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PubMed2026

Genome-wide identification, structural characterization, and evolutionary analysis of growth-related gene families in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

The somatotropic axis encompassing growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), myostatin (MSTN), and prolactin (PRL) signalling cascades is the master regulator of somatic growth, metabolism, and development in vertebrates. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), a commercially pivotal aquaculture species, now possesses a chromosome-level reference genome (CGAR_prim_01v2); however, a systematic, genome-wide characterization spanning all five interconnected growth-related gene families has not previously been undertaken in this species. Here, we identified and characterized 15 growth-related genes spanning gh1, ghra, ghrb, Igf1, Igf2a, Igf2b, igf1ra, Igf1rb, Igf2r, Mstna, Mstnb, prl, prlra, prlrb, and smtlb distributed across 13 chromosomes. Complete one-to-one orthology with zebrafish confirmed strong dosage-balance conservation across >120 million years of teleost divergence. Physicochemical analysis resolved a clear biochemical dichotomy between compact, basic secreted ligands (19.88-45.81 kDa; pI up to 10.02) and large, acidic, heavily glycosylated membrane receptors (56.82-270.80 kDa; pI 4.85-5.97). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed 3R whole-genome duplication origins for all paralog pairs, while synteny analysis revealed a disruption of the ancestral gh1-prl chromosomal block in C. gariepinus, a finding that warrants further comparative and functional investigation. This genomic atlas provides the sequence and structural information including exon-intron boundaries, domain architecture, and chromosomal coordinates needed as a prerequisite for future marker-assisted selection and CRISPR-based myostatin-editing efforts in African catfish aquaculture, though translation into applied breeding outcomes will require subsequent functional and expression studies.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Body growth, carcass composition, and endocrine changes in lambs chronically treated with recombinantly derived insulin-like growth factor-I.

Castrate yearling male sheep were treated for 8 weeks with either 50 micrograms/kg body wt/8 hourly sc insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (n = 10) or with saline (n = 9). IGF-I treatment increased plasma IGF-I from 235 +/- 17 to 347 +/- 16 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). There was a gradual divergence in body wt (P less than 0.10) between treatment groups. Food intake did not change significantly. The weight of the spleen corrected for body wt increased by 40% (P less than 0.001) and there was a marginal increase in adjusted kidney wt (P less than 0.1). There was no effect of IGF-I on carcass weight or dimensions, or on long bone length, although the weight per unit length of the tibia (P less than 0.05) and femur (P less than 0.10) were increased. There was no effect on wool growth. Plasma IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) were quantified by ligand blot analysis. In the IGF-I treated group, IGFBP-1 showed a transient increase (P less than 0.05) at day 3 but was similar in both groups at day 55 of treatment. IGFBP-2 was suppressed (P less than 0.05) by day 55 and IGFBP-3 and 4 did not change. Plasma glucose was elevated (P less than 0.05) and plasma insulin was suppressed (P less than 0.01) from 280 +/- 32 pg/ml to 124 +/- 30.4 pg/ml, plasma urea (P less than 0.01) and creatinine (P less than 0.05) were reduced in the IGF-I treated group. The somatogenic effect of IGF-I in this study was minimal suggesting that in the well fed animal with an intact somatotropic axis IGF-I treatment at doses which double plasma IGF-I does not enhance somatic growth performance. However, the marked splenomegaly shows the sensitivity of splenic growth to systemic IGF-I. The suppression of insulin with chronic IGF-I treatment was accompanied by hyperglycaemia--this may explain in part the lack of a significant anabolic response and may limit the utility of IGF-I therapy unless higher doses with insulin-like effects are used.

Aging↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of combined administration of L-proline and glycine on GH and IRI release in healthy prepuberal children.

Proline (100 mg/kg b.w.) was given per os and after 30 minutes 10% glycine was i.v. injected to 25 healthy children of both sexes. A positive response (an increase of over 5 ng/ml of serum level of GH) was found in 21 of the 25 children. The insulin test showed a positive response in 24 of the 25 children. It was concluded that the decrease in glycine dosage from 250 mg/kg b.w. (earlier reports by the same authors) to 100 mg/kg b.w. (present data) is generally compensated by l-proline priming. The IRI serum levels were almost unchanged. By l-proline priming, the glycine test can also be applied to subjects with body weight over 40 kg, in doses of 100 mg/kg b.w. for exploring the secretory reserve of the somatotropic axis.

Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The interrelationship between the olfactory bulbs and the basomedical hypothalamus in controlling food intake, obesity and endocrine functions in the chicken.

Surgical removal of the olfactory bulbs (OB) in the chicken indicated an increase in thyrotropic activity followed by a compensatory increase in food intake, as shown earlier. Basomedial hypothalamic (BMH) lesions in these birds caused changes in certain parameters which strongly infer hypoactivity of the thyrotropic axis. The lesions also caused development of typical hypothalamic obesity demonstrating both dynamic and static phases. Removal of the OB in BMH lesioned birds in their static phase of obesity, caused no demonstrable physiological changes. While removal of the OB caused an increase in somatotropic activity, the opposite was found in BMH lesioned birds. Those animals in which OB were removed and BMH was destroyed, demonstrated a decrease in somatotropic activity. It is suggested that the syndrome caused by BMH lesions dominates that caused by removal of the OB. The possibility of involvement of the OB in the control of thyrotropic and somatotropic activities mediated by the basomedial hypothalamus, is discussed.

Animals↗