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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Comparison of vector competence for West Nile virus of colonized populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus from southern Asia and the Far East.

Seven colonized stocks of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus from different geographic areas of Southern Asia and the Far East were assayed for susceptibility to WN virus infection by membrane feeding and by intrathoracic inoculation. Infected females also were tested for their ability to transmit virus to baby mice. No geographic pattern of differential susceptibility to WN virus infection was apparent from the experiments; however, the per os ID50 of one strain from Khulna, Bangladesh was over 10-fold greater than the ID50's of stocks from Karachi, Pakistan and Sendai, Japan. No difference in susceptibility was found by parenteral inoculation of virus. Likewise, greater than or equal to 90% of infected females from all the colonies were able to transmit virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Novel organization of the spermatozoon in two species of murid rodents from southern Asia.

The morphology and structural organization of unusual spermatozoa from two species of bandicoot rats (Bandicota spp) from Southern Asia were studied with the light and transmission electron microscope. Unlike those described for nearly all other eutherian species the heads of Bandicota savilei and B. indica spermatozoa were bulbous or globular in shape and had no narrow uniformly defined apex nor a clearly delineated perforatorium. The nucleus, which had one or more prominent vacuoles, was capped by a huge, bulky, acrosome with no obvious morphologically recognizable equatorial segment. The postacrosomal dense lamina was extremely short and a posterior ring lay anterior to the caudal pole of the nucleus. In addition, the tail of the spermatozoon was only 28-45 microns in length. The organization of the spermatozoon of these two species of Bandicota is thus quite unlike that described for any other murid rodent or even mammalian species. Its highly divergent features suggest that the processes of zona penetration and incorporation of the fertilizing spermatozoon into the egg may differ markedly from those of all eutherians so far investigated.

Acrosome↗
PubMed2002

Oligocene sivaladapid primate from the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan) bridges the gap between Eocene and Miocene adapiform communities in Southern Asia.

A new species of Guangxilemur (Sivaladapidae, Adapiformes) is described from the early Oligocene Chitarwata Formation (Bugti Member) of the Bugti Hills, Sulaiman geological Province, Balochistan, Pakistan. Guangxilemur singsilai n. sp. provides further diagnostic morphological characters from its newly described upper and lower dentitions, confirming its intermediate phylogenetic position between Eocene and Miocene Asian sivaladapid adapiforms. G. singsilai possesses moderately developed shearing and puncturing molar features and maintains lingual cusps on upper molars as in Eocene hoanghoniines; in contrast, it possesses a typical molariform P(4) as in Miocene sivaladapines. The important paleogeographic changes that have affected South Asia during the Tertiary (related to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates) have played a critical role in reforming circulation and climatic differentiation. The presence in Pakistan of an unique and well-diversified Oligocene primate fauna, clearly demonstrates that South Asia maintained favourable environmental conditions during the middle Caenozoic global climatic deterioration that coincides with drastic changes in faunal structure on the whole Holarctic Province, including the extinction of adapiform primates.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Molecular epidemiology and type-specific detection of echovirus 11 isolates from the Americas, Europe, Africa, Australia, southern Asia and the Middle East.

Echovirus 11 (E11) is among the most commonly isolated human enteroviruses. To examine the range of genetic variation within the E11 serotype, we determined the complete VP1 sequences for 53 geographically dispersed E11 strains isolated in 16 countries from 1953 to 2001. E11 sequences were monophyletic with respect to all other enterovirus serotypes. The sequences clustered into four monophyletic genogroups, A-D; members of each genogroup differed from one another by <20%. Isolates in different genogroups differed from one another by 19-28%. The E11 prototype strain, USA/CA53-Gregory, was the sole member of genogroup B. All recent US isolates were members of one of two discrete lineages within genogroup D. The well-characterized E11 antigenic variant, USA/CA63-Silva, was also a member of genogroup D. Members of genogroups A and C were antigenically similar to USA/CA53-Gregory, as measured by neutralization with anti-Gregory and anti-Silva antisera. Only USA/CA63-Silva was neutralized more efficiently by the anti-Silva antiserum; other genogroup D viruses were Gregory-like or intermediate in their neutralization phenotype. Recent non-US isolates were distributed in genogroups A, C and D. Sequence similarities among genogroup D isolates from North America, Europe, Asia, Australia and North Africa demonstrate that an E11 strain can spread rapidly over a wide geographic area. The aligned sequences were used to develop an E11-specific RT-PCR assay, using degenerate, inosine-containing primers, to amplify all members of all genogroups.

Africa↗
PubMed2005

Unusual germ cell organization in the seminiferous epithelium of a murid rodent from southern Asia, the greater bandicoot rat, Bandicota Indica.

In the greater bandicoot rat, Bandicota indica, of south-east Asia, nine cell associations were documented in the testicular seminiferous epithelium. In about 10% of the tubule cross sections two or more cell associations occurred and, furthermore, some of the generations of germ cells within the cell associations were sometimes either out of phase, or missing, in the tubule cross sections. These features, together with the fact that this species has a highly pleiomorphic sperm head shape, are somewhat reminiscent of those of the seminiferous epithelium in humans and some other primates but not of common laboratory rodents. This species could thus be a good model for investigating irregular patterns of spermatogenesis in naturally occurring wild species of rodent.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Molecular variation, systematics and distribution of the Anopheles fluviatilis complex in southern Asia.

Species of the Anopheles fluviatilis James and Anopheles minimus complexes (Diptera: Culicidae) are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Members of the two complexes have been confused and, consequently, their distributions and roles in malaria transmission are uncertain. We identified numerous mosquitoes from China, Thailand, Vietnam, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Iran by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and/or sequencing, and analysed the variation in the 28S D3 region of ribosomal DNA for members of the Minimus Subgroup and also the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) for members of the An. fluviatilis complex. The D3 region is highly conserved between taxa and therefore could serve as a standard for molecular diagnosis of the subgroup members. D3 sequence, bionomics and malaria transmission data provide further evidence that An. fluviatilis S in India is conspecific with An. minimus C in South-east Asia. An. fluviatilis T has three ITS2 haplotypes (designated T1, T2 and Y) and its distribution in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Iran is confirmed. An. fluviatilis U is well defined on cytogenetic grounds in Uttar Pradesh, India, but is very close to An. fluviatilis T and the two species may hybridize in some regions. Variant ITS2 sequences suggest the possible existence of two additional taxa within the An. fluviatilis complex, one in Iran and another in India, provisionally designated An. fluviatilis forms V and X, respectively. The distributions of members of the An. fluviatilis and An. minimus complexes in south-central Asia are summarized.

Animals↗