Clinical evaluation of neutral sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate and acidulated fluoride-phosphate denifrices.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Sodium Fluoride”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
APPARENT DEPRESSION IN THE ABSORPTION OF STRYCHNINE, ALCOHOL AND SULPHANILAMIDE AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF SODIUM FLUORIDE, SODIUM OXALATE, TETRACEMIN AND SODIUM PHYTATE.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Administration, Oral↗
Oxidizing agents as potentiators of the retinotoxic action of sodium fluoride, sodium iodate and sodium iodoacetate.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
[Effects of certain anticoagulants, sodium fluoride, sodium citrate, sodium oxalate and heparin on the glucose level in venous blood in vitro].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
How and when to prescribe sodium fluoride.
Sodium fluoride has now been used for 24 years in an effort to slow down or arrest sensorineural hearing nerve deterioration in patients with stapedial otosclerosis or after stapedectomy, as well as in patients with pure cochlear otosclerosis. Extensive clinical experience in thousands of patients with this therapy has demonstrated its value in arresting previously progressive sensorineural hearing loss. For a long time there were those who objected to this therapy on the basis that it had not been adequately proven by double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. They have been answered by Bretlau's study in Denmark and Fisch's from Switzerland; both investigators confirmed on small groups the value of sodium fluoride by double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Extensive research by Professor Petrovic of Strasbourg while at our tissue culture laboratory at Northwestern University demonstrated the action of sodium fluoride on bone. A nicely designed study with radioactive strontium by Linthicum, House, and Althaus demonstrated its value in promoting maturation of a spongiotic focus. Today there is no reason to hesitate in prescribing this useful, effective, and safe medication to promote maturation of otospongiotic lesions, and thus to slow down or to arrest progression in sensorineural hearing loss.
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural↗
Sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate? A critical view of a meta-analysis on their relative effectiveness in dentifrices.
A detailed examination of nine publications used in a meta-analysis to compare the relative effectiveness of sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate in dentifrices showed important flaws in the process. Some studies were inappropriately chosen. Other selected comparisons between the two compounds favored sodium fluoride when more appropriate comparisons in the same studies, showing either an advantage for sodium monofluorophosphate or a lesser advantage to sodium fluoride, were ignored. Some simple errors also appear to have been made when taking data from the publications. When all these factors are taken into account it seems that three studies favor sodium monofluorophosphate, two favor sodium fluoride and the remaining five either could not or should not be included in a meta-analysis. The only two scientifically conceived and conducted studies failed to demonstrate an advantage of one compound over the other.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
The effect of sodium fluoride and sodium silicate on growth and bone strength of broilers.
Two experiments were conducted using 300 broilers each. Standard broiler diets were supplemented by adding to the drinking water either sodium fluoride or sodium meta-silicate. Sodium fluoride provided 120 ppm Na and 100 ppm F and 120 ppm Na and 74 ppm Si were provided by the sodium silicate. Control groups received tap water. All groups received a standard corn-soybean meal diet and drinking water ad libitum. All broilers were reared in floor pens, and hardwood shavings were used for bedding. Live weights and feed conversion were determined every 2 weeks. Growth rates, feed conversions, and mortality were not affected by the sodium salts in either experiment. Litter conditions in the pens were closely observed, and no differences were found resulting from the addition of either sodium salt to the drinking water. A significant decrease in humeri strength was observed when one wing of broilers in the control and sodium fluoride treated groups was immobilized with tape during the last 2 weeks of each experiment. This loss of strength was not significant in the sodium silicate group. In both experiments, breaking strength and ash content of humeri and tibiae were significantly increased in birds fed the sodium fluoride when compared to the control group. The sodium silicate group yielded intermediate results.
Animals↗
Comparison of the anticaries efficacy of dentifrices containing fluoride as sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate.
The dominance of the marketplace by dentifrices containing fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium fluoride has given rise to great academic and commercial interest regarding the comparison of those two fluoride species. Since the 1970's, several comparative clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the relative anticaries efficacy of dentifrices containing these two agents, generally giving rise to equivocal results. Recently, attention has been turned to investigative efforts which employ information derived from the collective body of relevant comparative clinical studies available in the literature to establish an omnibus conclusion concerning this issue. Beginning with the sign test of Beiswanger & Stookey (1989), and continuing through the meta-analyses of Johnson (1993) and Proskin (1993), this line of research remains vital today. The recent publication of two studies (Marks et al, 1994; Stephen et al, 1994) previously documented in the literature only in abstract form (Conti et al, 1993; Stephen et al, 1993) has given rise to the need for the present meta-analytic reconsideration of the available data. As in the previous meta-analyses, the quantitative results obtained depended on the studies which provided data for the calculations. However, as also indicated in previously-documented meta-analyses, the clinical interpretation of the results, which was based on the guidelines published by the American Dental Association (Council on Dental Therapeutics, 1988), did not vary according to study selection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
American Dental Association↗
The comparative clinical cariostatic efficacy of sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices: a review of trials.
This report reviews the methods and findings of published clinical studies comparing dentifrices containing sodium fluoride (NaF) and sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) for the purpose of determining whether sodium fluoride formulations have superior cariostatic effects. Nine of ten reported trials found a numerical advantage for sodium fluoride dentifrices with highly compatible abrasive systems and the hypothesis that these two fluoride agents have equivalent cariostatic effects is rejected (p = 0.011). Therefore, the collective clinical evidence demonstrates that dentifrices containing NaF have greater cariostatic effectiveness than dentifrices containing Na2PO3F.
Calcium Pyrophosphate↗
Effect of age on the disposition of sodium fluoride.
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is used in the treatment of axial osteoporosis and so is mostly given to old patients. Since its pharmacokinetics has not been studied in the elderly, the pharmacokinetics of an enteric-coated tablet containing 50 mg NaF has been investigated in 15 aged inpatients (aged 65 to 75 y) and 12 young healthy volunteers (aged 21 to 26 y). The serum AUC of fluoride was 1.7-time higher in older than in younger subjects. There was a strong inverse correlation between the AUC and either body surface area (BSA) or glomerular filtration rate (GFR), both of which were very much lower in the elderly. This concluded that if efficacy or safety are related to the bioavailability of fluoride, it may be valuable to adjust the dosage of fluoride accordingly to the GFR and BSA.
Adult↗
Differential activation of rabbit femoral arteries by aluminum fluoride and sodium fluoride.
The effect of fluoride (NaF; 10 mM sodium fluoride plus deferoxamine to chelate contaminating aluminum) and fluoride plus aluminum fluorides (AlF; 10 mM sodium fluoride plus 20 microM aluminum chloride) on activation of rabbit femoral arteries was investigated. AlF and NaF produced large increases in stress (force/muscle cross-sectional area), but temporal changes were dissimilar, as were other indices of muscle activation. Stress produced by NaF developed slowly and only after a long delay of about 15 min, whereas stress produced by AlF developed rapidly after a delay of only about 5 min. NaF-induced contractions were more sustained than AlF-induced contractions. Both AlF and NaF increased the level of cross-bridge phosphorylation and the velocity of muscle shortening, but at comparable stresses, AlF produced greater increases than did NaF. AlF produced a large increase in lP production, whereas NaF produced a small increase. Also, AlF-induced stress was largely insensitive to inhibition by the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine (1 microM), whereas NaF-induced stress was largely inhibited by nifedipine. However, in tissues depleted of calcium, both agents produced potent contractions when CaCl2 was added back to the tissues (EC50 values for AlF, NaF, histamine, phenylephrine and KCl were, respectively, 0.057, 0.085, 0.11, 0.11 and 0.23 mM). AlF, but not NaF, strongly desensitized arteries to phenylephrine, causing a 73% reduction in the ability of phenylephrine to achieve maximum steady-state stress. These data suggest that fluoride contracted rabbit femoral arteries by stimulating L-type calcium channels, and that aluminum fluoride stimulated phospholipase C, producing additional muscle activation.
Aluminum↗
The relative caries-inhibiting efficacy of amine fluoride and sodium fluoride in compatible dentifrices--results of a consensus conference.
A conference concerning the caries-inhibiting efficacy of dentifrices that contain amine and sodium fluorides compared relevant clinical studies and found that both fluoride compounds contribute to the maintenance of dental health. Because of the differing test conditions, the study results cannot, however, be compared. Thus, there is no definite scientific proof of the superiority of one fluoride compound, and no such proof will exist until dentifrices containing amine fluoride and sodium fluoride are tested in a direct clinical comparison.
Amines↗
A comparison between the release of fluoride from sodium fluoride lozenges and bone meal tablets.
The release of fluoride from a fluoride-containing bone meal tablet and a chewable sodium fluoride lozenge to 0.5 M perchloric acid, deionized water, and saliva was compared. In acid, all the fluoride was released from the bone meal tablet (0.25 mg F), while there was a poor release in water and saliva (2-10 %). The release from the sodium fluoride lozenge (0.25 mg F) was essentially complete in water and saliva as well as in acid. Following sucking and chewing on a sodium fluoride lozenge, the mean salivary fluoride concentration increased from 0.04 to 36 parts/10(6) 5 min after intake. Concentrations exceeding the preintake level were still recorded after 20 min. With the bone meal tablet, only a slight increase (to 0.2 parts/10(6)) in the salivary fluoride level was obtained.
Calcium Phosphates↗
Comparative anticaries efficacy of sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices. A two-year caries clinical trial on children in New Jersey and Puerto Rico.
PURPOSE: To provide a head-to-head comparison of the anticaries efficacy associated with two commercially-available and American Dental Association-accepted dentifrices: Crest Cavity Fighting Toothpaste with Fluoristat, containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base, and Colgate Great Regular Flavor Fluoride Toothpaste, containing 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base. The study was conducted in harmony with the published 1988 American Dental Association guidelines for studies geared toward this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study employed a double-blind, parallel-groups, multi-center two-treatment design, and involved third, fourth, and fifth grade schoolchildren from Newark, New Jersey, and from the Cidra and Lares areas of Puerto Rico. Qualifying subjects were stratified according to age and sex, and were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups, with multiple subjects in the same household all assigned to the dentifrice randomly allocated to the first among them. Caries examinations were conducted in accordance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines for the clinical evaluation of drugs to prevent dental caries. After treatment assignment, study participants were instructed to brush their teeth at home with their assigned dentifrice at least twice daily. Brushing instructions were reinforced by the presentation of educational films and lectures at school, by semi-annual mailings to parents, and through the periodic distribution of small novelty gifts along with the dentifrice deliveries, in order to enhance the interest and enthusiasm of study participants. Post-baseline examinations were performed after 1 and after 2 yrs of product use. Two thousand four hundred seventy-nine (2,479) subjects completed this 2-yr study. For these subjects, the mean (S.D.) DFS scores at baseline were 2.77 (3.35) for the Crest group, and 2.66 (3.18) for the Colgate group. For caries increment after 1 yr, the respective means were 1.68 (2.53) and 1.70 (2.57). After 2 yrs, the mean caries increments were 3.56 (4.11) for the Crest group, and 3.56 (4.05) for the Colgate group. RESULTS: The analysis of the 2-yr caries increment scores support the conclusion that the anticaries efficacy associated with Colgate Great Regular Flavor Fluoride Toothpaste is equivalent to that associated with Crest Cavity Fighting Toothpaste with Fluoristat, in accordance with the procedures and standards provided by the published guidelines of the American Dental Association. Further, consistent with those same standards, the results of this study serve to lend additional support to the conclusion that dentifrices formulated with sodium monofluorophosphate provide an equivalent level of anticaries efficacy as to those formulated with sodium fluoride.
Calcium Phosphates↗
Statistical considerations related to a meta-analytic evaluation of published caries clinical studies comparing the anticaries efficacy of dentifrices containing sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate.
The comparison of the anticaries efficacy of dentifrices containing sodium fluoride (NaF) and sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP) has recently been addressed through a meta-analysis of published head-to-head clinical trials. Such an analysis is used to provide an omnibus conclusion on the basis of summary information obtained from several individual studies. An important aspect of a meta-analysis is the determination of which studies from among those available in the relevant literature are to be incorporated into the calculations. The statistical literature provides several perspectives with respect to this issue. A recently-published meta-analysis by Johnson (1993) resulted in the conclusion that dentifrices containing NaF provide significantly lower caries increments than do those containing SMFP. However, a similar analysis utilizing studies identified by Volpe, Petrone & Davies (1993) suggests that no such significant difference exists. The resolution of such conflicting results rests on clinical judgment concerning the issue of study inclusion. The clinical significance of the results of both of these analyses was considered. Despite the differences in the analyses, both support the conclusion that dentifrices containing SMFP provide equivalent anticaries protection as do those containing NaF, in accordance with the standards established in the current American Dental Association Guidelines for the comparison of fluoride dentifrices.
American Dental Association↗
A clinical evaluation of the relative cariostatic effect of dentifrices containing sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate.
A three-year clinical trial was conducted to determine whether a sodium fluoride (NaF) dentifrice had greater cariostatic effects than a sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) dentifrice. Both dentifrices contained 1100 ppm fluoride and silica abrasive systems. A panel of 3,290 children, age 6-16, received one of the two dentifrices for ad libitum home use. The subjects were examined for caries at the baseline and after 2 and 3 years. Results were analyzed both for all children and for those children age 11 years or older at the baseline. The older children were found to have about 50 percent higher new caries increments than did the entire panel of children. In the older, caries- prone children, the subjects using the NaF product experienced significantly (15 percent and 12 percent) fewer new lesions than did the subjects using the Na2PO3F product after 2 and 3 years respectively. In the panel of all children, subjects using the NaF product had numerically, but not significantly, fewer new lesions. The results for this study, showing significantly greater cariostatic benefits in caries-prone children for a sodium fluoride dentifrice with a highly compatible system, are consistent with findings of other investigators.
Adolescent↗
A critical review of the 10 pivotal caries clinical studies used in a recent meta-analysis comparing the anticaries efficacy of sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices.
The 10 pivotal caries clinical studies employed in a recent meta-analysis to compare the anticaries efficacy of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) dentifrices were subjected to a critical review. When reporting the meta-analysis, the author (Johnson) considered these 10 pivotal caries clinical studies as "head-to-head" comparisons of NaF and MFP dentifrices. For the most part, it is difficult to find any common denominator among these 10 caries clinical studies since there were so many diverse factors associated with them. The 10 pivotal studies were conducted over a 20-year period of time in many different geographic areas of the world, using different protocols and study designs, different clinical examiners and caries assessment criteria, as well as evaluating commercially outdated or specially formulated dentifrices. Any attempt to integrate the results from these 10 studies is further complicated by the diversity of statistical methodology used to evaluate the results obtained from the studies. Also, in two of the 10 studies, the comparison of the fluoride dentifrices was obscured by the fact that the participating children used a fluoride mouthrinse during the course of the study. In any case, when all relevant dentifrice comparisons are made, the results of a critical review of the 10 pivotal ("head-to-head") caries clinical studies indicate the following: (1) In three of the studies (Gerdin/Zacherl/Forsman), depending upon how the data is viewed, it can either be shown that NaF dentifrices are favored over MFP dentifrices or that MFP dentifrices are favored over NaF dentifrices. (2) In one of the studies (Edward & Torell), the results are published only in abstract form and a full report of the study is not available. (3) In one of the studies (Koch, Petersson, Kling & Kling) it is reported that MFP dentifrices are favored over NaF dentifrices. (4) In two of the studies (Edlund & Koch, Koch et al) it is reported that NaF dentifrices are favored over MFP dentifrices. However, in both of these studies, there were serious imbalances in baseline caries status favoring the NaF dentifrice groups over the MFP dentifrice groups. In other words, the children using the MFP dentifrices were more prone to caries formation during the course of these studies than the children using the NaF dentifrices. Further, in these two studies there is a serious question regarding the soluble fluoride level of the commercially available MFP dentifrice that was used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Comparative study of the effect of sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate on glucose homeostasis in the rat.
The effect of acute and chronic administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) or sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) on the glucose homeostasis of the rat are compared. The oral administration of a single dose of 40 mumol/100 g b.w. of either compound produced similar increases in plasma glucose (up to 1.8 g/l) and diffusible fluoride (up to 130 mumol/l). In long-term experiments (three months of duration), treatment with NaF (a 5 mmol/l solution as the water supply) produced, in the first month of experiment, abnormal glucose tolerance tests and increased plasma diffusible fluoride levels (range: 2-12 mumol/l). Treatment with MFP, on the other hand, did not affect glucose homeostasis; plasma diffusible fluoride was always below 2 mumol/l. The results of these experiments indicate that glucose homeostasis is affected when plasma diffusible fluoride exceeds 5 mumol/l. The basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of isolated Langerhans rat islets (incubated with solutions containing 2, 5, 10 and 20 mumol/l NaF) was significantly inhibited by 5 to 20 mumol/l fluoride. No effect was observed under similar conditions with MFP at concentrations of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mumol/l.
Animals↗