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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Occurrence of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus (Apicomplexa, Haemosporina) in Falconiformes and Strigiformes of Italy.

Blood smears from Falconiformes (91 birds of 10 species) and Strigiformes (23 birds of 5 species) captured in Italy, were examined for haematozoa. Leucocytozoon were found in Falco tinnuculus, Buteo buteo, Circus cyaneus, Circus pygargus, Accipiter nisus from Falconiformes and in Strix aluco, from Strigiformes. Haemoproteus were found in Falco tinnuculus and Strix aluco; this latter species harbored mixed infections Leucocytozoon-Haemoproteus. Prevalences were 20.80% in Falconiformes and 21.74% in Strigiformes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of interspecific DNA content variations and sex identification in Falconiformes and Strigiformes by flow cytometric analysis.

A high interspecific karyotype variability has been evidenced in birds especially in Falconiformes and Strigiformes. Avian cytogenetic analysis, conventionally used for this study, presents several difficulties. We used flow cytometric analysis in order to obtain further information on the DNA patterns of different species of birds belonging to the above-mentioned orders. Our study was performed on blood samples while chicken erythrocytes and human lymphocytes, with known cytometric DNA content, were used as reference cells. The blood samples of the birds under study were stained, simultaneously to the reference cell, with a lysis-staining buffer containing propidium iodide. The nuclear DNA content of the bird samples was calculated as DNA index in relation to reference cells, and was expressed as nuclear DNA mass in picograms (pg) with respect to the standard value of 7.0 pg per human lymphocyte nucleus. The results obtained showed an interspecific variability of DNA content and evidenced the usefulness of FCM analysis as a rapid and easy tool for studying the DNA pattern of different species of birds. Moreover, our results have confirmed and extended the possibility of sex identification in species of birds characterized by sexual monomorphism by evaluating the small DNA content difference which exists between males and females.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Satellite DNA evolution in Tytonidae (Aves: Strigiformes): dynamic repeat landscapes despite conserved karyotypes.

The elevated chromosome numbers observed in Tytonidae relative to the putative ancestral avian karyotype suggest that lineage-specific chromosomal fissions may have played an important role in the evolutionary history of this family. Here, we provide the first cytogenetic characterization of the American barn owl (Tyto furcata) and performs a comparative repeatome analysis across members of the Tytonidae, including other two species, the Western barn owl (Tyto alba), and the Oriental bay owl (Phodilus badius). The karyotype of T. furcata showed a 2n = 92, closely resembling that previously described for T. alba, indicating a high degree of chromosomal conservation within Tytonidae. Although T. furcata and T. alba exhibit similar karyotypic organization, comparative repeatomic analyses revealed differences in their composition, including variation in satellite DNA (satDNA) repertoires and abundance. Eight satDNA families were identified in T. furcata, nine in T. alba, and 28 in P. badius, highlighting the dynamic evolution of repetitive sequences. Several satDNA families were shared between T. furcata and T. alba, whereas some appeared species-specific, supporting the library hypothesis of satDNA evolution. In P. badius, multiple satDNAs exhibited similarity to transposable elements, suggesting that mobile elements contributed to their diversification. Cytogenetic analyses demonstrated centromeric heterochromatin distribution in T. furcata, as well as a large heterochromatic W chromosome enriched in DNA repeats. The localization of satDNAs in centromeric regions and the apparent accumulation of repeats on the W chromosome reinforce the role of repetitive sequences in chromosome organization and sex chromosome differentiation. Together, these findings reveal repeatome diversification despite conserved macrochromosomal structure and provide new insights into genome evolution and chromosomal dynamics in birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Hypopi (Acari:Hypoderatidae) from owls (Aves:Strigiformes:Strigidae).

Hypopi (deutonymphs) of the family Hypoderatidae were found in a barn owl, Tyto alba (Scopoli), and a burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia (Molina), from Texas. A redescription is provided for mature specimens of the hypopus of Tytodectes (Tytodectes) tyto Fain from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of the pelvic region in the barn owl. The hypopus of Tytodectes (Tytodectes) speotyto n. sp. is described from specimens in the subcutaneous adipose tissues of the pelvic region and in the adipose tissues of the intermuscular fasciae of the ankle in the burrowing owl. T. (T.) speotyto appears most similar in size and chaetotaxy to T. (T.) glaucidii Cerný described from the Cuban pygmy owl, Glaucidium siju (d'Orbigny), in Cuba, but differs in the presence of a spine on tibia IV, which also occurs in T. (T.) tyto. Both of the former species have the anterior apodemes of coxae I fused in a simple V and lack a sternum. They differ from T. (T.) tyto which has the anterior apodemes of coxae I fused in a Y and there is a well developed sternum. Based on the above 3 described hypopi, the hypoderatids of owls represent an assemblage of small closely related, but easily differentiated, species. The occurrence of a few specimens of Neottialges evansi Fain in the barn owl and Hypodectes (Hypodectoides) propus (Nitzsch) in the burrowing owl probably represent examples of host capture by hypopi that normally occur in cormorants and pigeons, herons or egrets, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Parasite fauna of Austrian owls (Strigiformes)].

During the examination of 182 owls--Asio otus (51), Strix aluco (44), Bubo bubo (34), Nyctea scandiaca (15), Athene noctua (14), Otus scops (9), Tyto alba (4), Aegolius funereus (3), Glaucidium passerinum (2), Asio flammeus (2), indigenous "owls" (4)--5 protozoan species, 3 trematode species, 1 cestode species, 6 nematode species, 3 acanthocephalan species, 2 acaride species and 7 insect species could be discovered. Dermanyssus hirundinis was proved on the Long-eared Owl and Carnus hemapterus on the Barn Owl for the first time. The infestation frequency of endo- and ectoparasites was from medium to intense on an average, whereas the infestation intensity was from small to medium. The highest rates of infestation were found at nematodes. A case of "pseudoparasitism" was detected and the significance of the analyses of stomach-contents as a guarantee of diagnosis was pointed out.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of haematozoa in birds of prey in Catalonia, north-east Spain.

Blood samples from birds of prey, 95 Strigiformes and 190 Falconiformes, were examined for the presence of haematozoan parasites. The birds had been admitted to a raptor recovery centre in Catalonia, north-east Spain. Parasites were counted in positive smears. A second blood sample was obtained from 99 birds at least seven days after their arrival at the centre. Haematozoa were detected in all seven species of Strigiformes and in nine of 19 species of Falconiformes. The overall prevalences in the two groups were significantly different, 30.5 per cent and 46.3 per cent in the nocturnal and diurnal raptors, respectively. Eleven species of haematozoan parasites were identified. The genus most commonly detected in members of the nocturnal Strigiformes was Leucocytozoon, followed by Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Trypanosoma. In the diurnal Falconiformes only Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus were detected. The highest infection rates were found in Accipiter nisus (sparrow hawks), Accipiter gentilis (goshawks) and Athene noctua (little owls). Relapses were detected in 9 per cent of the birds sampled twice. The highest intensity of infection (6.2 per cent) was observed in a Buteo buteo (buzzard) infected with Haemoproteus.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Nuclear origin of the centrifugal visual pathway in birds of prey.

The isthmo-optic nucleus (NIO) at the origin of the retinopetal pathway was examined in 12 birds of prey (strigiforms and falconiforms) using cytoarchitectonic methods and after the intraocular injection of the regrograde tracers Rhodamine beta-isothiocyanate and Fast blue. The NIO was found to be poorly differentiated and reticular in appearance and depending on the species contained between 900 and 1400 neurons. These values are approximately 10 times less than those recorded in the pigeon and chicken. As in the latter species, the experimental data obtained in the strigiform Tyto alba showed the presence of retinopetal ectopic neurons bilaterally. However the ipsilateral contingent was proportionally larger in the nocturnal raptor. The functional significance of the poorly developed centrifugal visual system in birds of prey is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Some infectious and parasitic diseases in Oklahoma raptors.

Blood films and sera samples from wild Oklahoma raptors (Strigiformes--36 birds, 3 species; Falconiformes--50 birds, 7 species) were examined for hematozoa and tested for serologic antibody response to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), encephalitis (EEE and WEE), ornithosis, and influenza. Twenty-nine of 36 (80.5) Strigiformes and 24 of 50 (48.0%) Falconiformes showed the presence of one or more hematozoa. Serologic testing revealed the serum of one adult male red-tailed hawk positive for antibody to NDV and one additional adult male red-tailed hawk positive for antibody to type-A influenza.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Pineal gland of a nocturnal bird, Indian spotted owlet, Athene brama: morphological and endocrine observations.

It has been reported that owls (Strigiformes) do not have a pineal gland. However, our light microscopy study revealed an intermediate form of tubulofollicular and solid-type large pineal gland in a tropical owlet, Athene brama. The epithelial cells forming follicles (6-8) in the distal region and the solid cluster of parenchymal cells of different diameters in the proximal region anteriorly tapered with a long cylindrical stalk and continued into commissural organs and choroid plexus. The intrapineal localization of perivascular nerve fibers and blood vessels clearly explained the sympathetic innervation as well as vascularization of this neuroendocrine gland. Further, electron microscopy revealed a developed intracellular structure of the pinealocytes with a large number of mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and granular as well as clear vesicles in the process terminals. The evidence of intrapinealocyte lipid droplets and dense bodies and a moderate amount of melatonin in plasma (ranging from 100-365 pg/mL) during different reproductive phases finally proved a defined secretory activity of the gland in this tropical, nocturnal bird.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

A chromosome-level, haplotype-resolved genome assembly for the barn owl, Tyto alba.

Recent advances in long-read sequencing have enabled near telomere-to-telomere (T2T) assemblies across diverse taxa. However, avian genomes remain challenging due to numerous microchromosomes, small, typically < 20Mb, DNA molecules that are gene-, GC-, and repeat-rich. As a consequence, microchromosomes are often missing from genome assemblies. Here, we present a chromosome-level, haplotype-resolved genome assembly for the Western barn owl (Tyto alba). Using a trio-binning strategy with Illumina parental reads combined with PacBio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore Technologies data, we generated two phased contig sets. These were scaffolded into 40 linkage groups using a linkage map. Comparative analyses identified unplaced HiFi scaffolds corresponding to microchromosomes, which we integrated into six additional microchromosomes using long reads information. The two assemblies present 46 chromosomes, matching the karyotype of the species. They exhibit strong synteny between parental haplotypes, except for a &#x223c;38 Mb complex region on chromosome 7 containing nested inversions. This high-quality reference provides a haplotype-resolved and chromosome-level genome for Strigiformes, enabling fine-scale studies of structural variation and avian genome evolution.

Tyto alba↗
PubMed1986

Size and structure of the bird genome--I. DNA content of 48 species of Neognathae.

The nuclear DNA content was evaluated in 48 species of Neognathae birds belonging to 13 orders, namely Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, Columbiformes, Ciconiiformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, Passeriformes, Pelicaniformes, Phoenicopteriformes, Piciformes, Psittaciformes and Strigiformes. The DNA content, expressed in pg/nucleus, ranges from 2.81 to 4.97. The genome size variability within and among families is discussed on the basis of the Hinegardner's (1976) model of genome evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Host specificity of Strigiphilus owl lice (Ischnocera: Philopteridae), with the description of new species and host associations.

Three new species and 11 new host associations are described for the cursitans species group of the genus Strigiphilus, the only genus of Mallophaga confined to owls (Strigiformes). The new species are S. schemskei ex Bubo coromandus, S. garylarsoni ex Otus leucotis, and S. petersoni ex Ninox punctulata. This paper completes a taxonomic review of the cursitans species group and includes an updated host-parasite list. The host specificity of the group is reviewed, including features of the natural history of lice and their hosts that may have influenced the evolution of host-parasite associations. Although most members of the cursitans group are host specific, several cases of secondary transfer among ecologically related hosts are apparent. The significance of such transfers is discussed in light of attempts to employ data on host-parasite associations for host systematics.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Guidelines for the interpretation of laboratory findings in birds and mammals with unknown reference ranges: plasma biochemistry.

The results of analyses of plasma samples from healthy and sick adult birds and mammals of a wide range of species were used to calculate reference ranges and clinical ranges for 11 biochemical variables (calcium, sodium, chloride, total protein, albumin, globulin, inorganic phosphate, potassium, bicarbonate, urea and creatinine concentrations) in six mammalian Orders (Primata, Carnivora, Pinnipedia, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla) and six avian Orders (Ciconiiformes, Gruiformes, Pelecaniformes, Psittaciformes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes). The patterns of variation between Orders for the different biochemical variables were then used to provide guidelines for the interpretation of plasma biochemistry results in the species in these Orders for which there are no reference data. The observed clinical ranges provide an indication of the potential diagnostic value of each variable.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Helminth parasites of northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) from Oregon.

Helminth parasites are reported for the first time from northern spotted owls. Seventy-one percent of a sample of Strix occidentalis caurina from western Oregon was infected. Nematodes (Porrocaecum depressum, Capillaria falconis, Microtetrameres sp. and Synhimantus hamatus) were the most prevalent parasites although cestodes (Paruterina rauschi) and acanthocephalans (Centrorhynchus conspectus) were also represented. There was an association between components of this helminth fauna and the diet of spotted owls which is dominated by small rodents. The occurrence of P. rauschi rather than P. candelabraria in this geographic region and host-species may provide additional support for recognition of a parapatric distribution in the ranges of Paruterina spp. among strigiforms in the Nearctic.

Acanthocephala↗