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Results for “Speech-Language Pathology”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Understanding death, dying, and the critically ill: a concern for speech-language pathologists.

The purpose of this article is to familiarize the speech-language pathologist with the behaviors that critically and terminally ill persons demonstrate. To work effectively with these groups of individuals, it appears essential that the clinician know the dynamics of the psychological stages associated with physical crisis, disability, death, and dying. This information is becoming more relevant to the speech-language pathologist, particularly as his/her role as a member of a rehabilitation team providing direct services to the aged expands.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Motivational factors in aphasia therapy: research suggestions.

Following Wepman (1953), the process of recovery from aphasia is seen as involving stimulation, motivation, and facilitation. The most adequate studies of aphasia therapy outcome focus on facilitation to the virtual exclusion of stimulation and motivation, although clinical experience suggests their importance. Motivation includes both the subjective and experiential aspects of the patient's response to aphasic disablement (anxiety, feelings of inadequacy) and the quality of the speech-therapist/patient alliance during the treatment. Retrospective studies utilizing sufficiently improved aphasics and ratings of the patient-therapist alliance are suggested as preliminary means of defining "motivation" in this context more accurately. Research approaches are also outlined which would assess the importance of and interaction between the three factors implicated in recovery for therapeutic outcome.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1979

A translation of Finkelnburg's (1870) lecture on aphasia as "asymbolia" with commentary.

On March 21, 1870, Dr. D.C. Finkelnburg addressed the Society of the Lower Rhine in Bonn on the popular topic of aphasia. He challenged the prevailing view that aphasia was a disorder of speech only and the emphasis that had been given to the issue of cerebral localization. The disorder, he pointed out, not only extended beyond the speech modality to include verbal comprehension, reading, and writing but also included many extraverbal disturbances of symbolic usage. In support of his argument, he presented five detailed case studies of aphasics (two with autopsy data) who demonstrated a variety of verbal and extraverbal deficits. Because the term aphasia referred specifically to speech disturbance and inadequately signified the full extent of the disorder, Finkelnburg proposed the more generic term asymbolia as a more accurate representation of the nature of the disorder. This translation makes available a previously inaccessible but historically important and still viable contribution to the study of the nature of aphasia.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1979

The speech-language pathologist's role in understanding the genetics of Van der Woude syndrome.

A family report of three generations of Van der Woude syndrome (cleft lip or palate and lip pits) is presented to show that the speech-language pathologist may play an important role in identifying patients with this defect. Understanding the genetic basis of this syndrome and documentation of family history through pedigree analysis can be instrumental in identifying other family members potentially affected with speech disorders. Because the diagnosis of Van der Woude syndrome was made in one member of the family in the pedigree, three other family members who had never received previous diagnosis or treatment of their speech disorders were identified. Other family members were referred for genetic counseling. The concepts of autosomal dominant transmission, variable expression, incomplete penetrance, and the pedigree technique for recording family history are also presented.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Speech clinicians' attribution of personality traits as a function of stuttering severity.

Thirty-six speech-language pathologists participated in a study to evaluate clinicians' preconceptions of persons who stutter. Each rated a designated construct (the normally fluent individual, the mild stutterer, the moderate stutterer, the severe stutterer) using a personality trait scale. Results indicated that clinicians stereotypically assign negative personality traits to all levels of stuttering severity relative to normal. Their ratings further demonstrated that stutterers are generally considered to be a homogenous group. Differentiation amongst stutterers was made only between the polar ends of the stuttering severity continuum (that is, mild vs. severe). Clinicians' sterotypical trait assignment was not related to their professional experience. Results are discussed with reference to their clinical implications.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Strain gauge transduction of lip and jaw motion in the midsagittal plane: refinement of a prototype system.

This paper describes the design refinements made in an earlier prototype system for transducing lip and jaw movements in the midsagittal plane. Major improvements over the prototype system included: reduced transducer loading, improved two-dimensional separation and resolution, elimination of possible artifacts due to lateral-medial or rotational movement, electrical isolation of the subject from the transducer, increased capability to transduce movements of children as well as adults, and an accessory instrument for orienting the transducers with reference to defined anatomical planes.

Humans↗