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Results for “Stress, Physiological”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Perceived stress, physiologic stress arousal, and premenstrual symptoms: group differences and intra-individual patterns.

The purpose of this study was to examine evidence for perceived stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, and autonomic nervous system involvement in premenstrual symptoms. Women with a low severity (LS, n = 40), premenstrual syndrome (PMS, n = 22), and premenstrual magnification symptom patterns (PMM, n = 26) rated perceived stress, turmoil, and fluid retention symptoms for one entire cycle. Daily late afternoon urine samples were assayed for epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. Using multivariate analysis of variance analyses, we found significant group and cycle phase and group by phase interaction effects for perceived stress. There were no group or cycle phase differences in cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Intraindividual analyses using cross-correlation techniques revealed a positive time lagged relationship between perceived stress and norepinephrine and cortisol levels across all groups. Only women with a PMS pattern demonstrated perceived stress leading epinephrine levels. Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels led symptoms for all groups with one exception: there was no cross-correlation between epinephrine and turmoil for the PMS group. Perceived stress led both types of symptoms, regardless of group, and symptoms also led stress. The results provide evidence for a unique relationship between epinephrine, perceived stress, and symptoms for women with PMS, and for a reciprocal relationship between stress and symptoms for each of the groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effect of thyroid hormone supplementation on hemodynamic stability and survival in an endotoxin-induced model of physiologic stress.

Severe physiologic stress is associated with intense changes in the systemic hormonal milieu. Among these changes are suppression of the thyroid hormone axis resulting in decreased levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This study was conducted to determine whether supplemental T3 or T4 improved (1) hemodynamic stability and/or (2) survival following a standardized level of endotoxin (ET)-induced physiologic stress. Forty-eight hours after placement of internal jugular vein and carotid artery cannulas, male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 91) were subjected to ET (15 or 20 mg/kg Salmonella enteritidis ET). Following an ET-induced decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP), the animals received a continuous infusion of normal saline (NS), T3 (0.08, 0.4, or 2.0 micrograms/kg/hr), 0.4 microgram/kg/hr T3 in conjunction with 25 or 50 micrograms/min phenylephrine (PE), 0.4 microgram/kg/hr T3 and 5 micrograms/min dopamine, or 4.0 micrograms/kg/hr T4. There were no statistically significant differences in MAP during a 24-hr monitoring period among treatment groups. At 24 hr, there were no statistically significant differences in survival among animals treated with T3 alone (P > 0.05). Treatment with 4.0 micrograms/kg/hr T4 produced a 24-hr survival of 78% (versus 52% NS controls); however, this was not significant (P > 0.05). Phenylephrine administered in conjunction with T3 yielded a worse survival when compared to controls (0% versus 44%, P < 0.05); however, treatment with dopamine and T3 resulted in no change in survival at 24 hr (25%, P > 0.05). Within the dose ranges studied, T3 alone or in conjunction with dopamine or T4 alone did not improve hemodynamic stability or survival in an ET-induced model of physiologic stress. T3 in conjunction with PE resulted in a significantly worse survival after ET.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress exposure, psychological distress, and physiological stress activation in midlife women with insomnia.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe perceived and polysomnograhic (PSG) sleep patterns and determine whether stress exposure, psychological distress, and physiological stress activation differed among midlife women with psychophysiologic-type (PP-type) or subjective only-type (SO-type) insomnia or no insomnia. METHODS: Women had their sleep monitored, collected urine samples, and completed questionnaires in a week-long field study, and 53 women met criteria for insomnia types or no insomnia based on reported sleep quality and PSG sleep efficiency. RESULTS: As expected, women with PP-type insomnia were found to have the lowest sleep efficiency, took longer to fall asleep, had more wakefulness after sleep onset, and had more fragmented sleep. Perceptions of stress exposure, either for major or minor events, did not differ among groups. Despite there being no differences in perceived stress exposure, women with both types of insomnia scored higher on psychological distress (SCL-90R), especially on the somatization subscale, than women with no insomnia. Of the physiological stress activation indicators tested, a morning-to-evening difference in urinary cortisol statistically differed across the groups (p <.005). Women in the PP-type insomnia group had the highest levels of urinary cortisol in an early morning urine sample. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide support for the hypothesis that, in midlife women, cognitive or emotional arousal with chronic stress neuroendocrine activation underlies chronic insomnia, particularly the PP-type.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1982

Collegiate swimmers: sex differences in self-reports and indices of physiological stress.

Psychological and physiological stress indices were taken from collegiate swimmers of both sexes prior to a practice session and prior to a meet. At another time these same individuals were administered a scale to ascertain their relative self-reported masculinity and femininity. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that 14 males had higher systolic blood pressure than 13 females but lower self-reported feelings of anxiety and hostility associated with the stress of competition. Sex differences in relative masculinity and femininity provided the key to interpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Transcriptional control of the arginine/lysine transporter, cat-1, by physiological stress.

Cells respond to physiological stress by phosphorylating the alpha subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2. This adaptive response inhibits protein synthesis and up-regulates genes essential for cell survival. Cat-1, the transporter for the essential amino acids, arginine and lysine, is one of the up-regulated genes. We previously showed that stress increases cat-1 expression by coordinated stabilization of the mRNA and increased mRNA translation. This induction is triggered by amino acid depletion and the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is caused by unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. We show here that cat-1 gene transcription is also increased by cellular stress. Our studies demonstrate that the cat-1 gene promoter/regulatory region is TATA-less and is located in a region that includes 94 bases of the first exon. Transcription from this promoter is stimulated 8-fold by cellular stress. An amino acid response element within the first exon is shown to be required for the response to amino acid depletion but not to the UPR. The stimulation of transcription by amino acid depletion requires activation of GCN2 kinase, which phosphorylates eIF2alpha. This phosphorylation also induces translation of the cat-1 mRNA, demonstrating that stress-induced transcriptional and translational control of cat-1 are downstream targets of a signaling pathway initiating with eIF2alpha phosphorylation. Our studies show that the increase in cat-1 gene expression by cellular stress involves at least three types of coordinate regulation: regulation of transcription, regulation of mRNA stability, and regulation of mRNA translation.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The effect of an integrated stress management program on the psychologic and physiologic stress reactions of peptic ulcer in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an integrated stress management program on symptoms of stress and ulcer healing in a sample of Koreans at a major medical center in Seoul, Korea. The study employed an experimental design with two treatment groups. One treatment group (n=23) participated in an integrated stress management program that consisted of seven 1h sessions over a 4-week period. A second treatment group (n=24) was only given a tape on progressive muscle relaxation. Data were collected over a 4-month period on 47 subjects. Participants were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups. Symptoms of stress were measured by the symptoms of stress scale (Kogan, Self-regulation on Stress Reaction by Biofeedback, Korean Psychiatric Academic Society, Korea) translated into Korean. Stage of ulcer healing was evaluated by a physician using an endoscope. Physiologic stress reactions were measured by biofeedback equipment. The integrated stress management program treatment group reported significantly lower stress symptom scores than the progressive muscle relaxation-only group (t=3.66, P<0.001). The integrated stress management group also demonstrated a greater improvement in ulcer healing than the progressive muscle relaxation group (t=1.95, P<0.05). The integrated stress management program was more effective in decreasing self-reported stress symptoms and resulted in a more significant ulcer healing than the progressive muscle relaxation treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Blood pressure profile in patients with hyper- and hypotension: effect of physiological stresses].

Responses to physiological stresses, relationship between character and severity of these reactions and parameters of 24-hour blood pressure (BP) profile were studied in patients with arterial hyper- and hypotension. Disturbed regulation of BP in hyper-, and hypotension was associated not only with pronounced spontaneous BP variability but also with hyper- and hypotensive responses of BP to natural and modeled orthostatic, psychoemotional, physical and nutritional stresses. Frequency of hypotensive episodes in patients with hypertension was similar to that of hypertensive episodes in patients with hypotension. The use of stress tests facilitated assessment of BP responses to various loads, determination of clinical value of hemodynamic changes and possibilities of correction of detected disturbances.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1996

Transcription regulation of alpha B-crystallin in astrocytes: analysis of HSF and AP1 activation by different types of physiological stress.

The coordinated cellular responses to physiological stress are known to be effected in part by the activation of heat-shock factor 1, a transcriptional activator protein capable of binding to, and inducing transcription from genes containing heat shock elements. Other stress responsive signal transduction pathways also exist including the stress activated protein kinase cascade that regulates the activity of the transcription factor AP1. We have examined the expression of the low molecular stress proteins, heat shock protein 27 and alpha B-crystallin in astrocytes in response to physiological stress of different types and asked what component of this induction is effected at the transcriptional level and whether activation of heat shock factor 1 and AP1 might account for these events. We have found that stress regulated induction of alpha B-crystallin has a strong transcriptional component and that it may be effected by at least two different transcriptional mechanisms. In one set of phenomena, represented here by cadmium exposure, alpha B-crystallin and heat shock protein 27 are coordinately regulated and this occurs in the presence of activated heat shock factor 1. In the second series of phenomena, represented here by hypertonic stress, alpha B-crystallin is induced in the absence of heat shock factor activation and in the absence of any corresponding change in heat shock protein 27 expression. Although hypertonic stress does activate an AP1-like binding activity, the AP1 consensus binding site in the alpha B-crystallin promoter does not appear to be a target for this hypertonic stress inducible activity. These data suggest that the hypertonic stress response is effected through a heat shock factor independent mechanism and that hypertonic stress regulated induction of alpha B-crystallin does not directly depend on the SAPK pathway and AP1 activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Change in salivary physiological stress markers by spa bathing.

We assessed the stress relief effect of spa bathing by measuring sensitive salivary stress markers, cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA). From 12 healthy males, saliva samples were collected immediately before and after spa bathing, and 30 min after that. Salivary cortisol and CgA levels were determined by ELISA. Salivary cortisol levels decreased after spa bathing. This tendency was more pronounced in individuals with higher levels of stress. The high-stress group showed lower salivary CgA levels after spa bathing, while the low-stress group higher salivary CgA levels in the same condition. These findings suggest that the spa bathing has a moderate affect on the stress relief.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Preoperative stress. Study of the mental behavior and parameters of physiological stress in non-premedicated patients during the preoperative period].

In 29 male patients undergoing arterial bypass operations of the lower limb, psychological and physiological stress parameters were investigated. They received no premedication. We found an increase of heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (BP), plasma cortisol (Cort), free fatty acids (FFA), ventricular ectopic beats (VEB) and supra-ventricular ectopic beats (SVEB) (registered with a 24 hour ECG). The physiological dynamics were different, depending on the results of the psychological tests (MMQ and ESB): Repressor had higher HR and increased significantly more than sensitizer. Depressive patients had higher Cort levels the day before surgery compared to hopeful ones, but remained at these levels, whereas hopeful patients had a significant increase of Cort immediately before operation. They had also higher BP's and HR's. Patients with sthenic affections increased significantly more with FFA levels than asthenic ones. Anxious and asthenic patients had significantly more VEB than non anxious and sthenic ones. These results can well be interpreted in terms of dynamic psychophysiological stress reactions. We propose the use of psychological and physiological stress parameters for investigations of methods for the reduction of preoperative stress.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1993

The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II classification system is a valid marker for physiologic stress in the critically ill patient.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score with resting energy expenditure obtained from indirect calorimetry to determine whether the APACHE II scoring system is an accurate, objective measure of the degree of critical illness and physiologic stress between groups of patients. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital, tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Seventy critically ill patients, consecutively sampled from burn, surgical, and medical intensive care units. INTERVENTIONS: Indirect calorimetric studies were performed on each patient using a metabolic cart. The acute physiologic score component of the APACHE II scoring system was determined at the time of metabolic testing, a mean of 15.9 days after hospital admission. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: True resting energy expenditure was calculated by adjusting the measured energy expenditure for diet-induced thermogenesis and fever. A predicted resting energy expenditure was calculated for each patient using the Harris-Benedict equation alone, and by using the Harris-Benedict value corrected for previously published metabolic activity factors. To eliminate differences in body composition and size, true resting energy expenditure was divided by weight, body surface area, and Harris-Benedict resting energy expenditure. Results showed no significant correlation between APACHE II scores and either the Harris-Benedict resting energy expenditure or the Harris-Benedict value corrected by metabolic activity factors. However, there was a significant (p < or = .001; r2 = .18 to .20) relationship between increasing APACHE II scores and both increasing measured and true resting energy expenditure. The true resting energy expenditure divided by body surface area, kilogram body weight, and Harris-Benedict predicted value, were all shown to be significantly (p < .01) related to APACHE II score, but showed no better degree of correlation (r2 = .12 to .23) than comparison of APACHE II score with measured or true resting energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS: The APACHE II classification may be a valid marker of physiologic stress as demonstrated by its statistically significant (although weak) relationship with indirect calorimetric measures of energy expenditure associated with varying degrees of critical illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The pediatric physiologic stress response: a concept analysis.

Pediatric nurses have had a long-standing interest in stress and its effect on infants and children. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the physiological stress response on the part of nurses. While in the pediatric critical care setting, nurses continually assess the physiologic stability of the critically ill child, as well as the child's responses to a variety of interpersonal interactions, clinical interventions, and treatments. This status is continually challenged by a multitude of stressors which induce subsequent responses by the child. Only through a better understanding of the age-appropriate physiologic stress response can nurses accurately confirm its presence and evaluate its potential consequences. A concept analysis of the pediatric physiological stress response was conducted, primarily using the strategy recommended by Walker and Avant (1988). Accordingly, this analysis included: (1) a literature review; (2) determination of possible uses of the concept; (3) selection of defining attributes; (4) identification of empirical referents; (5) identification of antecedents and consequences; (6) construction of model and alternative cases; and (7) review of implications for nursing research.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of early Miocene catarrhines: evidence of perinatal physiological stress.

Enamel hypoplasia (EH) is a deficiency in enamel thickness due to physiological insults that compromise ameloblast function during the secretory phase of amelogenesis. The prevalence of EH in the deciduous teeth of nonhuman primates is largely unknown. One exception is the recent discovery of EH in the deciduous teeth of extant great apes which exhibit significant differences in prevalence between genera (Lukacs, 1999 a, 2000 a, Am. J. phys. Anthrop.110, 351-363). EH in deciduous teeth of other primates, living and fossil, remain undocumented. This communication describes a "plane form" type of EH known as localized hypoplasia of primary canines (LHPC) (Skinner, 1986 a, Am. J. phys. Anthrop.69, 59-69) in early Miocene catarrhines from Kenya. Specimens were examined macroscopically, with a 10x hand lens and with a variable power (10-30x) binocular microscope. Fédération Dentaire International (FDI)/Defects of Dental Enamel (DDE) standards were employed in recognition and recording of enamel defects (Fédération Dentaire International, 1982, Int. Dent. J.32, 159-167; Clarkson, 1989, Adv. Dental Res.3, 104-109). Size, shape and location of defects were measured and recorded on an outline drawing of the tooth crown. The Kenya National Museum study sample includes six genera of early Miocene catarrhines (n=66 specimens, with n=80 teeth). Seven deciduous teeth were afflicted with EH, yielding an overall prevalence of 8.75%. Two taxa, Kalepithecus (n=1 deciduous canine) and Proconsul (n=3 deciduous canines), were affected with LHPC. Expression of LHPC in fossil catarrhines is consistent with the expression of EH observed in skeletal samples of extant great apes. This report establishes an approximately 17-23 Ma antiquity for EH among early catarrhines and suggests that the neonatal stage of ontogenetic development was sufficiently stressful physiologically to produce disruption in amelogenesis. These physiological stresses impacted neonates of fossil taxa with a wide range of adult body sizes, from large-bodied Proconsul major ( approximately 75 kg) to one of the smaller-bodied catarrhines, Kalepithecus ( approximately 5 kg).

Animals↗