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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2024

Acute strength exercise training impacts differently the HERV-W expression and inflammatory biomarkers in resistance exercise training individuals.

BACKGROUND: Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are fossil viruses that composes 8% of the human genome and plays several important roles in human physiology, including muscle repair/myogenesis. It is believed that inflammation may also regulate HERV expression, and therefore may contribute in the muscle repair, especially after training exercise. Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of HERVs expression and inflammation profile in practitioners' resistance exercises after an acute strength training session. METHODS: Healthy volunteers were separated in regular practitioners of resistance exercise training group (REG, n = 27) and non-trained individuals (Control Group, n = 20). All individuals performed a strength exercise section. Blood samples were collected before the exercise (T0) and 45 minutes after the training session (T1). HERV-K (HML1-10) and W were relatively quantified, cytokine concentration and circulating microparticles were assessed. RESULTS: REG presented higher level of HERV-W expression (~2.5 fold change) than CG at T1 (p<0.01). No difference was observed in the levels of HERV-K expression between the groups as well as the time points. Higher serum TNF-&#x3b1; and IL-10 levels were verified post-training session in REG and CG (p<0.01), and in REG was found a positive correlation between the levels of TNF-&#x3b1; at T1 and IL-10 at T0 (p = 0.01). Finally, a lower endothelial microparticle percentage was observed in REG at T1 than in T0 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: REG individuals exhibited a significant upregulation of HERV-W and modulation of inflammatory markers when compared to CG. This combined effect could potentially support the process of skeletal muscle repair in the exercised individuals.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Effects of exercise on muscle strength and characteristics in rheumatic diseases and sarcopenia: Protocol for the Care for Muscle (C4M) Study.

OBJECTIVE: Muscle weakness is prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and sarcopenia (SARC). Endurance exercises may improve mitochondrial function and oxidative capacity, while strength exercises are thought to stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis. This study aims to compare the effects of strength and endurance exercise and explore the association between muscle characteristics and exercise outcomes in patients with RA, OA and SARC. We hypothesize that responses to endurance and strength exercises in patients with muscle weakness are influenced by intramuscular pathology including muscle morphology, mitochondrial function, and systemic inflammation, based on their disease pathology, potentially requiring personalized training schedules. METHODS: This two-arm, parallel-group exploratory trial will enroll 69 patients (23 RA, 23 OA, 23 SARC), randomized to endurance (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;35) or muscle strength exercises (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;34), using minimization to balance disease type and gender. The 8-week intervention includes two supervised sessions per week using a controlled cable pulley device (Reforter&#x2122;) and fitness equipment, plus one weekly home-based session. The primary outcome is isokinetic muscle strength (peak torque), measured with the Biodex system&#xae;. Secondary outcomes include muscle morphology, mitochondrial function, systemic inflammation and muscle endurance (by Biodex and 6 Minute Walk test). Muscle morphology will be assessed via 3D ultrasound imaging of the vastus lateralis. Mitochondrial function will be analyzed using high-resolution respirometry on muscle biopsies. Systemic inflammation will be measured using multiplex assays or ELISA on serum samples. DISCUSSION: This study will explore differential responses to muscle endurance and muscle strength exercises in patients with RA, OA, and SARC, offering novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of muscle weakness. The findings may help identify potential mechanisms underlying variability in exercise response and provide effect size estimates to guide future confirmatory studies and more targeted exercise interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06480643 (date of registration28-06-24).

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Effects of different resistance exercise programs on upper limb functional recovery in postoperative breast cancer patients.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of grip strength exercise combined with upper limb resistance exercise on upper limb functional rehabilitation in patients after breast cancer surgery. METHODS: A total of 111 patients who underwent either modified radical mastectomy with ALND or breast-conserving surgery with ALND were randomly assigned to a control group, an upper limb resistance exercise group, and a combined grip and upper limb resistance exercise group. Grip strength was measured at baseline, 16 weeks after intervention, and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, while shoulder function was assessed using the Constant-Murley Scale (CMS). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in grip strength or CMS scores among the groups before intervention (P&#x202f;>&#x202f;0.05). At the post-intervention, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups, compared with the control group, both resistance training protocols significantly improved patients' joint range of motion, pain, muscle strength, total CMS score, and grip strength (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). Compared with the upper limb resistance exercise group, the combined grip and upper limb resistance exercise group demonstrated superior grip strength at the 6-month follow-up (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05), as well as more significant improvements in joint range of motion, pain, muscle strength, and total CMS scores (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). CONCLUSION: A 16-week resistance exercise program effectively improves upper limb function in post-surgical breast cancer patients, with the combined grip and upper limb resistance exercise program yielding superior outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Effect on maximal strength of submaximal exercise in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Four Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, with quadriceps of at least antigravity strength, exercised one quadriceps submaximally 4 or 5 days per week for six months. The exercise was done under supervision and consisted of extending one knee from 90 degrees to full extension using the Cybex isokinetic exerciser. The other side was not exercised at all. The two sides were tested for maximal isokinetic strength monthly for twelve months and at 18 and 24 months after the beginning of the study. On the average, the exercised leg had a greater maximal torque both during and after the exercise period until the torques on both sides decreased to zero. The results indicate that submaximal exercise has no negative effect and may be of limited value in increasing strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Endurance, strength, and coordination exercises without cardiovascular or respiratory stress.

In an attempt to maintain physical health, the author studied various exercises and after six years of research has knowledge of a form of exercise which increases endurance, strength, and coordination without cardiovascular or respiratory strain. This paper introduces five exercises, outlines their physiology, and proposes some aspects of their mechanisms of action.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Increase of muscle strength from isometric quadriceps exercises at different knee angles.

Isometric quadriceps exercises were performed at two different knee angles, 15 and 60 degrees respectively. The maximal torque was measured in both positions before and after training in 10 healthy females. Both legs were exercised, one at each position. The purpose was to develop practical recommendations for choice of training position. The strength increase was mainly specific according to the angle at which the knee was exercised. It was suggested that isometric exercise would preferably be performed at different knee angles to secure an optimal total strength increase. Isometric exercises improved dynamic strength at a low velocity but not at a high velocity.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A study on the rehabilitation of ischemic heart disease patients. The heart rate, beta-receptor blocking agents and strength-duration relationship of exercise.

Exercise tests with bicycle ergometer were performed in 9 normals and 54 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), in order to evaluate the heart rate (HR) as a parameter for determining the physical working capacity and controlling the daily activities, and to observe the circulatory and metabolic effects of beta-blockers and moreover to study the strength-duration relationship of exertion. The following results were obtained and discussed: 1. Reliable correlation between heart rate and O2 consumption during all phases of exercise, including the recovery period (R = 0.60-0.87, p less than 0.001) and parallelism of heart rate and pressure rate product allows the heart rate to be used as a parameter for myocardial O2 demand and ST-T changes. It is reasonable to evaluate the exercise effect by the net increment of heart rate during and after exercise, and to utilize the increment of heart rate in the recovery period for the evaluation of physical fitness and adaptability. 2. Similar to other studies made on beta-blockers, in this study too, the agents including Kö 1366 suppressed the exercise responses of heart rate (p less than 0.01), the product of heart rate and blood pressure (p less than 0.01), and O2 consumption (p less than 0.01). But a relatively slow recovery of O2 consumption from the peak response towards pre-exercise level and a higher O2 pulse in the early recovery period was observed after beta-blocker medication. 3. Capillary (ear lobe) pH decreased and recovered in correlation with the strength of exertion. This corresponded with the response of other factors such as ST-T, heart rate, pressure-rate product, and O2 consumption, showing that the exercise strength was one of the more dominant factors to determine allowable work load for ischemic heart disease patients. 4. Recovery of pH was delayed after medication with Kö 1366 (p less than 0.01).

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Electrical stimulation in exercise of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

Thirty-seven healthy subjects took part in an investigation to determine if the application of electrical stimulation to normal muscle, in combination with exercise, augments strength. Subjects were divided into three groups. Grwoup A (n = 14) was a control group (no exercise, no electrical stimulation). Group B members (n = 11) engaged in 10 sessions of maximum isometric exercise, and Group C subjects (n = 12) performed 10 sessions of maximum isometric exercise while simultaneously receiving electrical stimulation. The knee extensor muscles of subjects in Groups B and C increased in strength. However, the strength gains for Groups B and C were equivalent, suggesting that electrical stimulation combined with maximum isometric contractions has no greater effect on enhancing strength than does conventional static exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Activation of abdominal muscles during some physiotherapeutic exercises.

The aim was to evaluate the theoretical efficiency of some abdominal muscle exercises for strength training. Sit-up with rounded back (curl-up) from the supine position up to 45 degrees activates the straight and oblique abdominal muscles to 50% of the values for maximum isometric contraction measured as integrated EMG. This exercise was compared with two previously suggested exercises: curl-up with simultaneous activation of the plantar-flexors of the ankle activated the abdominal muscles to the same level and curl-up from a position with dorsally extended spine did not activate the muscles more. Curl-up with lateral rotation of the trunk gave a high activation of the oblique muscles. This exercise was compared with two completely isometric exercises suggested for patients with back pain: only somewhat lower activation was obtained during an exercise in supine position with lateral resistance to the knees, but with lateral resistance against the elevated forearms there was only little activation.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2026

Exerkine dysregulation links visceral adiposity to skeletal muscle impairment in end-stage heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: proteomic evidence for a cardio-adipose-muscle axis.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with profound alterations in body composition, skeletal muscle dysfunction, and impaired exercise capacity. Exerkines representing exercise-responsive signaling molecules released by skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and other organs may mediate systemic metabolic communication between tissues. However, their role in advanced HFrEF and their relationship with adiposity and skeletal muscle characteristics remain poorly understood. METHODS: We studied 73 patients with end-stage HFrEF and 16 healthy controls. Body composition was assessed using computed tomography, including visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), as well as skeletal muscle quantity (psoas muscle index, PMI) and quality (psoas muscle density, PMD). Functional performance was evaluated using handgrip strength (HGT) and the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Circulating exerkines were quantified using the Olink technology. Associations between proteins and clinical variables were assessed using age- and creatinine-adjusted linear models with false discovery rate correction. RESULTS: Among patients with HFrEF, 36% were obese and 38% exhibited central obesity independent of BMI. Muscle strength and muscle quality were strongly associated with functional capacity. VAT correlated with muscle mass but not with muscle quality or performance. Compared with controls, HFrEF patients demonstrated elevated inflammatory and metabolic stress-related exerkines including CXCL8, CCL2, IL-6, TNF, IL-15, GDF15, FGF21, ANGPTL4, CTSB, DCN, and resistin. In contrast, proteins associated with muscle integrity and regenerative signaling (myostatin, BDNF, IL-7, SPARC) were significantly reduced. In HFrEF patients leptin strongly correlated with adiposity measures. Metabolic stress mediators (GDF15, IL-15, FGF21, CTSB) were inversely associated with muscle quality and functional performance, whereas myostatin positively correlated with muscle quality, strength, and exercise capacity. BDNF was inversely associated with frailty. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced HFrEF is characterized by a dysregulated exerkine network linking adiposity, skeletal muscle quality, and functional performance. Four biologically coherent axes were identified: a leptin-driven adiposity axis, a metabolic stress-muscle quality axis, a myostatin-related muscle function axis, and a neurotrophic frailty axis. These findings support the presence of a systemic cardio-adipose-muscle signaling network in end-stage HFrEF and identify candidate molecular mediators of sarcopenia and functional decline.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Effects of acute resistance exercise on prefrontal oxygenation and task-switching performance: Considerations of loading strategies and blood flow restriction.

Although acute resistance exercise (RE) has been proposed to influence cognitive flexibility and underlying neural mechanisms, it remains unclear whether these effects vary across loading strategies and whether exercise-induced prefrontal hemodynamic responses translate into cognitive outcomes. The present study examined (1) prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) responses across exercise sets and conditions, (2) the effects of low-load (LL), LL with blood flow restriction (BFR), and high-load (HL) RE on task-switching performance, and (3) whether exercise-related PFC O2Hb responses were associated with pre- to post-exercise changes in task-switching performance. Thirty physically active adults completed three randomized, counterbalanced RE conditions consisting of four sets of barbell squats. LL was performed at 30% one-repetition maximum (1RM) with and without BFR, whereas HL was performed at 70% 1RM. Cognitive flexibility was assessed pre- and post-exercise using a modified Stroop task, indexed by switch-cost reaction time (RT) and accuracy. PFC O2Hb was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during exercise and expressed as changes from the resting baseline for each set (Sets 1-4). PFC O2Hb increased across sets, rising from Set 1 to Set 3 before plateauing, with no differences observed across conditions. Switch cost RT and accuracy did not improve from pre- to post-exercise, and no differences across conditions were detected. PFC O2Hb during the final set was not associated with changes in switch cost. These findings suggest that although acute RE elicits robust increases in prefrontal hemodynamic activity, such responses may not translate into acute improvements in cognitive flexibility.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The management of muscular dystrophy: a clinical review.

The optimal management of muscular dystrophy is multidisciplinary and aggressive in nature. Serial assessment aids in determining the functional stage of the disease and in indicating specific therapies. Physical therapy can augment strength through exercise and relieve contracture through passive stretching. Occupational therapy is employed to help the patient manage his activities of daily living within the restrictions imposed on him by his disease. Progressive disability can be delayed through a variety of physiatric and orthopedic techniques, including surgical release of lower-extremity contracture, repair of foot and ankle deformity, and correction of scoliosis. Appropriate orthoses are available, as are a variety of special devices to facilitate ongoing care for postambulatory patients. Physicians treating the muscular dystrophies should be aware of the complications of these diseases, particularly cardiomyopathy, pulmonary failure, and psychological and social problems.

Braces↗
PubMed1977

The influence of lead strength on the S-T changes with exercise electrocardiography (correlative study with coronary arteriography).

The contribution of relative lead strength to S-T segment depression amplitude during exercise was evaluated in 98 patients who had both a treadmill stress test and a coronary arteriogram. This was accomplished by constructing an exercise S-T depression to R wave ratio (S-T/R) and then relating these ratios to the extent of coronary disease found with arteriography. The additional criterion of 1 mm S-T depression for the bipolar V5 and 0.5 mm for the late unipolar V5 was also reviewed. These criteria were then compared to the sensitivity and specificity of the usual 1 mm S-T depression criterion. The S-T/R ratio of 0.04 improved the detection of significant coronary disease over the usual criteria. The ratio of 0.1 was effective in avoiding false positive tests but lacked sensitivity. This would suggest that strong lead systems may give false positive S-T changes with exercise. The use of 0.5 mm depression as abnormal for the post-exercise unipolar V5 improved sensitivity without loss of specificity over the usual criteria of 1 mm S-T depression criteria. This may be a reflection of the voltage differences between the bipolar lead and the unipolar lead in these two lead systems. It is concluded that lead strength must be considered when evaluating the S-T response to exercise.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1978

Sex differences in the relationship between strength, endurance and limb morphology.

Studies were carried out to examine methods of measuring leg densities and to learn whether physical activity affects the composition of the leg. Sixty five female college students were tested to determine the center of mass of the leg and then the leg weight was determined using a single or double scale method. The center of mass was found to fall 43% of the distance distal from the trochanter. This was below the upper patella landmark used in the single scale method. It was indicated that the more dense the leg, the higher the center of mass. A second study measured the changes in leg densities and size following a five week training period. Seven males and seven females used a strength training apparatus. The results showed strength and girth changes occurred with females reducing the girth and both males and females increasing strength. The habituation to exercise may have played a part in the changes. Strength increases change much faster than size or weight. Females changed strength at a faster rate than males and subjects exercising very little had similar leg compositions when compared to heavy exercisers.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1979

Serial isometric contractions under imposed myotatic stretch conditions in high-strength and low-strength men.

The immediate effects of an imposed myotatic stretch on knee extensor force were studied in 12 high-strength and 12 low-strength men. Under nonfatigued pre-exercise conditions, significant tension increases of 6.5% for the high-strength group and 11.0% for low-strength subjects were observed as a result of the imposed stretch. An exercise treatment involving 28 serial isometic contractions, each of 5 s duration, with an intertrial rest period of 10 s was administered. This fatiguing exercise resulted in significant decrements in strength on the order of 28.0% and 18.5% for the high-strength and low-strength groups, respectively. A Similar treatment which included a 1 s imposed myotatic stretch during each trial resulted in a greater strength decrement for the low-strength group (26.4%) than for the high-strength subjects (15.0%). A neural factor involving the stretch reflex is tentatively suggested as a plausible explanation accounting for the observation that high-strength subjects fatigue faster than low-strength subjects under conditions of isometric exercise, while low-strength subjects fatigue faster than high-strength individuals in isometric exercise which is performed with an imposed stretch.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

Exercise Therapy in Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Focused on Muscle Strength, Redox Balance, and Inflammatory Profile.

OBJECTIVE: This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of exercise therapy on muscle strength, redox balance, and inflammatory profile in individuals with Down syndrome. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, and PEDro. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials exploring exercise therapy effects on muscle strength and redox balance in individuals with Down syndrome. Although no initial restrictions on age, gender, or health condition were applied during the search process, all included studies focused on adult participants (>18 yr old). No language restrictions were applied, and the search covered the period from 1970 to 2021. RESULTS: We assessed the abstract of 1964 studies. Of the 46 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for the period 2004-2021, 32 focused on muscle strength, and 14 examined redox balance and inflammation. A total of 1611 participants with a mean age of 27 yr were included. This review confirmed that different exercise modalities are prone to improve muscle strength (random effect (95% confidence interval): 0.66, 0.54 to 0.78), redox balance and inflammatory profile (random effect (95% confidence interval): -1.04, -1.31 to -0.76) in this population. The multimodel inference suggested that the frequency of training (times per week) might play a significant role in the main effect. Unsupervised machine learning algorithms displayed a pattern-based graphic representation to assess heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training demonstrated a positive impact on muscle strength in adults with Down syndrome. The review provides valuable insights into the effects of exercise therapy on individuals with Down syndrome, emphasizing the need for tailored training prescriptions.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Strength and fitness and subsequent back injuries in firefighters.

This prospective investigation was done to evaluate five strength and fitness measurements and the subsequent occurrence of back injuries in 1652 firefighters for the years 1971 to 1974. The prospective measurements included flexibility, isometric lifting strength, bicycle ergometer exercise measurements of two-minute recovery heart rate, diastolic blood pressure at a heart rate of 160 beats per minute and watts of effort required to sustain heart rate at 160. Three fitness and conditioning groups were established by multivariate ranking and regression techniques (259 high, 266 low, and 1127 middle) and the subsequent back injuries were tabulated for the three groups. The results showed a graded and statistically significant protective effect for added levels of fitness and conditioning (least fit, 7.1% injured; middle fit, 3.2% jured; and most fit, 0.8% injured). It was concluded that physical fitness and conditioning of firefighters are preventive of back injuries and that further investigations are warranted to study other injuries and physical fitness in this physically active occupational group.

Adult↗