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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Is the distant relationship of fathers and homosexual sons related to the sons' erotic preference for male partners, or to the sons' atypical gender identity, or to both?

Study 1 compared the retrospectively reported father-son relationships of four groups of adult males: (a) Gynephiles (males who erotically prefer physically mature females), (b) androphiles (who prefer physically mature males), (c) a combined group of heterosexual pedophiles and pedohebephiles (the latter being attracted to pubescent as well as prepubescent females), and (d) a combined group of homosexual pedophiles and pedohebephiles (the latter attracted to pubescent as well as prepubescent males). The gynephiles were paid volunteers; the latter three groups were patients. The androphiles, the only group among those compared known to exhibit a measurably greater degree of cross gender identity in childhood, were also the only group to report significantly poorer father-son relations. The homosexual pedo/pedohebephiles, who also prefer male partners but who exhibit typical male gender identity in childhood, did not differ in father-son relations from the gynephiles or the heterosexual pedo/pedohebephiles. Study 2 showed that, within a sample of nonpatient volunteer androphiles, those individuals who reported the greatest degree of cross gender behavior in childhood also tended to report the worst relationships with their fathers. This correlation was replicated within a sample of androphilic patients in Study 3. The consistent pattern of results obtained from these three studies suggests that the emotionally distant relationships of fathers and androphilic sons relate to the sons' atypical childhood gender identity (or observable gender role behavior) rather than to the sons' erotic preference for male partners per se.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Fathers and sons: their relationship and personality characteristics associated with the son's smoking behavior.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the interrelationship of the domains of father personality attributes, father socialization techniques, and adolescent personality attributes, and the son's use of tobacco. A sample of 246 male adolescents and their fathers from intact homes was administered questionnaires. Two main findings emerged. First, each of the three domains was significantly associated with the son's tobacco use despite control on the remaining domains. Second, the effectiveness of the father may interact synergistically with or be mitigated by the son's personality attributes in its association with the son's tobacco use. In concert, the findings support the importance of examining the father-son relationship for a greater understanding of the son's tobacco use.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Relationships between sons' feelings of being understood by their fathers and measures of the sons' psychological functioning.

Factor analysis of a questionnaire designed to measure a son's feeling of being understood by his father is reported. The questionnaire, which contained 12 paragraphs each purporting to be an aspect of the son's feeling of being understood by his father, was administered in small groups to a sample of 413 male college students along with three indices of son's level of general functioning--a self-concept scale, a somatic complaints inventory, and the degree of help-seeking behavior. Five interpretable factors were extracted from the data. The meaningfulness of the factors was substantiated by their significant correlations with certain of the other measures administered to the sample. Three of the factors were correlated positively (p less than .01) with Ss' self-concept, while two were correlated negatively (p less than .01) with the number of somatic complaints by the Ss'.

Child Rearing↗
PubMed1990

Sons of alcoholics report greater hangover symptoms than sons of nonalcoholics: a pilot study.

We investigated alcohol-induced hangovers among college men at high and low risk for alcoholism. Thirteen sons of alcoholics reported significantly (p less than 0.001) greater hangover symptoms in the past year than 25 sons of nonalcoholics. The two groups reported comparable quantity-frequency of recent drinking. To the extent that hangover represents an acute withdrawal syndrome to alcohol, this raises the question of whether sons of alcoholics are "dependence-prone."

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Characteristic craniofacial appearance and brachytelephalangy in a mother and son with Kallman syndrome in the son.

We report on a mother and son with a similar facies characterized by a square forehead, small nose, telecanthus, and thin upper lip. They both had a similar metacarpal-phalangeal profile characterized by marked brachytelephalangy. They were both short in comparison to other family members, and the son had hypogonadotropic-hypogonadism and anosmia. We favor the hypothesis of a single autosomal dominant gene with variable expression of the hypogonadism and anosmia, although there are alternative explanations for the combination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Bone-marrow transplant from father to son and subsequent graft from son to father.

An 11-year-old boy with acute myeloblastic leukaemia in first remission received an allogeneic mismatched bone-marrow transplant (BMT) from his father in 1979; subsequent HLA typing showed that his haemopoietic system had been repopulated by the donor cells. In 1986 hypereosinophilic syndrome, secondary to a T-cell lymphocytic lymphoma, developed in the father, then aged 45 years. A full haematological remission was obtained by means of standard acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treatment. He then received melphalan, total body irradiation, and a BMT from his son. Graft-versus-host disease was transient in both patients, and father and son remain well and disease-free 20 months and 10 years, respectively, after BMT.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Nonassociative mechanisms in preferences for alcoholic flavors: differences between sons of alcoholics and sons of nonalcoholics.

We studied nonassociative processes in the development of preferences for wine flavors in high- and low-risk groups for alcoholism. Twenty college-age sons of nonalcoholics had greater "Liking" ratings for red wine flavors to which they had 20 prior exposures in the laboratory than flavors to which they had been exposed five times or zero times. Fourteen sons of alcoholics did not show this mere exposure effect. The results indicate differences between high- and low-risk groups for alcoholism in the nonassociative process by which preference for particular alcoholic flavors is established.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Polygyny: insufficient father-son contact and son's masculine identity.

In polygynous societies in which the family consists of husband, wives, and children only, if each cowife lives in a separate quarter with her children, males are more likely to be circumcised or segregated at puberty. These customs are interpreted as the measures to rectify boys' mother-oriented personality development because of limited contact with their fathers due to their mother's separate quarters. Circumcision and segregation can be explained better in terms of the son's insufficient contact with the father rather than a very close relationship with the mother due to the long postpartum sexual taboo.

Circumcision, Male↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selection for more toxigenic son-thalli or less aflatoxin-producing son-thalli starting from a mother-colony of Aspergillus flavus.

The ability of progeny from either a toxigenic or nontoxigenic thallus to synthesize aflatoxin over several successive generations is determined. This study demonstrates that it is possible to select for more and more toxigenic strains or for less and less active ones starting with the same thallus. Moreover, toxigenic strains can be derived from atoxigenic strains and vice versa by a simple selective operation. Lastly, these various operations have enabled the author to propose a genetic theory for the toxigenesis of Aspergillus flavus.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1991

Chronic tolerance and sensitization to alcohol in sons of alcoholics.

In view of conflicting results concerning differences between sons of alcoholics and sons of nonalcoholics in response to a single alcohol challenge (with a given dose), we exposed these high and low risk groups to several sessions in which they drank alcohol at the same dose in order to measure the development of chronic tolerance or sensitization with repeated doses. Sons of alcoholics and sons of nonalcoholics received a moderate dose of alcohol (0.5 g/kg) in three sessions with alcohol, followed by a placebo session. Sons of alcoholics developed reverse tolerance or chronic sensitization to repeated dosings of alcohol in finger pulse amplitude, while sons of nonalcoholics did not. Sons of alcoholics failed to show chronic tolerance in skin conductance and finger temperature, while sons of alcoholics did show the development of tolerance. Sons of alcoholics demonstrated greater motor activity throughout the sessions, both before and after alcohol. These results indicate that high and low risk groups differ in terms of their developmental adaptation to alcohol, as well as in the temperamental trait of behavioral activity.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

Personality characteristics of alcoholic fathers and their sons.

Recovering alcoholic fathers with a positive family history of alcoholism and their 10-15 year-old sons were assessed on a variety of personality measures and compared to a matched group of nonalcoholic fathers with a negative family history of alcoholism, and their sons. Assessment instruments for the sons included the Personality Inventory for Children, High School Personality Questionnaire, Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. Comparable questionnaires were administered to the fathers: the MMPI, 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. No psychopathology or extreme personality variants were observed in either fathers' or sons' groups. However, MANOVAS and linear discriminant functions revealed significant differences on several personality measures between fathers' and sons' groups. Compared to sons of nonalcoholics, sons of alcoholics were relatively more compulsive, insecure and fearful while being more subdued and detached. The recovering alcoholics were more impulsive and regimented than the nonalcoholics. An index resulting from the combination of the best personality discriminators was significantly correlated in father-son pairs. In addition, this index was significantly correlated with key neurocognitive variables from our previous study which assessed the same father-son pairs. This atypical CNS profile, encompassing altered electrophysiology, neuropsychological performance and personality traits, may be useful in identifying those at increased risk for developing alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Identification of a protein product of a novel human gene SON and the biological effect upon administering a changed form of this gene into mammalian cells].

We have investigated the functional activity of human son gene, that possesses the homology to mos and myc genes. Specific antibodies (antiserum) were raised to synthetic peptide, that corresponds to son-protein 943-963 amino acid residues. With this antiserum the presence of son-protein was showed in lysates of cultured human cells transformed by adenovirus type 5, RAT 2 cells and primary human embryonic fibroblasts. son-Protein molecular weight (92 kDa) was determined by the method of electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gel. Thus, it was shown the presence of son gene protein in animal and human cells. To determine a possible son gene role in mammalian cells we have cloned the 3' part (2667 b.p.) of son cDNA in retroviral vector pPS-3-neo. Transformed cells of different lines were selected. A large portion of this cells changed their morphology. New protein product (120 k), that reacted with antiserum to son specific peptide, was found together with p92son in these clones.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex preference and the value of sons and daughters in Nepal.

Sex preference and the specific value of sons and daughters to parents in Nepal are examined using rural and urban survey data from 1979. Ideal family size among all respondents was, on average, three children, with two sons and one daughter the preferred sex composition for about 90 percent of all respondents. Among those who reported current contraceptive use, the mean number of living sons was higher than the mean number of living daughters for all respondents. Most couples have at least one son before they adopt contraception; respondents had, on average, three to four births before adopting contraception. Sons are preferred to daughters by Nepalese parents mainly for socioeconomic and religious reasons, as opposed to the economic reasons reported elsewhere in many developing societies. The findings indicate that the economic motive for having both sons and daughters may be weakening in Nepal, but that a preference for sons does exist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The transmission of racial attitudes from fathers to sons: a study of blacks and whites.

This study examines relationships between racial attitudes of fathers and sons. The sample includes one hundred white fathers and sons and an equal number of black fathers and sons. Three measurements of social distance were undertaken. The fathers indicated their own racial attitudes, while sons indicated their perceptions of their fathers' racial attitudes, as well as their own. The findings indicated that sons of both races perceive their fathers to be more prejudiced than they actually are. There is a relationship between fathers' perceived racial attitudes and sons' attitudes in the white sample, but black fathers appear to have no influence on the racial attitudes of their sons. It appears that adolescents' perception of parental attitudes is more relevant to socialization than actual attitudes. With regard to racial attitudes, black families appear to be less influential in the socialization process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2028

Parental son preference in childhood and sex differences in the risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults.

INTRODUCTION: Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are examined through biological and clinical factors, with less attention to early-life social exposures. This study examined associations of childhood parental son preference with CVD risk, sex differences, and mediation by modifiable risk factors. METHODS: This cohort analysis included China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study participants aged ≥45 years without baseline CVD. Parental son preference was assessed retrospectively in 2014; incident CVD was self-reported physician-diagnosed heart disease or stroke through 2020. Sampling-weighted, community-clustered Cox models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs. Sex was prespecified as an effect modifier; mediation by 13 risk factors used inverse-odds-ratio weighting. Data were collected from 2011 to 2020 and analyzed from 2025 to 2026. RESULTS: Among 8,079 participants (mean age, 57.5 years; 4,216 women [52.2%]), 1,820 (22.5%) reported parental son preference. Son preference was associated with higher CVD risk overall (aHR 1.23 [95% CI 1.04, 1.46]) and among women (aHR 1.25 [95% CI 1.03, 1.53]); among men, the estimate was 1.16 (95% CI 0.87, 1.56), with limited heterogeneity by sex (ratio of aHRs 1.06 [95% CI 0.72, 1.58]). Among women, risk was concentrated in the highest paternal (aHR 1.47 [95% CI 1.14, 1.90]) and maternal (aHR 1.50 [95% CI 1.12, 1.99]) preference categories. Modifiable risk factors mediated 5.8% (95% CI 1.9%, 9.7%) of the association among women, mainly through socioeconomic and psychosocial factors. CVD risk was highest with both son preference and high risk-factor burden overall (aHR 1.97 [95% CI 1.43, 2.73]) and among women (aHR 2.23 [95% CI 1.61, 3.10]). CONCLUSIONS: Parental son preference was associated with higher incident CVD risk, with the largest estimates in the highest paternal or maternal categories among women. Modifiable risk factors explained a modest proportion, supporting life-course cardiovascular prevention that considers sex-differentiated childhood environments alongside risk-factor modification.

cardiovascular disease↗
PubMed1983

Sequential patterning of emotional interaction in families with a schizophrenic son.

In 30 families with a schizophrenic son conjoint family discussions which had been generated by Strodtbeck's "Revealed Differences Technique" were analyzed on the strength of the "Relationship-Scale" developed by Riskin and Faunce. All three members of the family triad (two parents and son) proved to be more hostile and rejecting than their parallels in a control group of families whose sons had been admitted because of an acute surgical condition. However, no significant difference could be ascertained in the sequential patterning of interaction assessed by means of time-series analysis. In both family groups Bernoulli processes predominated, i.e. there was no dependence between the sequentially recorded speech units. A 2-year follow-up of the schizophrenic patients showed a contradictory pattern of results. In families with re-hospitalized sons there was only a slight and statistically insignificant tendency towards more negative relationships but the sub-groups of families containing a schizophrenic son differed clearly on the level of sequential data; more families with re-hospitalized sons showed autoregressive (morphogenetic) or moving average (morphostatic) processes.

Adult↗