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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Bacteremia by Streptobacillus moniliformis: first case described in Spain.

Described here is the case of an 87-year-old man who developed fever, chills and discomfort caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis. This pathogen is one of the causes of rat-bite fever, an uncommon bacterial illness transmitted through a bite or scratch from a rodent or the ingestion of food or water contaminated with rat faeces. Cases of rat-bite fever are rarely reported in Spain. The patient reported no history of rat bite or rodent contact, and the only known risk factor was contact with a dog and a cat that were kept as pets. Streptobacillus moniliformis was isolated in two sets of blood cultures. This case represents what is believed to be the first report of bacteremia due to Streptobacillus moniliformis in Spain.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Streptobacillus moniliformis--a zoonotic pathogen. Taxonomic considerations, host species, diagnosis, therapy, geographical distribution.

Streptobacillus moniliformis (Sm), the causative agent of rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever in man, is also a pathogen in certain laboratory and domestic animals. With the introduction of modern maintenance systems, this microorganism seemed to be eradicated from laboratory animal units, but recent reports of Streptobacillus moniliformis (Sm) in colonies of laboratory rodents give evidence that this 'forgotten' bacterium can still be found even behind hygienic barrier systems. Although various national and international recommendations on microbiological screening include Sm, attempts to screen might fail because of insufficient knowledge about this remarkable bacterium. This article highlights these problems. As there is no recent review of Streptobacillus moniliformis, present knowledge of this zoonotic agent is summarized to include: description of the bacterium, its taxonomic position, host spectrum and clinical importance for animals and man, cultivation, diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, risk to laboratory personnel (occupational hazard) and geographical distribution.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors report two cases of endocarditis secondary to Streptobacillus moniliformis. A 41 year-old man, bitten by a rat, is hospitalized 5 weeks later for an endocarditis demonstrated by echocardiography, with massive aortic escape and hemodynamic failure requiring emergency valve replacement: after a favorable course, the patient dies suddenly 4 months later. A 63 year-old woman is admitted for a septicemic syndrome with sterno-clavicular arthritis which occurred 10 days after a rat bite; followed by a transient ischemic cerebral vascular accident; echocardiogram shows a clubshaped bulge of the distal end of the large mitral valve; the course is uneventful under antibiotherapy. In both cases, blood cultures isolate a Streptobacillus moniliformis. Infections secondary to Streptobacillus moniliformis are rare; this Gram negative bacillus, saprophyte of the rat's rhinopharynx, is transmitted to man, most of the time, by bite, and this causes a septicemia, the evolution of which is usually favorable. Complications, especially endocarditis, are exceptionally rare: only 12 cases are found in the world's literature. The evolution is always fatal in the absence of treatment which must include the association penicillin-aminoside. Prophylaxis of this disease is provided by penicillin antibiotherapy which should be systematic after a rodent's bite.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Streptobacillus moniliformis infection: 2 cases and a literature review.

Two cases of Streptobacillus moniliformis infection are reported in farmers bitten by rats during their work. One patient had a subcutaneous abscess requiring surgical treatment and the other streptobacillary rat bite fever. Streptobacillus moniliformis was isolated from pus and blood, respectively. An erythromycin course failed to eradicate the infection in the first patient. Both patients were successfully treated with penicillin.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Fatal Streptobacillus moniliformis infection in a two-month-old infant.

Streptobacillus moniliformis is an uncommon human pathogen contracted from exposure to rodents. It usually produces a mild, protracted illness (rat-bite fever, Haverhill fever, erythema arthriticum epidemicum) that has either a favorable response to antibiotic therapy or spontaneously resolves. This report describes a fatal case of Streptobacillus moniliformis in an infant bitten by a wild rat. The autopsy findings included an interstitial pneumonia, fibrinous endocarditis, mild mononuclear meningitis, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, erythrophagocytosis, and sinusoidal mononuclear cell infiltrates in regional lymph nodes and the liver. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the autopsy pathology findings of this agent.

Autopsy↗

PubMed2007

Rat bite fever and Streptobacillus moniliformis.

Rat bite fever, caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis, is a systemic illness classically characterized by fever, rigors, and polyarthralgias. If left untreated, it carries a mortality rate of 10%. Unfortunately, its nonspecific initial presentation combined with difficulties in culturing its causative organism produces a significant risk of delay or failure in diagnosis. The increasing popularity of rats and other rodents as pets, together with the risk of invasive or fatal disease, demands increased attention to rat bite fever as a potential diagnosis. The clinical and biological features of rat bite fever and Streptobacillus moniliformis are reviewed, providing some distinguishing features to assist the clinician and microbiologist in diagnosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Isolation of Streptobacillus moniliformis from the middle ear of rats.

Streptobacillus moniliformis was isolated from the middle ear of 9 of 16 rats used for otological studies. Examination of rat sera for the presence of anti-Streptobacillus moniliformis antibodies using an ELISA technique resulted in 15 seropositive animals. The source of the S. moniliformis infection was not determined.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Streptobacillus actinoides (Bacillus actinoides): isolation from pneumonic lungs of calves and pathogenicity studies in gnotobiotic calves.

Pneumonic lungs of 56 calves were examined and 12 (21 per cent) of them yielded Streptobacillus moniliformis-like organisms. These organisms resembled those previously described as Bacillus actinoides or Actinobacillus actinoides. After intratracheal inoculation of cultures of two strains of these organisms, pneumonic consolidation developed in five out of six gnotobiotic calves and involved up to 16 per cent of the lung surface. Histological lesions of interstitial pneumonia were observed in the lungs of all six calves. Swellings at the site of the infection followed intradermal and subcutaneous inoculation of cultures of all strains in calves. Mice showed no signs of illness following intraperitoneal injection of three stains. The bacteriological findings suggested that a more appropriate name for these organisms would be Streptobacillus actinoides.

Actinobacillus↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Brain abscess due to Streptobacillus moniliformis and Actinobacterium meyerii.

This paper deals with a case of brain abscess due to Streptobacillus moniliformis (the cause of the streptobacillary type of rat-bite fever) and Actinobacterium meyerii. Brain abscesses due to these micro-organisms are rare. The possible causative mechanisms in this particular case and the diagnostic and therapeutic management of brain abscesses in general are discussed.

Actinomycosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis in an HIV-positive patient.

Streptobacillus moniliformis is the causative agent of rat bite fever, with endocarditis being a rare but well-documented complication. We report the case of an HIV-positive man who acquired S. moniliformis endocarditis through a rat bite. No predisposing cardiac lesion was known. He was treated with ceftriaxone 2 g/day i.v. for 3 weeks, gentamicin 120 mg/day i.v. for 2 weeks and penicillin 24x10(6) units/day for 1 week. At the end of the antibiotic therapy he suffered a generalized Candida albicans infection, which was treated with fluconazole for 1 week. He was subsequently discharged in a satisfactory condition.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Streptobacillus moniliformis isolated from blood in four cases of Haverhill fever.

During February, 1983, an outbreak of an unusual febrile illness occurred in over 130 children attending a boarding school in Chelmsford, Essex. The clinical features included fever, an erythematous rash that was most prominent on the hands and feet, arthralgia, and the subsequent development of a sore throat. The nature and distribution of the rash varied considerably between patients and at different stages of illness. At first a viral aetiology was regarded as most likely. When Streptobacillus moniliformis was later isolated from the blood of 4 of the patients with moderately severe illnesses it became apparent that an outbreak of Haverhill fever had occurred at this school. The most probable source of the outbreak was raw milk, since all 4 patients had consumed raw milk at the school shortly before the onset of symptoms and there was no evidence of person-to-person spread of infection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Outbreak of fever caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis.

A large outbreak of streptobacillary fever, confirmed by the isolation of Streptobacillus moniliformis from blood culture, affected 304 people, 43% of the total population of 700 in a boarding school. Raw milk initially appeared to be the vehicle of infection, but detailed epidemiological investigation showed significant statistical associations between the development of illness and the consumption of both milk and water. Further analysis showed that the association with water was independent of that with milk and that water was therefore more likely to have been the vehicle of infection. Opportunity for contamination of water by rats existed, although contamination was not confirmed by the isolation of S moniliformis from either rats or the water supply.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Molecular diagnosis of arthritis due to streptobacillus moniliformis.

Streptobacillus moniliformis was identified as etiologic agent of arthritis utilizing a 16S rDNA molecular kit in our clinical laboratory. With the increasing of human contacts with rat as pet, this method would appear suitable to identify fastidious Gram-negative rod involved in arthritis specially when the clinical context is not evocative.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2001

Rat-bite fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis): a potential emerging disease.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative prevalence of human infections attributable to Streptobacillus moniliformis in California over the past 3 decades. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all the data collected was conducted on S. moniliformis cultures identified by the Microbial Diseases Laboratory (MDL) from January 1970 to December 1998. RESULTS: Information on a total of 45 S. moniliformis isolates was analyzed. Overall, 91% of the isolates were from human sources; 58% were received since 1990. These strains were divided almost equally between males and females, with 50% of the isolates from patients 9 years old or younger. In 75% of the cases of human infections where a diagnosis was given, rat-bite fever (RBF) was suspected; 83% of these suspected cases involved either a known rat bite or exposure to rodents. CONCLUSIONS: As crowding becomes an increasing environmental reality, humans are more frequently being exposed to zoonotic diseases as a result of encounters with "wild" animals. Domesticated animals also are exposed more frequently to wild animals; thus, increasing human exposure to once rare zoonotic illnesses. Rat-bite fever is a disease that seems to be easily recognizable by clinicians, easily identified in the clinical laboratory (if suspected), and successfully treated when the appropriate therapy is administered. Physicians should consider RBF as a possible diagnosis when fever, rash, and exposure to rats are part of the patient's history.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis: case report and review.

A 46-year-old man with rat-bite fever due to Streptobacillus moniliformis that was complicated by endocarditis is reported. Other unusual features of this case include septic arthritis with prominent involvement of the sternoclavicular joint and the absence of a rash. Sixteen cases of streptobacillary endocarditis have previously been described. This condition occurs most often in the setting of previously damaged heart valves, usually as a result of rheumatic heart disease. Echocardiography demonstrated valvular vegetations in two of the four cases in which it was performed. Embolic phenomena are rare, and therapy with adequate doses of penicillin is usually curative.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Isolation of presumptive Streptobacillus moniliformis from abscesses associated with the female genital tract.

We report three cases in which Streptobacillus moniliformis was isolated from abscesses. Abscess material in each case contained small, pleomorphic, gram-negative to gram-variable bacilli. Anaerobic blood agar cultures yielded pinpoint colonies adjacent to small gray-white colonies. The pinpoint colonies did not gram stain, and the gray-white colonies varied from gram-variable coccobacilli to long, curly, gram-variable rods. The pinpoint colonies microscopically resembled L-forms on Dienes-stained agar preparation. Subculture to serum-supplemented thioglycolate broth demonstrated "puff ball" colonies. Fatty acid profiles obtained with use of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry showed major peaks for C16:0, C18:2, C18:1, and C18:0 fatty acids, a profile characteristic of S. moniliformis. Results of biochemical testing of each isolate were equivocal. S. moniliformis, bacterial L-forms, and common isolates from genital tract abscesses are discussed.

Abscess↗

PubMed1980

Amnionitis with intact amniotic membranes involving Streptobacillus moniliformis.

A 23-year-old black woman was admitted to the hospital in premature labor with intact amniotic membranes. The patient was afebrile and did not have any obvious signs of infection. Gram stain of the amniotic fluid, obtained via transabdominal amniocentesis, revealed the presence of gram-negative rods. The bacterium was identified as Streptobacillus moniliformis, the agent of rat-bite fever.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Broad range polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of rat-bite fever caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis.

An 11-year-old boy presented with fever, vomiting, rash, limping and blisters on his feet after a finger bite by his domestic rat. Although cultures from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine remained negative, broad range polymerase chain reaction amplification of a part of the 16S rRNA gene followed by sequencing allowed the detection and identification of Streptobacillus moniliformis in blister fluid, thus confirming the suspected clinical diagnosis of rat-bite fever.

Animals↗