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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Radiological assessment of the effects of splinting on early hip development: results from a randomised controlled trial of abduction splinting vs sonographic surveillance.

Whilst delayed treatment of fully dislocated hips diagnosed at birth prejudices final outcome, splinting clinically dislocatable hips is controversial as the majority stabilise spontaneously. Early stabilisation may not ensure normal development but even early splinting carries a small risk of avascular necrosis. We report radiological data from 76 newborns with dislocatable hips that were randomised either to immediate splinting or to sonographic surveillance which examines the influence of early splinting on hip development. Epiphyseal maturation (EM), iliac indentation (II) and acetabular angle (AA) were assessed radiographically at 6 months, blind to the treatment group; hips with normal sonograms at birth had greater EM and II and smaller AA. Whilst clinically unstable Graf type 1 and 2A hips were radiologically similar at 6 months, those splinted showed poorer EM and II compared with non-splinted hips. There were no cases of avascular necrosis. Abduction splinting may displace the femoral capital epiphysis medially resulting in poorer iliac indentation. The smaller epiphysis in splinted infants may be secondary to altered blood supply due to increased pressure between the femoral head and acetabulum and increased tension of the adductor muscles in the thigh. These differences were less marked by 1 year. Whether they have any long-term significance requires further study.

Bone Development↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of two splints in the treatment of TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome. Can occlusal analysis be used to predict success of splint therapy?

Controversy surrounds the diagnosis and treatment of TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome (TMJPDS). This is also reflected in the widely divergent recommendations in splint design. A study was undertaken to examine the comparative success rates of treatment by two occlusal splints with apparently diametrically opposed modes of action and to determine whether there were any factors which could be utilised to predict the success of splint therapy. Sixty-eight TMJPDS patients were randomly distributed into one of two comparable groups and were treated solely with an occlusal splint for night time wear. One group was treated with a stabilisation splint (SS) and the other with a localised occlusal interference splint (LOIS). The success rate at review with the SS was 67.6% and with the LOIS was 80.9%. This difference was not statistically significant. Pretreatment occlusal analysis demonstrated three indicators of successful splint therapy which appeared to be independent of design. These were the absence of centric relation occlusion, the existence of non-working side interferences and an absence of ideal anterior guidance.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1990

Tooth splinting: a review of the literature and consideration of the versatility of a wire-composite splint.

The principles of tooth luxation splinting have been changed since the animal and human tests conducted in the early 1970s showed that masticatory stimulus promotes healing of luxated teeth and normally exerted occlusal forces are able to prevent and eliminate small resorption cavities on the root surface. It has also been shown that fixation of only one week is enough to achieve the clinical healing of repositioned teeth. Apart from esthetic and hygienic components, present-day demands on tooth fixation techniques also include ease of construction and removal and the use of devices which allow slight movement of the fixed teeth. This paper presents the history of tooth splinting, our present-day knowledge of the subject, and introduces various splinting techniques. The wide range of indications for a flexible wire-composite splint are analyzed more thoroughly.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1979

Endothelial damage in microvascular anastomosis: to splint or not to splint?

When performing a microvascular anastomosis, some surgeons use a splint and others do not. We compared the difference in intravascular reactions observed in the carotid artery of the rat anastomosed with these two techniques by observation with a scanning electron microscope. Thrombus formation was more prominent in the artery anastomosed using a splint. The difference was most remarkable 20 minutes after anastomosis. With time, the difference became less remarkable and was no longer present by seven days. By fourteen days, the anastomotic site was covered with neoendothelium. It is concluded that there is little difference in the final outcome achieved by the two methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Rigidity of various fixation methods used as dental splints.

Horizontal and vertical rigidity of teeth fixed with seven types of dental splints were evaluated by two tooth mobility measuring devices. Altogether 21 dissected sheep mandibles including soft tissues were used for the experiments in which Fermit, flexible wire-composite, Kevlar, Fiber, Protemp, rigid wire-composite and Triad Gel splints were applied to four incisors. The mean rigidity of the central incisors within the splint was measured by means of Mühlemann periodontometer (horizontal mobility) and Periotest (horizontal and vertical mobilities). Mobility values of teeth before splinting were used as covariants and the values with the splints were illustrated as adjusted mobility. Statistical significance between the rigidity of various splints was analyzed by an unpaired t-test. It was shown that the most rigid splints both in horizontal and vertical directions were Triad Gel, rigid wire-composite and Fermit splints. Kevlar and Fiber splint allowed more horizontal movement than other splints. Protemp and flexible wire-composite splints proved to produce adequate lateral support for the fixed teeth and allowed vertical flexibility which is experimentally known to improve periodontal healing of luxated teeth.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1992

Application of a shape memory alloy to hand splinting.

This paper describes new passive splints which have been developed using a shape memory alloy. The peculiar feature of the splints is that the way in which they change shape in use conforms to the stretching motion which it would be desirable to apply in certain conditions of deformity. The alloy consists of 55.66% by weight Nickel and 44.34% Titanium. The heat treatment of the alloy for memorising shape was implemented at 500 degrees C for one hour. This alloy was easily bent when cool, but the original shape was recovered on heating. It was used as the supporting structure of the reverse knuckle bender splint and the cock-up splint. The new splints could be easily attached to the deformed limb after cooling. The splints avoided the development of spasticity, because they gradually recovered their original shapes and corrected the deformities when the heat of the room or body heat warmed the splints. Since the shape memory alloy has the dual function of thermal sensor and kinetic power source it was a simple device. The splint was, as a result, small and smart. It was apparent from clinical use that the splint was easy to wear and could be worn with comfort for an extended period. The design of the splints and the fabrication process are described and their application is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Electrophysiologic basis of dynamic extensor splinting.

The use of dynamic extension splinting in the rehabilitation of extensor tendon injuries is gaining interest because of its apparent ability to improve clinical results. With such splinting, the extensor musculature is theoretically quiescent during both active flexion and rubber band-mediated extension; the gliding produced thereby decreases adhesion formation. Our initial intent was to perform electromyographic studies on volunteers in dynamic extension splinting to test this electrophysiologic principle. It was found, however, that only 16% of normal volunteers have quiescent extensor digitorum communis muscle activity within the dynamic extension splint typically used in this type of rehabilitation. A second splint was developed with a dorsal hood to keep the metacarpophalangeal joints in approximately 15 degrees of flexion. In this splint, 18 of 19 volunteers (95%) showed no extensor activity. The explanation for this phenomenon is not yet clear, but it shows that splint design plays a more significant role than previously expected. The expected electrophysiologic principle of dynamic extension splinting for extensor tendon injuries has been validated, but only in a splint design that is not commonly used.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1989

Short-term effect of a stabilization splint on the asymmetry of submaximal masticatory muscle activity.

Ten healthy subjects continuously wore equilibrated maxillary full-arch stabilization splints in the retruded position for 7 days. The muscular activity balance of the masseter muscles during submaximal isometric clenching at 10% and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) did not change immediately on insertion of the splint, but was improved at the 50% level after 7 days (P less than 0.05). While the muscular balance of the anterior temporal muscles was not affected, either immediately on splint insertion, or after wearing it for 7 days, temporal muscle activity at 10% of the MVC was greater on the side to which the mandible moved from the retruded contact position (RCP) to the inter-cuspal position (ICP), both before (P less than 0.025) and after (P less than 0.01) wearing the splint. Splint removal after 7 days resulted in increased awareness of interferences in the ICP and increases in masseter muscle asymmetry (10%, P less than 0.025; 50%, P less than 0.05) when the electromyograms in the ICP after splint removal were compared with those on the stabilization splint before removal. After wearing the splint, the masseter muscle activity at the 10% level was greater on the side where premature contacts were present in the RCP (P less than 0.01). The use of masticatory muscle asymmetry indices in the evaluation of splint treatment for craniomandibular dysfunction is indicated since submaximal masticatory muscle activity is related to occlusal stability, premature contacts in the RCP and the direction of lateral slides from the RCP to the ICP.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

Influence of occlusal splints on bilateral anterior temporal EMG activity during swallowing of saliva in patients with craniomandibular dysfunction.

A full-arch maxillary stabilization occlusal splint was made for each of 10 patients with craniomandibular dysfunction. These splints were divided into three sections (one anterior and two posterior). This procedure allowed variation in the anteroposterior centric localization of occlusal contacts, thus permitting the recording of the EMG effects produced by the different occlusal splint sections. The integrated EMG activity was recorded from the right and left anterior temporal muscles during swallowing of saliva in habitual occlusion and with the different occlusal splint sections inserted. EMG activity during swallowing of saliva was significantly lower with the different occlusal splints than in habitual occlusion. This supports the rationale for diurnal wear of the occlusal splint. No differences in EMG activity were found during swallowing of saliva when different sections of the occlusal splints were used. This fact points out the possibility for therapeutic use of different occlusal splints for improving swallowing function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A new reinforced intracoronal composite resin splint. Clinical results after 1 year.

An intracoronal technique for semipermanent splinting of mobile or migrating teeth is described and clinically evaluated. Circumferential grooves of 1 to 1.5 mm depth were cut into the enamel in the occlusal third of the teeth to be splinted. The teeth were splinted by placing a polyester ligature in two or more figure-8 loops along the grooves, and sealing the grooves and interproximal contact areas with an acid-etch composite resin system. A total of 51 splints involving 183 teeth and 132 interproximal contact areas were placed in 34 patients. One year after insertion, 46 splints were found intact. Five splints presented with one fractured interdental element, each. Average mobility of the splinted teeth was 51% below the preoperative level. Splinting improved the masticatory comfort. The esthetic results were satisfactory.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1992

The use of intra-nasal splints: a consultant survey.

A questionnaire was sent to all United Kingdom consultants enquiring about their use of intra-nasal splints. 301 (70%) consultants replied. The commonest reason given for use of nasal splints was to try to prevent the formation of adhesions. Flat, pre-shaped silicone rubber splints were by far the most frequently used type. 64% used splints routinely for operations involving both walls of the nasal cavity. Just over one-third of respondents never or 'rarely' (less than 1 in 50 cases) used splints for procedures involving both walls of the nasal cavity. They reported an adhesion rate of 5.2% which was only 1.3% greater than that reported by those who always or 'sometimes' (at least 1 in 10 cases) used splints. Comments from some respondents and review of the literature suggests that early out-patient review with the use of nasal toilet is an effective alternative to using nasal splints in the prevention of intranasal adhesions.

Consultants↗
PubMed1979

The effect of splinting on tooth mobility. (2) After osseous surgery.

The purpose of this study was to determine if fixed splinting of teeth with intraoral wire and acrylic splints had advantages with respect to tooth mobility, bone level and attachment level over unsplinted teeth following osseous surgery. Ten patients were chosen who exhibited bilaterally similar chronic destructive periodontitis and mobile teeth. One maxillary sextant was splinted, while the other was unsplinted. Both sextants functioned against an unsplinted mandibular arch. Following initial therapy, osseous surgery was performed in both maxillary sextants on the same day. Tooth mobility data was collected 1 week before and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks following surgery. Levels of gingival attachment and bone were recorded before and 24 weeks after surgery. Splints were removed before measurements, then replaced, and the occlusion refined. Prophylaxes and oral hygiene instruction were repeated every 3 weeks throughout the study. For all categories of teeth and mobility examined, tooth mobility increased initially after surgery and subsequently decreased by 24 weeks to about presurgical values. The splinted and unsplinted segments reacted similarly throughout the study; splinting did not significantly reduce the mobility of individual teeth. Pre- and postsurgical bone and gingival attachment levels were also similar for the splinted and unsplinted segments.

Adult↗