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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Down's syndrome in South Australia.

In a survey of Down's syndrome in South Australia, 921 persons, both living and deceased, were identified; 717 individuals with the disorder were living in South Australia. Cytogenetic confirmation of the diagnosis had been made in 774 cases. From 1955 to 1977, the over-all incidence of Down's syndrome at birth was found to be 1.175/1000 live births. The incidence of Down's syndrome was significantly lower over the last five years of this period than for the first 18 years; thus it appears that the incidence of Down's syndrome in South Australia is falling. Analysis of maternal age changes with time has not revealed any changes to the maternal age-specific rates for Down's syndrome, although the rate for mothers aged 25 years or younger appears to be falling. The proportion of Down's syndrome babies born to women aged 35 years or more has decreased from 65.7% for those born before 1950 to 30.4% for those born from 1975 to 1977; similarly, the median maternal age has fallen from 37.12 years to 28.25 years. Regression analyses of maternal age rates for Down's syndrome by single years have produced figures suitable for genetic counselling. A plea is made that Down's syndrome should become a notifiable condition.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

Cardiac surgery relative to population: pattern of cardiac surgery in South Australia, 1949--75.

The total work load of the sole cardiac surgery unit in South Australia has been analysed by means of a computer-based data retrieval system. The review covers the period 1949--75 inclusive. This study analyses the case-loads year by year, in total, and in different diagnostic categories, and has allowed conclusions to be drawn about surgical needs relative to population figures. From these figures future trends in requirements for cardiac surgical facilities have been deduced. There are many lessons to be learnt by maintaining an easily recoverable set of data for all the surgery performed in any cardiac surgery unit. This type of analysis makes it possible to maintain surveillance of demands on resources and of the results of the surgery performed. Because of the structure and situation of the community of South Australia and the fact that it is served by a single open heart unit, the pattern of this series may truly represent the optimum cardiac surgery case-load for any modern westernised community of comparable size.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

Incidence of some surgically correctable congenital abnormalities in South Australia.

A retrospective 5 yr survey of the incidence of some neonatal surgically correctable congenital abnormalities in South Australia has been carried out. Meaningful figures have been obtained for the incidence, in terms of the live birth rate, of obstructive malformation of the gastrointestinal tract, major abdominal wall and diaphragmatic defects, and some anomalies of the genitourinary system. In the main, the incidence of these malformations is similar to that reported from other centers. However the incidence of exomphalos and small bowel obstructions is lower in this series than in others, and the incidence of tracheoesophageal and anorectal anomalies appears to be slightly higher in South Australia than in Victoria. The incidence of diaphragmatic defects, excluding esophageal hiatus, is very similar to that ascertained by the perinatal mortality survey carried out by Butler and Claireaux.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

A survey of causes of permanent tooth extractions in South Australia.

Reasons for permanent tooth extractions were studied in a survey in South Australia conducted over a two week period in which 154 dentists participated, a response rate of 43 per cent. Of 2,387 teeth extracted from 1,104 patients, caries accounted for 52 per cent, periodontal and orthodontic causes 25.6 and 11.1 per cent respectively, impacted teeth 6.5 percent, and prosthetic reasons 2.8 per cent. Caries was the most prevalent cause in the age groups 20-40 and over 70 years. Between 40 and 70 years more than 50 per cent of the teeth were extracted for periodontal reasons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The handicapped child population in South Australia in 1975.

A survey of 2,212 handicapped children was conducted in South Australia to provide basic information so that a dental service could be planned. The prevalence of various specified conditions is presented for both single and combined disabilities. The distribution of the various conditions between the sexes has been analysed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Coronary artery surgery in South Australia 1970-1976.

The South Australian population of approximately 1,245,000 is 9.2% of the total Australian population. The Cardio-Thoracic Surgical Unit of the Royal Adelaide Hospital is the only one such unit in the State which is equipped for open heart surgery, and coronary artery grafting was first undertaken there in December, 1970. From that time until the end of December, 1976, 701 patients underwent coronary artery grafting with an overall hospital mortality of 3.0%, and a late mortality of 3.2%. The principal indication for operation was incapacitating angina, and of the 628 patients who have been followed-up after operation for a minimum period of six months, 78.6% were judged by their cardiologist to be completely relieved of this symptom. A further 8.9% of patients were considered to be significantly improved. Coronary artery surgery has rapidly assumed a dominant role in our Unit so that, in 1976, of the 435 open heart operations which were performed, 267 (61%) were procedures which necessitated coronary artery grafting. The rate of increase has slowed considerably over the past 18 months, and it is expected that, with current operative indications, the proportion of coronary artery cases will not rise much above 60% of the open heart work load of the Unit.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Perinatal mortality in South Australia.

A study of the recorded causes of perinatal mortality has been made in South Australia for the years 1970 to 1973. The overall perinatal mortality was 22.16 per 1,000 births. Higher mortality was observed in babies of women resident outside the metropolitan area, of those aged under 20 and over 35 years, and of those not currently married. The most frequent causes of perinatal mortality were prematurity, placental insufficiency, congenital anomalies, maternal disorders and haemorrhage, in that order. Multiple pregnancy had a high perinatal mortality. Better recording systems with record linkage are required.

Australia↗
PubMed1976

Microsporum nanum infection in South Australia.

Two cases of human ringworm caused by the dermatophyte Microsporum nanum are reported from South Australia. M. nanum is the commonest cause of ringworm in pigs and is known to cause porcine infections in Australia. This report shows the value of mycological investigations in determining the possible source of such infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Maternal deaths in South Australia 1970 to 1975.

During the period from 1970 to 1975 there were 128 087 confinements in South Australia and 30 maternal deaths were reported, representing a maternal mortality rate of 23 per 100 000 confinements which is lower than in previous reports. Twenty-one deaths were directly due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth, and nine were due to associated conditions. The fall in the maternal mortality rate was largely due to a reduction in the number of deaths from abortion and in the number of confinements to women in the higher-risk older age groups. Infection appeared for the first time as a major cause of maternal death. Avoidable factors may have contributed to 47% of the deaths.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2026

Uptake of germline testing for Lynch Syndrome in patients with deficient mismatch repair/ microsatellite-high colorectal cancer in the public hospital system in South Australia.

Lynch syndrome (LS) accounts for approximately 4% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and arises from pathogenic variants in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Australian guidelines recommend universal MMR or microsatellite instability (MSI) screening in all CRC patients; however, real-world uptake remains variable. This study evaluated rates of MMR/MSI screening, germline testing, and genetics referrals across two major public hospitals in South Australia. A retrospective review of 1775 patients discussed at colorectal multidisciplinary team meetings in the Royal Adelaide and Queen Elizabeth hospitals between January 2021 and December 2023 was conducted to identify rates of MMR/MSI screening and subsequent referral of eligible patients to genetics. Of the 1129 colorectal cancer cases identified, MMR/MSI testing was performed in 93.2% (1052/1129), with deficiency detected in 12.5% (131/1052). Of these, 37% (49/131) were eligible for genetics referral after exclusion of somatic causes. Among eligible patients, 73.5% (36/49) were referred, and 43% (21/49) underwent germline testing. LS was confirmed in 12 patients (9% of deficient MMR CRC), while 9 patients (6.9%) were classified as having Lynch-like syndrome. Despite high screening rates, gaps remain in genetics referral and testing. Barriers included lack of reflex testing, loss to follow-up, and patient refusal. Targeted system-level interventions and improved genomic education are needed to enhance adherence to guidelines and optimise patient outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrieval of the critically ill in South Australia: a coordinated approach.

A system is described for the stabilization and evacuation of the critically ill in South Australia, with a discussion of experience in 278 patients. The integration of activities of peripheral medical practitioners, major teaching hospitals, and the ambulance transport authority (St John Ambulance Council) is paramount. Modes of communication are by "urgent line" telephone and radio. Advanced life-support equipment is portable, may be placed in any ambulance vehicle, and is used and maintained principally by the staff of intensive care units. The design characteristics of a suitable road vehicle and fixed-wing aircraft are considered, with emphasis on dimensions for the particular needs of advanced life-support. The cost of transporting such a patient is approximately two-thirds of an average bed day cost in a public hospital, plus the basic ambulance charge. The number of patients who need such measures is 0.2% of the total number of patients carried by ambulance per annum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Impact of computerized tomography on neuroradiological investigations in South Australia.

Although there has been a reduction in cerebral angiographic (33%), pneumoencephalographic (70%) and radionuclide brain scanning (28%) investigations since the introduction of computerized tomography in South Australia, there has been a significant increase (56%) in the total number of neuroradiological investigations performed. At the same time, the number of patients who underwent neuroradiological investigations has risen by 75%. This is equivalent to approximately one person in every 290 per year.

Australia↗
PubMed1978

Trematodes of marine fishes from South Australia. I. Paraneocreadium australiense gen. et sp. n. (Lepocreadiidae).

Paraneocreadium australiense gen. et sp. n. (Lepocreadiidae) is described from Psilocranium nigricans (Richardson) from the Aldinga Reef of South Australia. Paraneocreadium is most similar to Neocreadium Howell 1966 from Geniagnus in New Zealand and Neolepocreadium Thomas 1960 from Trachinotus in Ghana. It differs from both genera in being ovoid rather than elongate, in having a coiled rather than saccate internal seminal vesicle, and having no viteline follicles between the gonads. It differs further from Neocreadium in lacking lymphatic vessels and in the position of the genital pore.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Antibiotic sensitivity of gonococci in South Australia, 1974 to 1975.

Routine testing of gonococci isolated from patients attending the Venereal Diseases Control Centre in Adelaide during the year July, 1974 to June, 1975, with a plate dilution method, showed that 93-8% of the 947 infecting strains were relatively sensitive to penicillin at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0-12 units/ml or less, and that 90% of the 648 strains tested were relatively sensitive to tetracycline at an MIC of 1-0 mug/ml or less. A small proportion only of isolates were relatively insensitive to penicillin and/or tetracycline. The routine treatment schedules which were used at the Centre proved adequate for infections over the whole range of sensitivities encountered. A significant proportion of the less sensitive strains were isolated from people infected in South-East Asia, most of whom had been inadequately treated there.

Female↗