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Results for “Spouse Abuse”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Judicial decision-making in contested custody cases: the influence of reported child abuse, spouse abuse, and parental substance abuse.

This study examined the relationship between allegations of maltreatment and substance abuse, and custody awards in Florida. Information concerning the presence, or absence, of these reports was collected on 60 contested initial disposition, or disposition modification cases, and was used to model judicial decision-making. Substantiated reports of child and spouse abuse occurred very infrequently in our sample. Conversely, substance abuse allegations occurred much more frequently. Judges appeared responsive to allegations of abuse with regard to awards of primary physical residence, despite the lack of substantiated evidence. Maltreatment allegations had no apparent impact, however, on awards of shared, versus sole, custody. Additionally, reports of parental substance abuse also had no apparent impact on judicial decision-making. Implications of these results are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Comparing different types of child abuse and spouse abuse offenders.

This study examined differences in offenders' background characteristics, personal and interpersonal problems, and family climate between three types of child abuse offenders (neglecters, physical abusers, and psychological abusers) and two forms of spouse abuse offenders (physical abusers and psychological abusers) in two large samples (child abuse n = 2,910; spouse abuse; n = 7,035) of cases officially identified over a 8-year period (1988-1995) by the U.S. Air Force Family Advocacy Program. Comparisons addressed demographic factors, personal and interpersonal problems, and aspects of family climate. Among child abusers, results supported the conclusion that types of child abuse varied with offender demographics and family climate factors. For spouse abusers, however, types of abuse were not as distinctly different in terms of the comparison variables. In general, therefore, for child abuse--but not for spouse abuse--findings challenge the view of abuse as a unitary phenomenon.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Perineal burns in males secondary to spouse abuse.

Male spouse abuse seems to be on the increase. Recognition of these injuries is often difficult as patients are reluctant to disclose the aetiology and press charges against the assailant. We identified a similar group of male patients who sustained burns to their external genitalia secondary to spouse abuse.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Spouse abuse, patient-physician communication, and patient satisfaction.

INTRODUCTION: This study examines differences in physician communication and patient satisfaction with physician care, contrasting women who have and have not been abused by spouses or intimate partners. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of women participated in a telephone survey including questions on spouse abuse, health status, satisfaction with physicians, and communication with physicians. This article uses data from the survey describing 1,082 married or cohabitating respondents 18-64 years of age who had a regular physician and made at least one doctor visit in 1992. RESULTS: Overall, 7.3% of respondents reported being physically abused by a spouse during the previous year. Abused women were much more likely than other women to report both poor communication and dissatisfaction with physicians. Only 9.7% of the abused women had discussed the abuse with a physician. Controlling for socio-demographic and health-related factors in logistic regression analysis, we found that spouse abuse more than doubled respondents' odds of being dissatisfied with physician care. When the quality of patient-physician communication was added to the model, the influence of spouse abuse became insignificant. Instead, women reporting poor communication with physicians were four times more likely than others to be dissatisfied with physician care. CONCLUSIONS: Spouse abuse creates barriers to patient-physician communication, and poor communication contributes to lower satisfaction with care. Careful interviewing by trained clinicians is essential to identify and address abusive situations and to prevent further damage to women's physical and mental health.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

"Shadows of the heart": a dramatic video for the treatment resistance of spouse abusers.

Successful intervention with spouse abusers, most of whom are ordered into treatment by the courts, must overcome formidable anger and resistance, often expressed by high attrition and scant participation in the group treatment process. The dramatic video "Shadows of the Heart" dissipates client resistance by providing internal motivation to control violent behavior. The video dramatizes spouse abuse from the viewpoint of a young boy, who as a man has become a spouse abuser. As clients experience compassion for the child witness to family violence, they learn to convert their habitual anger response into nonviolent actions. Developed to combat treatment resistance, the video presentation was tested in a randomized experiment with 106 male spouse abusers drawn from seven public and private agencies. Results indicate that the video presentation significantly increased attendance and participation in the group treatment process.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Screening spouse abusers for child abuse potential.

This study investigated the ability of the Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory to screen for child abuse in a group of spouse abusers. Eighty-seven untreated male spouse abusers and 95 nonabusers were administered the CAP Inventory. All of the subjects were active duty, United States military personnel. The completed, valid protocols revealed that 36.5% of the spouse abusers had elevated child abuse scores, while only 9.1% of the nonabusers had elevated abuse scores. An analysis of variance indicated that the spouse abusers had significantly higher mean abuse scores. Four concurrent reports of child abuse were made in the spouse abuse group. Two of these spouse/child abusers had valid protocols, and both scored significantly higher than those spouse abusers with no reported child abuse. The finding that over 36% of the spouse abusers had elevated child abuse scores supports Walker's (1979) finding that one-third of spouse abusers are child abusers. A limitation in this study is that no longitudinal data were obtained to determine whether those with elevated child abuse scores who were not reported for child abuse subsequently would abuse their children.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Risk of physical abuse to children of spouse abusing parents.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the gender-specific probability of a violent spouse also physically abusing his or her child within a representative sample. The study is based on a sample of 3,363 American parents interviewed for the 1985 National Family Violence Survey. The study shows that marital violence is a statistically significant predictor of physical child abuse. The greater the amount of violence against a spouse, the greater the probability of physical child abuse by the physically aggressive spouse. This relationship is stronger for husbands than for wives. The probability of child abuse by a violent husband increases from 5% with one act of marital violence to near certainty with 50 or more acts of marital violence. The predicted probability of child abuse by a violent wife increases from 5% with one act of marital violence to 30% with 50 or more acts of marital violence. Implications for divorce custody proceedings are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Identified spouse abuse as a risk factor for child abuse.

CONTEXT: There are limited data on the extent to which spouse abuse in a family is a risk factor for child abuse. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the subsequent relative risk of child abuse in families with a report of spouse abuse compared with other families. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Analysis of a centralized US Army database PARTICIPANTS: Married couples with children with at least one spouse on active duty in the US Army during 1989-95. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The US Army Family Advocacy Program's Central Database was used to identify child and spouse abuse. The exposure was an episode of identified spouse abuse and the main outcome was a substantiated episode of subsequent child abuse. RESULTS: During the study period of an estimated 2,019,949 person years, 14,270 incident child abuse cases were substantiated. Families with an incident case of spouse abuse identified during the study period were twice as likely to have a substantiated report of child abuse compaired with other military families, rate ratio, 2.0, (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-2.1). Young parental age had the highest rate ratio, 4.9 (95% CI 4.5-5.3) in the subgroup analysis controlling for rank. Identified spouse abuse was associated with physical abuse of a child, rate ratio 2.4 (95% CI 2.2-2.5), and with sexual abuse of a child, rate ratio 1.5 (95% CI 1.3-1.7). Identified spouse abuse was not associated with child neglect or maltreatment, rate ratio, 1.0 95% CI 0.9-1.1) CONCLUSION: An identified episode of spouse abuse in a family appears to be associated with an increased risk of subsequent child abuse and serves as an independent risk factor. Therefore. care providers should consider the potential risk to children when dealing with spouse abuse.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Examining the dynamics of spouse abuse: an alternative view.

Spouse abuse continues to be a great problem in our society. Much of the literature about the problem, however, assumes that the roles of perpetrator and victim are always fixed, with the man as perpetrator and the woman as victim. This perception is understandable if the injuries received are the focus of attention, and the sole informant about the violence is the person who has most often been the recipient of injuries. On occasions when both partners are interviewed, a different perception of violent relationships is likely to emerge. Violence can be viewed as occurring along a continuum. One extreme is represented as mutual combat, in which both partners play a role in the escalation of conflict. The other extreme follows the traditional concept of battering where the woman is victimized by the man. Primary care practitioners are in a position to assist clients who are in violent relationships and to help them learn more functional problem-solving skills. This article focuses on methods of identifying violent couples and teaching them how to interrupt the cycle of violence.

Decision Trees↗

PubMed1999

Spouse abuse: physician guidelines to identification, diagnosis, and management in the uniformed services.

Spouse abuse is a major social issue in our country. Based on national samples, between 10 and 20% of couples report some type of violence during the course of their marriage. In the United States, 1.8 million women are physically abused by their spouses each year. Within the military, it is estimated that the incidence of spouse abuse is even greater than in the civilian sector. Estimates suggest that one-third of military spouses experience abuse during their marriage. Although 87% of women prefer discussing their victimization with their physician, physicians, as a group, have been least effective in helping them. Recently, several barriers to physician recognition and intervention in domestic violence have been identified, and recommendations for specific training on abuse have been published. This paper provides military physicians an in-depth review of the guidelines to identification, diagnosis, and management of spouse abuse, with a special emphasis on their implementation within the uniformed services.

Female↗

PubMed1991

Community-based spouse abuse protection and family preservation team.

Fragmentation and lack of communication plague agencies that serve families in which spouse abuse occurs. Spouse-abuse families may have service needs that span the fields of medical, legal, and social services; law enforcement; and employment. This article provides a brief overview of the multiple service needs of spouse-abuse families and describes a framework for developing, organizing, and implementing a community-based spouse abuse protection and family preservation team. The proposed model recognizes the needs of victims, perpetrators, and their family members.

Community Health Services↗

PubMed1996

Cumulative trauma: the impact of child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and spouse abuse.

The present study investigated the relationship between trauma symptoms and a history of child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and physical abuse by a partner as an adult. While there has been some research examining the correlation between individual victimization experiences and traumatic stress, the cumulative impact of multiple victimization experiences has not been addressed. Subjects were recruited from psychological clinics and community advocacy agencies. Additionally, a nonclinical undergraduate student sample was evaluated. The results of this study indicate not only that victimization and revictimization experiences are frequent, but also that the level of trauma specific symptoms are significantly related to the number of different types of reported victimization experiences. The research and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Spouse abuse and alcohol problems among white, African American, and Hispanic U.S. Army soldiers.

BACKGROUND: Prior studies suggest racial/ethnic differences in the associations between alcohol misuse and spouse abuse. Some studies indicate that drinking patterns are a stronger predictor of spouse abuse for African Americans but not whites or Hispanics, while others report that drinking patterns are a stronger predictor for whites than African Americans or Hispanics. This study extends prior work by exploring associations between heavy drinking, alcohol-related problems, and risk for spouse abuse within racial/ethnic groups as well as variations associated with whether the perpetrator is drinking during the spouse abuse incident. METHODS: Cases (N=7,996) were all active-duty male, enlisted Army spouse abusers identified in the Army's Central Registry (ACR) who had also completed an Army Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) Survey between 1991 and 1998. Controls (N=17,821) were matched on gender, rank, and marital and HRA status. RESULTS: We found 3 different patterns of association between alcohol use and domestic violence depending upon both the race/ethnicity of the perpetrator and whether or not alcohol was involved in the spouse abuse event. First, after adjusting for demographic and psychosocial factors, weekly heavy drinking (>14 drinks per week) and alcohol-related problems (yes to 2 or more of 6 alcohol-related problem questions, including the CAGE) were significant predictors of domestic violence among whites and Hispanics only. Also for the white soldiers, the presence of family problems mediated the effect of alcohol-related problems on spouse abuse. Second, alcohol-related problems predicted drinking during a spouse abuse incident for all 3 race groups, but this relation was moderated by typical alcohol consumption patterns in Hispanics and whites only. Finally, alcohol-related problems predicted drinking during a spouse abuse incident, but this was a complex association moderated by different psychosocial or behavioral variables within each race/ethnic group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest important cultural/social influences that interact with drinking patterns.

Black or African American↗

PubMed2000

Physician beliefs about victims of spouse abuse and about the physician role.

Our purpose was to measure the beliefs of physicians about victims of spouse abuse and to examine factors related to holding positive (e.g., supportive) and negative beliefs about providing services to victims of domestic violence. This was a total site sample of 150 physicians (76 responded; RR 51%), surveyed at one time, practicing in a large general hospital and the surrounding urban/periurban area. Four specialities are represented: emergency medicine, family practice, obstetrics-gynecology, and psychiatry. Three aspects of beliefs are measured: beliefs toward physician role in assisting victims of spouse abuse, beliefs about victims of spouse abuse, and beliefs about resources available to physicians to assist victims of spouse abuse. Almost all (97%) physicians believe it is part of their role to assist victims of domestic violence. Almost one third (30%) hold victim-blaming attitudes toward victims of spouse abuse, and the majority (70%) do not believe that they have the resources available to them to assist victims of domestic violence. Being female, younger, practicing obstetrics-gynecology, and having fewer years in practice are all significantly related to holding supportive (positive) beliefs. The majority of negative beliefs held are about resource availability. Hence, training programs may need to be developed locally for physicians and tailored to individual community characteristics. Training programs should also emphasize the importance of understanding the victims of spouse abuse and of not blaming the victims for the violence.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Evaluation of spouse abuse treatment: description and evaluation of the Air Force Family Advocacy Programs for spouse physical abuse.

Data are reported from a sample of 2,991 spouse physical abusers who received Air Force Family Advocacy Program (FAP) services and who volunteered to complete program evaluation measures that were administered before and after treatment and at a 6-month follow-up. As expected, after treatment compared with before treatment, professionals rated offenders as less at risk, and the offenders indicated general satisfaction with the Family Advocacy Program services. Additionally, as predicted, objective measures indicated that offenders showed significant (p < 0.001) decreases in family conflict and child abuse risk and significant increases (p < 0.001) in family cohesion, family expression, and marital satisfaction. An analysis of the available follow-up data indicated that each of the post-treatment improvements were maintained at the time of the follow-up evaluation.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Drinking and spouse abuse among U.S. Army soldiers.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the relationship between typical weekly drinking and perpetration of spouse abuse as well as the relationship between the perpetrator's typical weekly drinking and alcohol use during the abuse event among U.S. Army male soldiers. METHODS: Cases include all active duty, male, enlisted Army spouse abusers identified in the Army's Central Registry who had also completed an Army Health Risk Appraisal Survey (HRA) between 1991 and 1998 (N = 9534). Cases were matched on sex, rank, and marital status with 21,786 control subjects who had also completed an HRA. RESULTS: In multivariate logistic regression models, heavy drinkers (22 or more drinks per week) were 66% more likely to be spouse abusers than were abstainers (odds ratio 1.66; 95% confidence interval 1.40-1.96). In addition, self-reported moderate and heavy drinkers were three times as likely and light drinkers (1-7 drinks per week) were twice as likely as nondrinkers to be drinking during the time of the abuse event. CONCLUSION: Self-reported heavy drinking is an independent risk factor for perpetration of spouse abuse among male, enlisted Army soldiers. Even 5 years or more after ascertainment of typical drinking habits, there is a significant association between self-reported heavy drinking and alcohol involvement at the time of the spouse abuse event. Personnel who work with perpetrators and victims of spouse abuse should be trained carefully to query about current and typical drinking patterns.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1989

Research note: the response of the clergy to spouse abuse in a suburban county.

An attempt was made to study the response of religious organizations to spouse abuse in a suburban county in the state of Maryland. Clergy members representing a variety of denominations from 143 churches and synagogues were surveyed. The presence of an ongoing problem-oriented discussion group as part of clergy functions was positively related to the identification of spouse abuse. More than half of the responding clerics acknowledged the need to improve efforts in addressing spouse abuse. Victim reticence to seek help, and lack of information about state law, legal options, and programs for spouse abusers were identified as major factors hampering response. Recommendations are made to improve linkages between the clergy and other involved community groups.

Attitude↗

PubMed1990

Clinical strategies in recognizing spouse abuse.

Physicians have developed an increased sensitivity to the recognition and management of spouse abuse. Examined are clinical data and research which will enhance the physician's assessment of spouse abuse. Specific criteria useful in diagnosis and strategies helpful in the assessment process are discussed. Addressed are psychological factors involved in the adaptation process, and the possible long-term effects on the victim are discussed. The role of family physicians and other subspecialties is explored within the context of the recognition and management of spouse abuse.

Affective Symptoms↗