in close and regular contact. Antenatal admission, if it is the woman's wish, should be viewed as justified in the management of social problems; conversely, women should not be pressurized into admission or made to feel guilty if unable to comply. Outpatient antenatal services should be conveniently sited in the community close to other relevant services and should be flexible, not only in terms of organization and format, but also in the roles of the participants. They should be comprehensive, but with special services in addition to, not instead of, routine care, and provided by a team of appropriately trained staff. In the provision of antenatal care for women with social needs, no single format will be universally applicable or desirable, and the precise design and content of the service should be variable according to local requirements and should take account of the women's wishes as well as their needs. Ultimately it will only be if the women perceive the service as being in their interests and as meeting their needs that they will use it; only if they choose to use it, will it have any chance of success.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1990

The construction of elder abuse as a social problem: a Canadian perspective.

This article uses the social constructionist approach to social problems as claims-making activities and Blumer's theory of the developmental stages of social problems to analyze how elder abuse has been constructed as a social problem in Canada and how interest groups have been mobilized to deal with the alleged problem. Clearly, elder abuse has emerged as a social problem (often under the family violence rubric) and has received some legitimation from professional groups and representatives of government. Efforts to mobilize social action against elder abuse at a national level and to develop legislation and other policy initiatives have, however, so far met with mixed success. While elder abuse has been trumpeted by some claims-makers as a major new form of family violence, the absence of a strong elder lobby group and the absence of developed ideologies (e.g., feminism in the case of wife abuse and child sexual abuse) have resulted in elder abuse receiving much less attention than other problems grouped under the family violence rubric. Indeed, most of the legislation that presently exists in Canada deals not with the abuse of the elderly as a class but with the provision of services to dependent, incompetent adults whether they are elderly or not.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A qualitative and serial analysis of social problem solving in aggressive boys.

Social problem solving skills in 84 elementary school aged boys were assessed to identify those responses most salient in the prediction of ratings of aggressive and socially withdrawn behavior. Aggressive and socially withdrawn boys did not differ from the control group in the number of effective first solutions generated to the hypothetical stories. The control group generated significantly more effective solutions as second alternatives to the stories than did the aggressive or socially withdrawn boys. In addition, the number of effective second responses generated significantly predicted both aggression and social withdrawal after controlling for verbal problem solving. Results are discussed in terms of differences in cognitive processes as well as implications for treatment.

Aggression↗
PubMed1990

The perception of social problems by husbands and wives in the community.

The Social Problem Questionnaire (SPQ) was completed by 132 Italian married couples who were part of a stratified community sample of 207 families. Agreement between husbands and wives on problems in housing, finance, marriage, family and social relationships was assessed by product moment correlation coefficients, weighted kappas, specific agreement indices and three way analysis of variance. The results showed that couples agreed well on the absence but not on the presence of social problems. Although husbands' and wives' ratings on the severity of problems correlated significantly, wives consistently tended to give higher ratings than their husbands. The implications of these results for social research and community surveys are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Social problems of women patients in a private obstetrics and gynecology clinic.

Patients present or exhibit problems other than physical ones to their physicians and need access to some type of assistance for them. Over a 1 year period, women patients were referred to and seen by the medical social worker employed by a private obstetrics and gynecology clinic. Their social problems were studied by content analysis of patients' records, patients' social services cards, and monthly social services summaries. Results showed that 163 women exhibited 288 social problems consisting of three major types, financial, marital, and emotional. Various relationships were shown between the type of social problem and the primary reason the patient visited the clinic. It was also shown that if a patient has a financial problem, she is more likely to have a greater number of social problems than are other patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social problems of infertile women in India.

Female partners of 200 consecutively seen infertile couples attending our infertility clinic were interviewed on a structured, precoded form for the social problems faced by the childless women. One or more social problems were present in 34% couples, of whom 53% faced abandonment. Sixteen percent of the women had a strained relationship with their husbands. Social problems increased with duration of marriage and infertility, while these decreased with increase in age, education, and income of the husband. Similarly, the problems decreased with women's education and income. Only seven couples had requested AID.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Life events, social problems and physical health status as predictors of emotional distress in men and women in a community setting.

The main aim of this study was to construct logistic models of emotional distress (defined as a GHQ-30 score of 6 or greater) in a community sample of 226 men and 225 women. The independent variables included were: sociodemographic characteristics, physical health status, social problems and undesirable life events. Univariate comparisons showed that in both sexes undesirable life events and social problems were associated with emotional distress; in men the presence of physical symptoms and widowed, separated or divorced status also showed such an association. Separate logistic regression models for men and women confirmed the importance of undesirable life events and social problems as predictors for emotional distress. In women there was also a significant interaction effect between the two variables on emotional distress. Sociodemographic characteristics and physical health status did not exert a statistically significant effect in these models.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Social problem solving among popular and unpopular children.

The present study investigated two issues related to children's social status and problem solving: the content of problem-solving measures and judgments of the quality of responses to social problems. Three types of social problem situations were studied: peer entry/initiation, maintaining social interaction, and management of conflict. The quality of children's strategies for solving these problems was rated on two dimensions: effectiveness and social competence. Liked-most children obtained significantly more effective and socially competent ratings than liked-least children for only one of the social problem situations--management of conflict. Significant differences between liked-most and liked-least children were also found between the quality of their best effective and best socially competent solution and their worst socially competent solutions. Results are discussed in terms of the psychometric adequacy of social problem-solving measures and the resultant problems in interpretation.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Australia's most pressing social problem: nursing vs non-nursing students' views.

Nursing and non-nursing students (N = 297) were surveyed in 1989 for their opinion of 'Australia's most pressing social problem'. Significant differences were found between the two groups. Although race relations in Australia headed the concerns of both groups of students, nursing students consistently chose health-related issues as their choices for 'the most pressing social problem' facing the Australian nation. Several explanations for this 'focused' interest of nursing students are discussed in the paper, in the context of the possible different socialisation of students before entering tertiary study and the need for sociology education for nursing students.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Health and social problems of refugees.

Today over 15 million refugees are scattered around the world, most of them in poor Third World countries [New Sci., pp. 14-15, September 1991]. But whether they seek 'safe havens' in rich or poor countries they continue to suffer from the malaise of being uprooted, struggling to survive in new and alien environments. Their health and social problems extend beyond the obvious emergency short-term phase. It is now clear that the number of refugees has increased beyond expectations and most have stayed long enough to expect final resettlement in their countries of asylum, a process which requires wider, more comprehensive and long-term management and rehabilitation interventions. This paper will attempt to highlight issues of health and social problems in their wider context, surveying comprehensive and integrated approaches in assessing the needs of refugees, whether they are in developing or industrialised countries, with emphasis on the latter and, when appropriate, using the United Kingdom experience as an example.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1992

Depression and social problem solving.

Twenty depressed patients with major depressive disorder, 20 nondepressed matched control subjects, and 17 patients with anxiety disorders were compared in different measures of social problem solving. Problem solving was assessed with the Means-Ends Problem-Solving Test (Study 1), the solution of personal problems, and a problem-solving questionnaire (Study 2). Results showed that, as predicted, depressed subjects suffered from a deficit in problem solving in all three measures. The majority of these deficits were also displayed by the clinical control group rather than being specific to a diagnosis of depression. However, depressed subjects produced less effective solutions than did normal and clinical control subjects. The results suggest that depressed and anxious patients may have difficulties at different stages of the problem-solving process.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A study of social problems in a group of young women treated with brief psychotherapy.

This paper reports on a series of young women with social problems treated with brief psychotherapy in a NHS setting and fulfilling difinite selection criteria. It is suggested that we have paid more attention to the role of the mother infancy and have tended to neglect the influence of the father. While we have studied emotional change in the growing child we have not perhaps made sufficient allowance for changes in parents. This study examines the role of the father in his daughter's adolescence. Awareness of this factor in the clinical setting might help to shorten the course of psychotherapy in appropriate cases. Sociologically it is relevant to our views on parenthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Psychological and social problems in HIV infection: interviews with general practitioners in London.

OBJECTIVE: To assess current practice and opinions of general practitioners in London about managing psychological and social problems relating to HIV infection. DESIGN: A stratified random sample of general practitioners, including those with a range of experience of people with HIV infection, were interviewed by medically trained interviewers. SETTING: Doctor's surgeries. PARTICIPANTS: 270 General practitioners working within the area covered by London postcodes. RESULTS: Two thirds of doctors had treated at least one patient with HIV infection and described their work with these patients. General practitioners were counselling and educating many of their patients about AIDS and associated risk behaviours and were aware of the need for careful attention to confidentiality. Doctors with no experience of patients with HIV infection were often older, in singlehanded practice, less inclined to deal with drug abusers or to counsel their patients on risk behaviours, and more in favour of insurance companies' policies towards people with HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: General practitioners in London are quickly becoming involved in the care of patients with HIV infection and their relatives and friends. Many are counselling patients and testing for antibodies themselves and regard this as an integral part of their work. A considerable workload in primary care comprised patients who obsessively fear contracting HIV infection.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1991

Depression. Nursing implications of a clinical and social problem.

Depression is a phenomenon with concurrent personal, social, and clinical dimensions. Each person is affected by depression differently and expresses depressive symptomatology in a unique manner. Socially, the incidence of depressive illness in the general population is three times that of schizophrenia. The cost of depression in terms of lost days at work and treatment is estimated to be $29 billion in 1991. Diagnosing and treating depressive illnesses depend on the clinical manifestations of the illness and the assessment skills of the practitioner. Different treatment modalities such as psychotherapy, psychopharmacology, and electroconvulsive treatments can be effective singularly or in combination to assist the patient in regaining his or her functionality in daily life.

Depression↗
PubMed1977

[Psycho-social problems in rehabilitation (author's transl)].

This contribution contains the results of a study on rehabilitation of patients undergoing treatment in the Alpen-Sanatorium in Bad Tölz, Germany, which was planned as a prestudy for an extensive examination of psycho-social problems of this group of patients and their chances for rehabilitation. The especially important age-group of those between 50- and 60-years-old for a successful geroprophylaxis was chosen. In this essay the connections between graded seriousness of the illness and the social classes of the patients as well as the following problems: difficulties, situated in the personality, general satisfaction with place in life, real worries, disturbances in childhood and youth, and decisive turning points in life, are worked out.

Aged↗