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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Genotyping by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis reveals persistence and recurrence of infection with Streptococcus anginosus group organisms.

Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus intermedius, commonly referred to as the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG), are commensal organisms known for their propensity to cause purulent infections which are difficult to eradicate. In this study, we determined the genetic similarities between SAG isolates consecutively recovered from single patients to assess the duration of infection or colonization. A total of 97 SAG isolates recovered from 30 patients were included; 65 (67.0%) of the isolates were abscess related. The isolates were identified by the 16S rRNA reverse line blot hybridization assay as S. anginosus (n = 34), S. constellatus (n = 55), and S. intermedius (n = 8). Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the SAG isolates produced discriminatory and reproducible patterns. Consecutive SAG isolates with identical AFLP types were found in 27 of 30 (90.0%) patients, and consecutive isolates with only a single AFLP type were demonstrated in 21 (70.0%) patients. The median delay between the times of recovery of the first and last isolates of identical AFLP types from each patient was 36 days, and this delay extended for more than 1 year in patients with both colonizing and abscess-related SAG isolates. In six bacteremic patients, paired blood and nonblood SAG isolates showed identical AFLP types.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Molecular analysis of age-related changes of Streptococcus anginosus group and Streptococcus mitis in saliva.

The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence of streptococcal species, especially Streptococcus anginosus (which has been reported to be associated with cancer in the upper digestive tract), Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus intermedius in the saliva of different age groups. A sequence analysis of 16S rDNA was performed and DNA quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The S. anginosus level increased with age, whereas the levels of S. constellatus and S. intermedius did not change. Streptococcus mitis was the predominant species in the saliva of all the age groups but, unlike the S. anginosus, the proportion of S. mitis in the salivary bacteria decreased with age. The increase in S. anginosus with age should be carefully monitored because of its association with diseases, including cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Horizontal transfer of segments of the 16S rRNA genes between species of the Streptococcus anginosus group.

The nature in variation of the 16S rRNA gene of members of the Streptococcus anginosus group was investigated by hybridization and DNA sequencing. A collection of 708 strains was analyzed by reverse line blot hybridization. This revealed the presence of distinct reaction patterns representing 11 different hybridization groups. The 16S rRNA genes of two strains of each hybridization group were sequenced to near-completion, and the sequence data confirmed the reverse line blot hybridization results. Closer inspection of the sequences revealed mosaic-like structures, strongly suggesting horizontal transfer of segments of the 16S rRNA gene between different species belonging to the Streptococcus anginosus group. Southern blot hybridization further showed that within a single strain all copies of the 16S rRNA gene had the same composition, indicating that the apparent mosaic structures were not PCR-induced artifacts. These findings indicate that the highly conserved rRNA genes are also subject to recombination and that these events may be fixed in the population. Such recombination may lead to the construction of incorrect phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA genes.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Streptococcus milleri group (Streptococcus anginosus): recovery from intra-abdominal and soft tissue sites.

One hundred thirty-three Streptococcus milleri group (S. anginosus) isolates were recovered from 487 surgical patients. The streptococci were recovered from 33 percent of intra-abdominal infection cultures (84/257). 22 percent of samples from penetrating visceral trauma (19/86), 52 percent of perirectal abscess specimens (13/25), 13 percent of nonpuerperal breast abscess cultures (8/60), and 15 percent of diabetic foot lesions (9/59). Ninety-eight percent of the S. milleri (131/133) were recovered as companion flora in polymicrobial cultures. The organisms were highly susceptible to the beta-lactam antibiotics. The precise pathogenic role of the S. milleri group (S. anginosus) is unknown. However, intrinsic virulence may be expressed in patients with severe infection or other predisposing factors.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1998

Determination of 23S rRNA sequences from members of the genus Streptococcus and characterization of genetically distinct organisms previously identified as members of the Streptococcus anginosus group.

The 23S rRNA gene sequences of eight type strains of the genus Streptococcus were determined. Three species-specific probes for the three members of the Streptococcus anginosus group and one group-specific probe for these three species were designed. The PCR-amplified 23S rRNA gene sequences of 28 clinical strains were examined by hybridization with the four oligonucleotide probes. They were suspected to be members of the S. anginosus group by biochemical tests; however, only 21 strains (75%) hybridized to one of the three species probes. Seven biochemically atypical strains did not hybridize to these species-specific probes. Of the seven strains, three hybridized to the group-specific probe. The 23S ribosomal RNA sequences of these three strains differed by three bases within the 20-base probe area of S. anginosus. The phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA of these three strains located them within the branch of S. anginosus. The remaining four strains, which did not hybridize to group- or species-specific probes, had a raffinose-positive and VP-negative phenotype. The probe hybridization results showed that these four strains did not belong to the S. anginosus group and were closely related to S. parasanguis according to partial sequences of their 16S rRNA genes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the "Streptococcus milleri' group (Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius).

A collection of 423 clinical "Streptococcus milleri' strains was speciated and tested for susceptibilities to twelve antibiotics. Only 1.4% of the strains were of intermediate susceptibility to penicillin. None of the strains exhibited high-level resistance to gentamicin. Strains resistant to erythromycin, roxithromycin and clindamycin were found with a frequency of 2.6%, 2.4% and 2.4% respectively. Doxycycline resistance was found in 5.7% of the strains and occurred most frequently in Streptococcus anginosus. All the strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The results of this study do not indicate changing antibiotic resistance in strains of the "S. milleri' group, but local differences in antibiotic susceptibilities may occur.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Taxonomic studies of the Streptococcus intermedius strains isolated from human oral cavities].

Human oral isolates of Streptococcus intermedius, which were biochemically identified, have been classified into 5-Serogroups (I-V). Selecting some representive stock cultures together with the type strain ATCC 27335, comparisons were carried out between them in terms of cell extractable proteins, G + C mol% values, DNA-DNA homology and DNA restriction fragments. Since the taxon of S. intermedius has not been clarified, comparison was also made between the above strains and the type strains of the "Streptococcus anginosus-milleri Group", Streptococcus anginosus, "Streptococcus milleri" and Streptococcus constellatus, which were thought to be related to S. intermedius. 1. G + C mol% of S. intermedius ATCC 27335 was 38.0 +/- 0.28. The values of all the isolates tested ranged from 37.0 to 38.8. On the other hand, the values of the type strains of the "S. anginosus-milleri Group" were 38.0-38.8. 2. Under stringent conditions of DNA-DNA hybridization, all the isolates showed more than 66.7% homology with S. intermedius ATCC 27335, demonstrating that these strains belonged to the same species. On the other hand, S. anginosus ATCC 33397, "S. milleri" NCTC 11169 and S. constellatus ATCC 27823 hybridized at levels of 50%, 53% and 28%, respectively. Consequently, it was impossible to classify these strains as being the same species as S. intermedius. 3. When the DNA restriction fragments were compared by PAGE, the strains of Serogroups I and V showed the same pattern, respectively. The strains of Serogroups II and III, however, showed two different patterns, and these of Serogroup IV showed five different patterns. DNA fragments specific to S. intermedius could not be identified. 4. When cell extractable groups were compared by SDS-PAGE, the strains of Serogroups I and V showed identical patterns. The strains of Serogroup III showed 2 different patterns and those of Serogroup IV showed 5 patterns. These results reflected those of the DNA restriction analysis. However, the strains of Serogroup II showed the same protein pattern, although 2 different patterns were observed in DNA restriction fragments. Unique proteins, which were not detected in the proteins extracted from the type strains of the "S. anginosus-milleri Group", were observed in the cell proteins of S. intermedius strains. 5. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and the existence of unique extractable proteins together with the chondroitinase productivity suggest that the strains of S. intermedius might represent a particular taxon among the strains of the "S. anginosus-milleri Group".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of phenotype characteristics of streptococci in the identification of the Streptococcus anginosus (Streptococcus milleri) group].

Microorganisms referred to as Streptococcus anginosus (Streptococcus milleri) group which consist of S. anginosus, S. intermedius and S. constellatus is very difficult to identify to the species level, because of their diversity of biochemical, hemolytic and serological characteristics and because of confusion surrounding their taxonomy. Identification procedures on three isolates from primary sterile sites of three different patients, using API 20A system are described. Streptococcus intermedius was established in two and Streptococcus anginosus in one case. The importance of these organisms as human pathogens should enhance efforts of clinical microbiologist towards their accurate identification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Rapid differentiation between members of the anginosus group and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis within beta-hemolytic group C and G streptococci by PCR.

Based on a pair of primers developed initially for differentiating the anginosus group from other viridans streptococci, the PCR reported here can also differentiate between members of the anginosus group and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis among beta-hemolytic group C and G streptococci. The resulting 742-bp PCR product was specific for members of the anginosus group, although a smaller, nonspecific product (361 bp) was generated from S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Restriction digestion of the amplicon with XbaI and BsmI further differentiated Streptococcus anginosus from Streptococcus constellatus within the anginosus group.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2006

Use of the Phoenix automated system for identification of Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp.

The Phoenix system (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, MD) was evaluated for identification (ID) to the species level of streptococci and enterococci. Two hundred clinical isolates were investigated: beta-hemolytic streptococci (n = 50), Streptococcus pneumoniae organisms (n = 46), viridans group streptococci (n = 31), Enterococcus faecium (n = 36), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 25), and other catalase-negative cocci (n = 12). The API system (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) was used as a comparator. Molecular methods (sequencing of 16S rRNA and zwf and gki genes and ddl gene amplification) were used to investigate discordant results. Upon resolution of discrepancies, correct species ID was achieved by the Phoenix system for 121/129 (93.8%) streptococci and 63/70 (90.0%) enterococci. Excellent results were obtained for S. pneumoniae (45/45) and beta-hemolytic streptococci (49/50). With regard to viridans streptococci, the accuracy of the Phoenix system was 83.9%. Among the latter organisms, the best performance was obtained with isolates of the Streptococcus sanguinis group and Streptococcus anginosus group; problems were instead encountered with the Streptococcus mitis group. Four E. faecium and three E. faecalis isolates were misidentified as Enterococcus casseliflavus/Enterococcus gallinarum or Enterococcus durans. Thus, these isolates were identified only at the genus level. Compared with commercially available systems, the Phoenix system appears a reliable diagnostic tool for identifying clinically relevant streptococci and enterococci. The SMIC/ID-2 panel proved particularly effective for beta-hemolytic streptococci and pneumococci.

Automation↗
PubMed2000

Bacteriology of histopathologically defined appendicitis in children.

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency in childhood. However, the pathogenesis and detailed microbiology are obscure. OBJECTIVE: To determine in detail the bacterial etiology of appendicitis in children in relation to the histologic tissue pathology. STUDY DESIGN: Tissue samples obtained at surgery from 41 children with suspected acute appendicitis were examined histologically and by culture for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The patients were analyzed according to histopathologic and clinical findings. RESULTS: Aerobic and anaerobic species were isolated from 40 of 41 (98%) samples; on average, 14.1 isolates per specimen (10.4 anaerobes and 3.7 aerobes). Specimens from patients with gangrenous appendices yielded significantly higher numbers of anaerobic isolates per specimen than did specimens from patients with healthy appendices (11.7 vs. 7.7; P < 0.01). Bacteria belonging to the Bacteroides fragilis group were the most frequently isolated anaerobic microorganisms (95%). Other organisms frequently isolated in all histology groups were Peptostreptococcus micros (66%), Bilophila wadsworthia (63%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (44%), Eggerthella lenta (44%) and a hitherto undescribed bile-resistant, pigment-producing Gram-negative rod (41%). Of the aerobes Escherichia coli (88%) and Streptococcus anginosus group (former Streptococcus "milleri" group) organisms (61%) were the most frequent findings. CONCLUSIONS: The shift from histologically normal toward gangrenous appendices was clearly associated with markedly elevated anaerobic bacterial counts in terms of species. The unusually high frequencies of B. wadsworthia (75%) and the hitherto undescribed bile-resistant, pigment-producing Gram-negative rod (56%) in gangrenous appendices represent unique and different findings from those reported in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus anginosus ("Streptococcus milleri group") are of different clinical importance and are not equally associated with abscess.

Difficulties in distinguishing organisms of the "Streptococcus milleri group" (SMG; Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus anginosus), have caused ambiguity in determining their pathogenic potential. We reviewed 118 cases in which SMG isolates had been identified using 16S rDNA sequence. S. constellatus and S. anginosus were isolated far more frequently than was S. intermedius. Nearly all isolates of S. intermedius and most isolates of S. constellatus, but only 19% of those of S. anginosus, were associated with abscess. Our findings suggest that speciation of the SMG may guide diagnostic evaluation, give insight into the possible role of coinfecting organisms, and help assess the need to search for occult abscess.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Enzymatic differentiation and biochemical and serological characteristics of the clinical isolates of Streptococcus angiosus, S. intermedius and S. constellatus.

Of the 29 'Streptococcus milleri' strains tested, all thirteen Streptococcus intermedius (DNA homology group 2) strains but none of the thirteen Streptococcus anginosus (group 1) strains produced beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, alpha-N-acetylneuraminidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and hyaluronidase. The three Streptococcus constellatus (group 3) strains produced only the latter two. Glycosidase production divided 274 clinical isolates into 103 S. anginosus, 101 S. intermedius, and 70 S. constellatus strains. Generally, strains of S. anginosus and S. intermedius were non-beta-haemolytic. API II and biotype Ia (lactose positive), but the former contained almost all API III strains and belonged to Lancefield group A/serotype a (A/a), -/b, C/c, -/d, -/e, F/f or G/k, and the latter included most of biotype IId (lactose negative) and serovar -/g, -/h, -/i or -/j. S constellatus strains were beta-, alpha- or gamma-haemolytic, of API I or II but mostly biotype Ib (lactose negative), and of F/- or -/b. S. intermedius was a major member of the oral isolates. Non-oral isolates were virtually all S. anginosus (mainly urogenital isolates) or S. constellatus (the other systemic isolates).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A study of small-colony, beta-haemolytic, Lancefield group C streptococci within the anginosus group: description of Streptococcus constellatus subsp. pharyngis subsp. nov., associated with the human throat and pharyngitis.

beta-Haemolytic, Lancefield group C streptococci within the anginosus-species group were shown by genetic and phenotypic criteria to be heterogeneous and to constitute two distinct taxa related at subspecies level to Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus anginosus, respectively. The first group, referred to here as DNA group 1, comprised six strains with 86-100% intragroup overall genomic DNA relatedness; five of the strains were originally isolated from the human throat and one was from an abdominal mass. They shared 61-77% DNA relatedness (delta Tm values = 1.2-1.5 degrees C) with reference strains of S. constellatus and were clearly differentiated from S. constellatus (now named Streptococcus constellatus subsp. constellatus) by the ability to produce beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-fucosidase, beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucosidase. The name S. constellatus subsp. pharyngis is proposed for these strains on the grounds that they are genetically and phenotypically distinct and exhibit a predeliction for the human throat, being isolated also from cases of pharyngitis. The DNA G + C content is 35-37 mol%. The type strain is MM9889aT (= NCTC 13122T). The second group (DNA group 2) was formed by five beta-haemolytic, Lancefield group C strains originally isolated from various human infections. DNA group 2 strains (81-100% intragroup DNA relatedness) shared 60-72% DNA relatedness (delta Tm values = 2.1-4.1 degrees C) with S. anginosus strains NCTC 10713T and MAS 283 but were not clearly differentiated phenotypically from S. anginosus, showed no clear pattern of clinical association, and therefore are not formally proposed as a new subspecies here.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2005

Culture results of heart valves resected because of streptococcal endocarditis: insights into duration of treatment to achieve valve sterilization.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the culture results of heart valves removed following streptococcal endocarditis in order to gain insight into the duration of treatment required for valve sterilization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 131 episodes of streptococcal endocarditis: 94 due to alpha-haemolytic streptococci; 15 due to beta-haemolytic streptococci; 10 due to nutritionally deficient streptococci; eight due to the Streptococcus anginosus group and four due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Patients had their valves removed during antimicrobial treatment. Culture results were analysed with respect to duration of treatment before surgery. RESULTS: For alpha-haemolytic streptococci, 17 (18%) valves were culture-positive and 77 (82%) culture-negative after a median (range) of 4 (1-20) and 16 (4-58) days of treatment, respectively, P < 0.001. For beta-haemolytic streptococci, two valves (13%) were culture-positive; both patients had received < or = 4 days of treatment. Four patients (40%) with nutritionally deficient streptococci were culture-positive, and had received < or = 8 days of treatment. For the S. anginosus group, two valves (25%) were culture-positive; both patients had received < or = 4 days of treatment before operation. Overall, only one of 131 (0.8%) valves was culture-positive after 14 days of treatment. All valves infected with beta-haemolytic streptococci, nutritionally deficient streptococci and the S. anginosus group, who were treated for more than 8 days before surgery, were culture-negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support current treatment guidelines for endocarditis caused by alpha-haemolytic streptococci. We suggest that the recommended duration of treatment for endocarditis resulting from other streptococci may be excessive and treatment trials evaluating 2 and 4 week regimens are justified.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

First Fatal Case of Adult Meningoencephalitis Caused by Pasteurella canis: An Autopsy Case Report.

Pasteurella canis is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found as a commensal organism in the oral cavity of dogs and cats. Human infections are rare and typically occur following skin breaches, with bacteremia reported less frequently. To date, fatal central nervous system infections in adults caused by P.&#x2009;canis have not been reported. We report the case of a 25-year-old immunocompetent man with no significant medical history. The patient developed otitis a few days after his dog licked his ear. Twenty days later, he died at home following a febrile illness with headaches. An autopsy revealed purulent meningitis. Bacteriological cultures from the ear and subdural empyema isolated P.&#x2009;canis and Streptococcus anginosus group. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fatal adult meningoencephalitis caused by P.&#x2009;canis. The case highlights the pathogen's invasive potential and underscores the importance of prompt evaluation of otitis with neurological involvement.

Humans↗