Properties of staphylococcus phage UC-18: a comparison with the international phage series.
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98 staphylococci strains isolated from skin lesions of dogs were tested for their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. These examinations have proved that the majority of the strains was Staphylococcus intermedius (n = 97), and only one was Staphylococcus aureus. The strains were also tested for their sensitivity to bacteriophages. Most of Staphylococcus intermedius strains (n = 75) could be typed with the set of human phages, typing staphylococci isolated from man. Two phages, 676 and Phi 131 have turned out to be highly active towards a large number of the isolates.
The main characteristics of the phiD convertant phage of Staphylococcus aureus have been studied, including the quantitative study of the induction of BSS (phiD) strain by U.V., of the multiplication of the inducted phage, and of its sensitivity to the U.V. irradiation.
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A fulminating septicemia due to Staphylococcus aureus phage type 94/96(292) resulting in the death of a patient with no previous history of illness. This newly characterized strain is identified by an additional typing reaction with experimental phage 292. The prevalence of this strain is discussed.
Methicillin-resistant (Mec(r)) strains of Staphylococcus aureus received for phage typing from several hospitals in New York City were resistant to the international set of typing phages but susceptible to experimental phage 92. Subsequently, strains of type 92 were detected in two outbreaks with Mec(r) strains in two other locations in the United States. In all instances, type 92 was predominant among the Mec(r) strains isolated in each hospital. With the exception of one strain, the methicillin resistance of the Mec(r) strains investigated was homogeneous. In most instances, isolates from the same hospital were closely similar in their antibiotic resistance patterns. The strains isolated in New York City could be divided into three groups by the host range of their lysogenic phages and by antigenic structure. Transduction experiments indicated that the transfer of chromosomal tetracycline resistance from Mec(r) strains into a strain susceptible to several international typing phages renders the latter nontypable. However, the acceptor strain remains susceptible to experimental phages 92 and 88. Transduction of methicillin resistance had no effect on the phage susceptibility of the acceptor strain. It is possible that the presence of chromosomal tetracycline resistance is a determining factor in the phage susceptibility of Mec(r) strains isolated in New York City.
The phage patterns of 15 790 S. aureus isolates collected from human sources in New York State (exclusive of New York City) during the 10-year period 1966-1975 were analysed. The results showed changes in the distribution of phage groups and a steadily increasing incidence of nontypable S. aureus.
From 1985 to 1987 within the framework of our health monitoring programme, the occurrence of S. aureus in our rodent colonies and their caretakers have been surveyed. To obtain further information on S. aureus subtypes, isolates were subjected to phage typing using the international set of bacteriophages. Strains derived from pathological processes but also randomly chosen isolates from healthy animal carriers and the personnel underwent lysotyping. With respect to the animals every hygienic unit harbours its characteristic S. aureus lysotype(s). Among these, usually one pattern dominates in pathological processes and healthy carriers, although the spectrum of phage types distributed among the caretakers shows a much greater variation and some of the attendants are suspected to be not only transient carriers. A comparison with an earlier investigation done in our institute about a decade ago (Lenz et al. 1978) shows the prevalence of completely different phage types.