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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Immunization for kidney worm disease (stephanuriasis) of swine I. Somatic antigens.

Nine somatic antigens derived from the excretory gland cells of adult Stephanurus dentatus were evaluated as vaccines for stephanuriasis of swine. Antigens were mixed v/v with Freund's complete adjuvant and administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Efficacy was evaluated by counting and comparing lesions and worms in the lymph nodes, livers, and kidney regions of principals and controls necropsied after oral challenge with infective S. dentatus larvae or after exposure to pastures naturally contaminated with such larvae. Against oral challenge, 6 vaccines produced statistically significant reductions in worm burdens of principals; 5 were significant at the 1% level and 1 at the 5% level. Two of these vaccines also reduced liver lesions significantly (P less than 0.05). Results of the natural challenge were inconclusive; small worm burdens were found in both principals and controls. None of the vaccines completely prevented migration to the liver or subsequent development and migration of a few worms to the kidney region. However, since worm burdens were reduced by as much as 92%, the vaccines could be useful in combating the disease, especially if combined with other control measures.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The history of avian medicine in the United States. IV. Some milestones in American research of poultry parasites.

Most of the major contributions of Americans to knowledge of poultry parasites have been made in the last 100 years. Factors responsible for this tardiness differed somewhat according to the disease. The first parasitic diseases to receive attention were usually those with distinctive characteristics as well as serious consequences, such as "gapes" and lousiness. Since helminths could usually be readily observed, whereas protozoa could be observed only by persons skilled in microscopy, disorders attributable to the former usually received attention earlier than did protozoan diseases. The control of ectoparasites, before the use of modern insecticides, became vastly simplified as mechanical incubators and brooders replaced the hen, and as the birds were provided with better housing. The major contributions of Americans to our understanding of parasitic diseases of poultry are detailed for five disorders attributable to helminths, and two attributable to protozoa. The latter are histomoniasis of turkeys and coccidiosis of chickens. No attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of contemporary research.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Swine kidney worm disease in Cuba (Stephanurus dentatus Diesing, 1839).

The results of a two-year study on swine stephanuriasis in Cuba indicate the high economic importance of this parasitosis in view of its pattern of local distribution and pathological changes occurring during the endogeneous phase of its life cycle. Under the present conditions of pig breeding in Cuba, it appears to be most economic to base control measures on a strict observance of general zoohygienic rules and on several specific measures suggested in the paper. The administration of expensive drugs is uneconomic because none of them is universally effective in any phase of the life cycle of S. dentatus. It is suggested to direct research work to suitable preventive measures and the choice of drugs to be administered during the most critical period in the spread of infection covering the time from birth to weaning.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of pyrantel tartrate and carbadox on acquisition of the swine kidneyworm (Stephanurus dentatus) and other parasites by pigs on contaminated lots.

A combination of pyrantel tartrate (106 mg/kg of body weight) and carbadox (55 mg/kg of body weight) in ground feed was fed to 20 weaned pigs (av wt, 14.4 kg) for 42 days. Another group of 20 pigs included nontreated controls. The pigs were farrowed and suckled in a slat-floored farrowing house and had minimal exposure to the small intestinal threadworm (Stronglyoides ransomi) until they were placed on severely contaminated dirt lots at the start of the experiment. Five pigs from each of the two groups were necropsied on day 42. Carbadox was withheld from the feed for the 15 remaining treated pigs. All other pigs were necropsied when they attained market weight, 72 to 83 days layer. Treated pigs killed at market weight had 44% fewer (P less than 0.10) kidneyworms (Stephanurus dentatus) than did control pigs. A 17% increase (P less than 0.01) in the weights of livers of control pigs when compared with treated market-weight pigs was associated with an increase of fibrotic hepatic tissue of control pigs. Worm infections were reduced in the treated market-weight pigs: by 96% (P less than 0.05) for the large roundworm (Ascaris suum), 77% (P less than 0.01) for nodular worms (Oesophagostomum spp), and 64% (P less than 0.01) for the intestinal threadworm. There was some evidence for prophylaxis in market-weight pigs (P less than 0.10) against lungworms (Metastrongylus spp), but none against the whipworm (Trichuris suis) or thick stomach worms (Ascarops strongylina and Physocephalus sexalatus). Pigs given the pyrantel tartrate in feed until attaining market weight maintained a feed-to-gain ratio superior (7.1%) to that of nontreated pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The occurrence of gapeworm (Syngamus trachea) in willow grouse.

21.4% of the willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus) examined from a coastal locality in northern Norway were infected with Syngamus trachea. None of the willow grouse examined from an inland locality with colder and longer winters were infected with the parasite. It is suggested that the parasite may influence survival of the grouse population.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Ecology of syngamosis in a large scale farming area].

Within recent 20 years, Czechoslovak agriculture has undergone considerable changes due to the introduction of largescale farming. Our contribution presents the results of studies on chickens (Gallus gallus f. dom.) reared traditionally on runs in an area contaminated with the eggs of Syngamus trachea distributed with pheasant faeces. In addition to postmortem examination of 336 chicken tracheae, their faeces collected for one year from the runs were examined, but syngamosis was not found. Studies on small stocks of fowl in gardens close to the fields visited regularly by roosting, Syngamus-infected pheasants disclosed an occasional incidence of syngamosis in the chickens, none in guinea fowl, but frequent infection in young and adult turkeys. Another observation was made on a chicken stock reared inside a pheasantry. Although the incidence of infection of the pheasants with syngamosis was high throughout most of the year, an occasional infection only of the chickens was observed in three months. Postmortem examination of 254 tracheae of free-living birds disclosed that the incidence of syngamosis was highest in the pheasant. - Due to the introduction of large-scale farming, numerous biotopes formerly covered with trees and shrubs, were changed into arrable land. A considerable reduction occurred in the former high stand of partridges (Perdix perdix), while the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) became widely distributed in agricultural areas. We studied the ecology of the pheasant in various biotopes by means of regular coprological examination without disturbance of the pheasants under consideration. Throughout most of the year the pheasant roosts on trees often growing in moist biotopes. In the morning and evening, the pheasant feeds regularly off the ground close to the roosting trees. From the spring onwards, throughout the summer any autumn, we observed at several sites a marked distribution of pheasants from the trees into the field where they roosted on the ground. The incidence of infection decreased considerably in pheasants, roosting on the ground of dry field biotopes, while in pheasants roosting in moist field biotopes, the incidence of infection increased considerably during the spring and remained at these levels throughout the summer until the autumn. A decrease in the incidence of infection was observed in late autumn. The incidence of infection was low during the winter and the beginning of the spring, but was present in biotopes with trees on which the pheasants from the surrounding areas concentrated. Free-living pheasants in a moist forest surrounded by fields with intensive large-scale cultivation showed a higher incidence of infection with syngamosis than pheasants from a forest pheasantry, in which rearing had to be discontinued for reasons of the death of chicks due to syngamosis. The incidence of infection increases with decreasing altitudes. The partridge (Perdix perdix) suffers less from syngamosis than does the pheasant from the same area...

Agriculture↗
PubMed1977

Efficacy of tetramisole and dichloroxylenol against Syngamus trachea in pheasants and turkeys.

Two water soluble products currently recommended for the treatment of syngamiasis were tested in pheasants and turkeys. Dichloroxylenol (Rotgape; Adams & Moulson), was found to have no efficacy. Although tetramisole (Game Bird Wormer; ICI) administered in drinking water had a moderate efficacy against three- and four-day-old larvae (47 to 71 per cent), its level of efficacy against infections associated with disease, those of seven days and older, was poor (5 to 29 per cent). It is concluded that neither product is likely to be of value in field outbreaks of syngamiasis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Studies on glutamic-oxalacetic (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic (GPT) transaminases of swine kidney worm Stephanurus dentatus (Diesing, 1839). I. Assay and general properties.

Biochemical studies on the two transaminases GOT and GPT of swine kidney worm Stephanurus dentatus have been made. GOT has been found much more active than GPT. Enzyme activities are based on the formation of oxaloacetate (GOT) or pyruvate (GPT) from aspartic acid and alanine respectively with oxoglutarate. A linear relationship is observed between the enzyme concentration and activity. GOT shows a maximum activity at pH 8.0 and Michaelis constant 9 X 10(-3) M for male and 2.9 X 10(-3) M for female. GPT has an optimum pH of 7.5 and a Michaelis constant 19 X 10(-3) M for male and 8 X 10(-3) M for female. The optimum temperature for both GOT and GPT was 60 degrees C.

Alanine Transaminase↗