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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Financial status of social security program after the Social Security Amendments of 1977.

The Social Security Amendments of 1977 resulted in substantial improvement in the current and projected financial condition of the OASDI program. This article reviews the causes of the recent operating deficits, describes the effects of the amendments that most influence the program's financial status, and gives projections of income and expenditures under the new law. The revised benefit formula eliminates the "over-indexing" expected to occur under the old provisions and results in stable earnings-replacement ratios under practically all future economic conditions. About one-half of the long-range actuarial deficit was resolved by this step alone. Increases in the contribution and benefit base, along with tax-rate reallocations and increases, prevent the imminent depletion of the OASI and DI trust funds. Increased income due to the higher wage bases is partially offset in later years, however, by greater benefit payments based on the increases in the coverage of total earnings. Overall, under the new law the OASDI program is projected to be financed adequately for about 50 years but significant operating deficits are expected after that. The financial condition of the hospital insurance program was substantially unchanged by the amendments, however, and the HI trust fund is expected to be exhausted in 1988.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1975

[Epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders under a social security system (Institute of Social Security and Services for Government Workers)].

The present study, fourth in the national literature about general psychiatric epidemiology, refers the experience of a social security system through the study of a sample obtained in a year of work of an important neurologic and psychiatric clinic of this system, studying relevant characteristics of 1 054 subjects in a total 7 102 acute and chronic psychiatric patients, showing a prevalence of 180 per 100 000 habitants. We found 36 different psychiatric disorders, most of them psychoneurotic in ambulatory patients and psychotic forms in hospitalized. The last ones made the 0.022% of the total sample. The biggest frecuency is made by young adults with moderate predominance of females than males. The sample is formed near the 10% by patients of 26 states of Mexican Republic. The period of major frecuency are the months of vacations of government workers, most of them of Public Education Secretary (Secretaría de Educación Pública). We comment some epidemiological articles of Mexican medical literature concerning psychiatric disorders and some socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of mental pathology in our country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Men and women: changing roles and social security.

In the Social Security Amendments of 1977, Congress called for a study to examine ways to eliminate dependency as a factor in determining entitlement to spouse's benefits under the social security program as well as proposals to bring about the equal treatment of men and women. The report of the study undertaken in response to that change explores two options for making broad-scale changes--earnings sharing and the establishment of a double-decker benefit structure. The study was conducted by the Social Security Administration with assistance from the Department of Justice Task Force on Sex Discrimination and several other interested bodies. Public views were obtained from responses to the report of the HEW Task Force on the Treatment of Women Under Social Security and letters to the Advisory Council on Social Security. The Advisory Council is expected to make use of this report in its deliberations. The extensive excerpts that follow, which relate to the comprehensive options discussed, are taken verbatim from the summary of the report prepared by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[The place of psychotherapy in an institution of social security].

In a social security system that includes prepaid, integral medical care, psychiatric services function in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation in a close relationship with the rest of medical care, the psychotherapies are part of an eclectic system of psychiatric attention, but also of the psychological aspects of institution-patients, institution-beneficiaries and institution-staff relationships. Within diverse psychotherapeutic schools, common denominators of the therapeutic process are outlined, as well as the background philosophy of the system.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1979

The use of medical records by adjudicators in processing Social Security disability insurance benefit claims.

The Social Security Administration contracts with state agencies to process disability claims filed under the Social Security Act. These state agencies employ physicians and lay adjudicators who secure medical reports from physicians, hospitals and clinics, and use these reports in awarding or denying disability benefits. This nationwide study showed that well over half of the lay adjudicators are involved in developing and interpreting medical information independently. This suggests that appropriate hiring practices, adequate training and certification procedures should be instituted to ensure that the lay disability adjudicators are able to conduct their job efficiently and correctly.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed1976

Does social security support for medical care weaken public health programs?

Social security programs for medical care in Latin American countires have long been regareded as rivals to the Ministries of Health. Although they typically cover only a small fraction of the population theoretically served by the Ministries, they often have larger health budgets; on a per beneficiary basis, their expenditures are invariably much higher. Analysis of relative strengths of social security programs (percentage of economically active persons covered and national per capita outlays), in twelve Latin American countries, however, shows them to have correlation (virtually zero) to the strengths of Ministries of Health (percentage national budgets devoted to public health). It appears that both social security and Ministry of Health expenditures correlate in a strongly positive direction with a country's per capita gross domestic product. There is no evidence that stronger social security programs are associated with weaker Ministries of Health.

Health Expenditures↗
PubMed1979

[Social security nursing in Costa RICA].

This article reviews the development of social security in Costa Rica throughout the various stages of its growth starting in 1941, with special reference to the scope of the health and maternity insurance system and to disability, old-age, and life insurance. After describing the institutional setting of the social security system, the authors analyze the changes that have taken place in the training and performance of duties of nursing staff in the health services, all of which are now part of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund. Lastly, they present the two-year curriculum for training the graduate nurse, and refer to the practice of nursing in the social security system and to the duties performed by the nurse in health education, the actual care of the well and the sick, administration, and research.

Costa Rica↗
PubMed1976

World developments and trends in social security.

A survey of developments in the social security systems of more than 125 countries from 1971 to 1975 found that most programs are undergoing significant growth. This pattern is reflected primarily by the adoption of additional programs and new provisions designed to raise benefit levels, provide flexibility in retirement practices, expand coverage, and cope with demographic changes, inflationary trends, and growing costs. The new measures tend to extend the role of social security programs through providing a greater proportion of the population with more comprehensive protection and setting higher benefit rates to replace income lost because of old age, disability, sickness, work injury, unemployment, or death.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

The development and use of industry data by the Social Security Administration.

Over the past few years the Social Security Bulletin has published a series of technical articles that describe various Social Security Administration (SSA) data files. This article provides an overview of SSA's industry-related data files and statistical systems from both a current and a historical perspective. The author begins by explaining how SSA first collected business data from employers (starting in 1937) as a by-product of the requirement that employers report employee wages for benefit computation purposes. She describes the administrative methods by which the data are collected, SSA's coordination of its activities with other agencies, the data collection forms used, the scheme by which the data are coded, and the employer files into which the data are classified. In her closing, the author provides examples of the various uses of the industry data and the ways that these data relate to SSA's statistical program needs and to those of other agencies as well.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1992

Developments and trends in Social Security, 1990-1992: overview of principal trends.

The article that follows is a reprint of Part I of a report presented by Dalmer D. Hoskins, Secretary General of the International Social Security Association (ISSA), to the organization's XXIVth General Assembly (November 1992, Acapulco). It identifies and interprets the major trends currently influencing the evolution of social security programs around the world, and analyzes these developments against the backdrop of the current economic, demographic, and social environment in which these programs operate. (Part II of the report analyzes the changes according to each major branch of social security; an annex to the report provides more detailed information and source citations in reference to these changes.) The ISSA is a nongovernmental international organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It is made up of 321 social security-related institutions, including the U.S. Social Security Administration, in 122 countries. The Association's aim is to protect, promote, and develop social security worldwide.

International Agencies↗
PubMed1975

Social security and fertility: an international perspective.

A number of population scholars have asserted that social security programs such as old-age programs lead to decreased fertility levels because parents need not rely on children for "security" in old age. There is, however, a paucity of empirical data on the above. This paper analyzes 67 countries and shows that social security programs have a measurable negative effect on subsequent levels of fertility. In fact, the social security programs appear to have as much of an independent impact on fertility as do the traditional correlates of fertility (infant mortality, education and per capita income).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A method for studying social security records in epidemiology. Use in a study on the prognosis of chronic bronchitis (author's transl)].

A method is presented to study, in an epidemiological research, the social security records. This study is based upon records of workers affiliated to the french social security general system. To obtain data which may be compared, it was necessary to take the legislation as a basis; this legislation gives the data which must be in the records. A study of laws and rules has been done to find out these data in the medical record and in the administrative one. A questionnaire is presented. This basic questionnaire should be modified according to the precise objectives of each study and to the characteristics of the population sample. To illustrate this method, some results of a study of chronic bronchitis risk factors are presented in the second part. These results concern 950 men, born in France, aged 30 to 59 in 1960 an still alive in 1972. The study of the long reductions of the ability to work, happened from 1960 to 1971, confirm the disabling character of the group "chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, respiratory insufficiency" which follows immediately cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. The total number of beneficiaries of the social security is already very important and the whole population will be soon concerned. The use of the social security records as data source could give very interesting informations about morbidity. So, it is possible to study representative samples of the general population or of some particular groups, which has up to now, been done only in a slight extent.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Women's worklives and future social security benefits.

More women will earn social security benefits in their own right in the next 30 years than do so at present; their benefits will not necessarily rise in relation to men's benefits. For this to occur, the ratio of women's earnings to men's would have to rise markedly or young women would have to work most of their lives. The earnings ratio has stayed nearly constant, for 25 years at least. In this article, worklives of younger women are estimated from their own early experience plus the completed careers of women now retired. Though their total labor-force activity before retirement age will be greater than that of these older women, the increase will not be sufficient to compensate for the lengthening benefit-computation period. Benefits earned on their own records therefore will not supplant dependent and survivor benefits.

Age Factors↗