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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The concept of mental disorder. On the boundary between biological facts and social values.

Although the concept of mental disorder is fundamental to theory and practice in the mental health field, no agreed on and adequate analysis of this concept currently exists. I argue that a disorder is a harmful dysfunction, wherein harmful is a value term based on social norms, and dysfunction is a scientific term referring to the failure of a mental mechanism to perform a natural function for which it was designed by evolution. Thus, the concept of disorder combines value and scientific components. Six other accounts of disorder are evaluated, including the skeptical antipsychiatric view, the value approach, disorder as whatever professionals treat, two scientific approaches (statistical deviance and biological disadvantage), and the operational definition of disorder as "unexpectable distress or disability" in the revised third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1987). The harmful dysfunction analysis is shown to avoid the problems while preserving the insights of these other approaches.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The social value of fluphenazine decanoate.

The Medical Research Council (England) conducted a double blind placebo controlled trial of fluphenazine decanoate as a form of maintenance therapy for schizophrenic out-patients. The results clearly demonstrated the clinical and social value of the drug in minimizing positive psychotic features, in preventing relapse and thereby alleviating distress amongst the parents of single patients and the wives of married patients. The drug allows the patients to fulfill normal social role expectations.

Aggression↗
PubMed1991

The gay voice in popular music: a social value model analysis of "Don't Leave Me This Way".

The gay voice in popular music and its potential to create positive social change regarding societal values about homosexuality is the focus of the present study. The historical development of the gay voice in popular music is reviewed as an introduction to a critical analysis of the Communards' music video "Don't Leave Me This Way." Using a modified version of the Social Value Model proposed by Rushing and Frentz, the video is analyzed on three levels: (a) narrative content, (b) use of symbols in the narrative, and (c) lyrical content. It is suggested that this video effected a dialectical synthesis of mainstream and homosexual values because it achieved mainstream commercial success while realistically expressing a gay perspective.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative psychosocial study of social values].

A culturally readapted scale of the classical Rokeach scale was applied to a 200-subject sample. Subjects were male and female workers on the one hand, and university men and women, on the other hand. The results of the different subsamples were compared by means of statistical techniques. Later, the same comparison was carried out with data from a similar study performed in Venezuela.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Personal and social value concerns of Scandinavian elderly: a multivariate study.

This study is a descriptive account of the results obtained by a set of three attitudes scales, as part of a larger study on the value concerns of two samples of Scandinavian elderly, one Danish and the other Norwegian. The measuring instruments were the Cantril Self Anchoring Scale, the Life Satisfaction Index-A and Rosencranz-McNevin's Semantic Differential. The results indicate that both samples are equally preoccupied with personal security rather than economic concerns. The Danish sample perceives greater congruence between life goals and achievements than the Norwegians. The Norwegians see their young as deviant from the modal ideology of the adult world, while the Danes perceive the young as drifters, but functionally efficient. No correlation was found between personal life satisfaction and acceptance of youth, a finding at variance with results obtained by the authors among previous U.S. Samples of aged.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Voting behavior of the elderly: motivation and background].

On the occasion of the Dutch election for the Second Chamber of Parliament held on September 6, 1989 the Central Bureau of Statistics conducted a National Voters Survey (NKO). Voting behaviour and information about the backgrounds of this behaviour were collected among 1506 voters. A formerly developed explanatory model of party choice of the electorate also appears to apply to the 382 elderly voters (55 years and older) in the sample. The results show that party choice of elderly is mainly determined by the characteristics income, social class, religion, social values (social criticism) and opinions about politicians. The elderly differ from the younger voters (18-54 years old) on several points. For the elderly, the characteristics sex, education and social class play a more important role, whereas certain values (family values and postmaterialism) are more relevant for the 18-54 year-old group. In addition it turned out that as far as the explanation of party choice is concerned, the elderly are not a homogeneous group. Voters aged 75-plus in particular can be distinguished from the 55-64 and 65-74 year-old groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Enabling or disabling? Students' attitudes toward persons with disabilities.

Persons with disabilities are devalued by society. Occupational therapists may be contributing to this devaluation through their attitudes. This study focused on the attitudes of undergraduate students. From a sample of 223 occupational therapy students and 326 business students at an Australian university, it was found, with the use of the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale-Form A (Yuker, Block, & Young, 1966), that the attitudes of freshman occupational therapy students did not differ significantly from those of their business-major peers. Furthermore, the occupational therapy students' attitudes did not vary with the years of undergraduate education completed. However, those students who had had contact with persons with disabilities beyond the context of a caregiver-care receiver relationship (i.e., those students who had assumed roles that emphasized valued attributes of the person with a disability) had significantly more positive attitudes than did those students without such contact. Educational curricula must address the issue of students' attitudes and, in particular, the facilitation of valued social role contact with persons with disabilities.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗