SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Strongyloidiasis”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1976

A fatal case of strongyloidiasis with Strongyloides larvae in the meninges.

A case of fatal strongyloidiasis associated with pyogenic meningitis in an adult male African is reported. Strongyloides larvae were present in the purulent exudate in the the meninges, an observation not, to the authors knowledge, hitherto reported in man. Fatal strongyloidiasis due to autoinfection has been reported by several authors and De Paula (1962) reviewed the literature in 40 cases and added 10 others which he had studied. In Uganda fatal cases have been reported by Craven et al. (1971) and Poltera (1974). Although in some cases of fatal strongyloidiasis there was associated pyogenic meningitis (BROWN & PERNA, 1958; WILSON & THOMPSON, 1964; BASSAN-TREMINGER & EL-LANSHAR, 1968) we have not found in the literature any case in which Strongyloides stercoralis larvae or adult worms were found in the brain or meninges. We are, therefore, now reporting a case of fatal strongyloidiasis with pyogenic meningitis in which S. stercoralis larvae were present in the subarachnoid space.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Strongyloidiasis influences the elevation of adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigen antibody titer.

We have carried out a seroepidemiological study on the infectious situation of adult T-cell leukemia and strongyloidiasis in Okinawa and in the south-western islands of Japan. The mean titer of adult T-cell leukemia virus-associated antigen (ATLA) antibody of human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) carriers with strongyloidiasis was significantly higher than that of HTLV-1 carriers without strongyloidiasis. This suggests the possibility that strongyloidiasis is also associated with an elevation of the ATLA antibody titer.

Antigens, Viral, Tumor↗

PubMed1992

Strongyloidiasis in North Queensland: re-emergence of a forgotten risk group?

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of strongyloidiasis in northern Queensland, and to identify predisposing factors for this infection. DESIGN: A five-year retrospective study of medical records of all cases diagnosed in a regional hospital microbiology laboratory, with follow-up by interview where possible. SETTING: The Townsville General Hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 14 cases of strongyloidiasis were identified, with patients ranging in age from 7 months to 59 years. RESULTS: Infected patients included nine Aborigines and two Vietnamese refugees, both high-risk groups. Of three Caucasians diagnosed, one was a war veteran, but the other two did not have significant travel histories; all three had lived or worked under insanitary conditions. In only one case was strongyloidiasis suspected; in most, it was diagnosed because of diarrhoea or blood eosinophilia which could not be related to the presenting illness. Thiabendazole treatment was effective in most cases. CONCLUSION: In northern Australia, strongyloidiasis can be acquired locally by Caucasians who live in unhygienic circumstances. It should be suspected in any person with unexplained abdominal pain, diarrhoea, cutaneous symptoms or blood eosinophilia, and the laboratory must be informed of the provisional diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Fatal hyperinfectious strongyloidiasis: report of 3 cases].

The present paper reports three fatal cases of massive strongyloidiasis. Case 1. A 37-year-old woman with a record of arthropathy and corticosteroids treatment, died in shock. The postmortem examination showed massive intestinal strongyloidiasis with larvae dissemination to lungs, liver, spleen and the adipose tissue located around adrenal glands. Case 2. A 12-year-old, malnourished girl died of peritonitis. The autopsy findings were lithiasis and perforation of jejunum, hyperinfectious strongyloidiasis of intestines and lungs, acute and chronic peritonitis. Case 3. A 7-year-old, cachectic girl with corticosteroid therapy, died in cardiorespiratory arrest. The autopsy revealed hyperinfection by S. stercoralis affecting stomach, intestines, lungs, liver and brain. In Venezuela, literature on massive strongyloidiasis is scarce. The present report stresses the importance of considering this syndrome in patients at risk, in endemic areas, like Venezuela, to prevent unnecessary deaths.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunoblot analysis of antibodies in human strongyloidiasis.

An electrophoretic transfer technique was used to investigate qualitatively the production of antibodies to Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in 56 patients with strongyloidiasis. SDS-PAGE analysis of the larval extract revealed the presence of at least 33-39 polypeptide bands under either reducing or non-reducing condition. In the immunoblot analysis, almost all patients showed positive reactivity to the polypeptide bands. The reactivity, however, revealed significant variation among the patients, ranging in number of bands from only one to more than 18. Among the bands, 4 with molecular sizes of 97, 66, 41 and 26 kDa were frequently recognized by the patients' sera, indicating that these antigenic components may form an available antigen for immunological testing for strongyloidiasis. On the other hand, the reactivities were very faint in cases of overwhelming strongyloidiasis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Case report: Antemortem diagnosis of central nervous system strongyloidiasis.

Strongyloidiasis is usually a benign illness confined to the gastrointestinal tract. However, dissemination (hyperinfection syndrome) may occur, particularly in patients with impaired cell-mediated immunity. The diagnosis of hyperinfection syndrome is often made postmortem, and mortality is high, even when the disease is recognized during life. Central nervous system involvement with Strongyloides stercoralis has previously been recognized in only a few cases at postmortem examination, and in one case antemortem. We describe a patient with disseminated strongyloidiasis in whom central nervous system involvement was diagnosed antemortem. This patient developed multiple bacterial and fungal systemic and central nervous system infections as a complication of disseminated strongyloidiasis. The natural history of the disease in man, factors predisposing to dissemination, immunologic aspects of helminthic infection, and treatment modalities are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Seven years of recurrent severe strongyloidiasis in an HTLV-I-infected man who developed adult T-cell leukaemia.

OBJECTIVE: Human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin and Africa, where it has been aetiologically linked to certain chronic myelopathies and adult T-cell leukamia (ATL). We sought to investigate whether strongyloidiasis, a parasitic disease common in these areas, might be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of ATL, as some reports have suggested. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: One 35-year-old HTLV-I-seropositive French West Indian man with a 7-year history of recurrent strongyloidiasis associated with episodic hyperinfestation presenting at the Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Villeneuve St Georges, France. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with various chemotherapeutic agents and symptomatic therapy for hypercalcaemia and antiviral therapy (zidovudine and interferon). RESULTS: The patient developed ATL and died shortly after, despite chemotherapy. Immunological and virological studies performed during the last 15 months of his life showed an increase of the percentage of peripheral ATL cells, and progression from a polyclonal to a monoclonal integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear and lymph-node cells. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent strongyloidiasis appears to have been a possible cofactor associated with progression from healthy carrier state to ATL in our patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Small bowel bacterial overgrowth in strongyloidiasis.

Small bowel bacterial growth was studied in patients with strongyloidiasis, and the results were compared to controls. We concluded that in strongyloidiasis there is small bowel bacterial overgrowth, and so it should be considered in the pathogenesis of some of the gastrointestinal manifestations and complications of strongyloidiasis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Strongyloidiasis in patients with pemphigus foliaceus].

In 30 patients with foliaceus pemphigus the frequency of strongyloidiasis was 40%, by three Baermann-Moraes examination. In the "Hospital do Pênfigo", for patients with pemphigus of Uberaba, the frequencies of strongyloidiasis in the employees (n = 14) and students (n = 47), of the annexed nursery, also were high, respectively 35.7% and 23.4%. In 7(58.3) of 12 samples from the soil of the hospital courtyard were found free-life forms of Strongyloides. The environmental factor and the susceptibility of the patients were associated with the high transmission of the strongyloidiasis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Disseminated strongyloidiasis: report of seven cases.

Disseminated strongyloidiasis with associated infection from various organisms in 7 cases on corticosteroid therapy are reported. Either respiratory or abdominal symptoms or both without other obvious etiological factors are its usual clinical manifestations. The highly motile filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were demonstrated in sputum, gastric content, peritoneal fluid as well as in stool. Associated infection from various organisms were found in 6 cases and it is believed that these contributed to immediate cause of death since disseminated strongyloidiasis had been eradicated before death. Only one case survived. Thiabendazole therapy in conventional dosage is adequate in eradicating disseminated strongyloidiasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Strongyloidiasis in childhood.

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode of man that is still regularly encountered in many parts of the United States. Strongyloidiasis should be considered in any child with unexplained eosinophilia, steatorrhea, protein-losing enteropathy, or chronic diarrhea, especially if associated with weight loss, growth failure, or recurrent upper abdominal pain. This parasite should be ruled out in any patient from an endemic region who is to be treated with corticosteroids of immunosuppressive agents. Microscopical examination of duodenal fluid, Baermann's fecal extraction technique, or the Haradi-Mori stool culture method may be required to make a diagnosis because the organism is not routinely found in concentrated feces even after multiple examinations in some infected individuals. A diagnosis of strongyloidiasis is important because the disease is curable.

Child↗

PubMed1990

Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for mass examination of strongyloidiasis in Okinawa, Japan.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was tested to evaluate whether it could be applicable in screening for mass examination of strongyloidiasis. A total of 2906 inhabitants in three areas (858 in Gushikawa Village, 849 in Nakazato Village and 1199 in Sashiki Town) were screened by the enzymatic assay and approximately 11-30% (11.8% in Gushikawa, 17.0% in Nakazato and 27.7% in Sashiki) were considered to be antibody positive. In the parasitological follow-up examinations of those who were antibody positive, actual infection was found in more than half (51%) the subjects. The overall infection rates estimated from the results reached 5.8% in Gushikawa, 9.1% in Nakazato and 14.0% in Sashiki (mean = 10.4%). The infection rates were significantly higher than those in previous surveys conducted in the same areas. The ELISA technique was found to be useful for strongyloidiasis screening and for seroepidemiological purposes in Okinawa.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Fatal bowel infarction and sepsis: an unusual complication of systemic strongyloidiasis.

A 58 year old Chinese male, one week after arriving in Canada from Hong Kong, presented with acute abdominal pain and diarrhoea which was rapidly followed by Escherichia coli infection causing septicaemia and meningitis. His past history revealed bronchial asthma for 15 years treated with steroids. At laparotomy, 7 days after the onset of symptoms, he was found to have extensive haemorrhagic infarction of the small bowel and right colon. Examination of the fibrosed mesenteric vessels revealed numerous filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, within the walls, and in all layers of bowel wall. The role of the parasite in the production of obliterative arteritis in this fatal case of haemorrhagic enteropathy is discussed. Clinical strongyloidiasis, in uncomplicated cases, varies from mild to severe with gastroenteritis, nausea, colicky abdominal pain, electrolyte imbalance and symptoms of malabsorption syndrome (MARCIAL-ROJAS, 1971). In malnourished individuals and patients with debilitating infections, either newly acquired or asymptomatic latent infection with S. stercoralis can assume severe dimensions (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). Similarly, in patients on steroid (CRUZ et al., 1966; WILLIS and MWOKOLO, 1966; NEEFE et al., 1973) and immunosuppressive therapy for lymphomatous diseases or deficient in immune response (ROGERS and NELSON, 1966; RIVERA et al., 1970), systemic strongyloidiasis is often fatal. The increased frequency of auto-infection in such patients with a breached immune barrier is, however, unclear. Further complications of this infection due to severe enterocolitis result in sepsis, bacteraemia and meningitis (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). This paper presents a fatal case of S. stercoralis infection which illustrates an uncommon if not unique, mechanism in its production of haemorrhagic enteropathy leading to sepsis and death.

Colon↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gelatin particle indirect agglutination test for mass examination for strongyloidiasis.

An indirect agglutination test using recently developed gelatin particles was assessed to determine its applicability as a screening test for mass examination for strongyloidiasis. 1199 individuals in Sashiki Town, Okinawa Island, were screened by the test and 34.7% were determined to be antibody positive. Follow-up examination of the persons whose sera showed positive antibody responses demonstrated the presence of faecal larvae in 41.7%. The calculated infection rate (14.5%) was similar (14.1%) to that indicated by another survey using the micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-ELISA), conducted simultaneously among the inhabitants. The indirect agglutination test was simple to perform in a short time and without specialized equipment. Additionally, the gelatin particles have many advantages as an antigen carrier, e.g. in handling, reading of the resulting pattern, and stable, long-term preservation. The test was considered to be more convenient than the micro-ELISA for mass screening for strongyloidiasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Disseminated strongyloidiasis in a World War II Veteran with metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma of neuroendocrine type.

This case of disseminated strongyloidiasis illustrates the need for a high index of suspicion and effective screening for this pathogen in certain high-risk patient populations before giving immunosuppressive therapy. A complete travel and military history should be obtained. In the United States, persons with a history of military service in endemic areas, emigrants from endemic areas, patients in institutions, and residents of the Southeast should have careful evaluation for strongyloidiasis. Eosinophilia may or may not be present. Stool examinations are not sufficient to rule out the diagnosis. When available, the ELISA screening test for serodiagnosis may be useful. Duodenal aspirates or bronchoalveolar lavage may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical study of albendazole therapy for strongyloidiasis].

We reported the efficacy of albendazole (ABZ) for the treatment of 27 patients with strongyloidiasis. Twenty-seven patients, 23 males and 4 females, received 200 mg of ABZ one hour before breakfast and supper for 3 days and this treatment was repeated 2 weeks later. The following results were obtained: 1) The eradication rate at 2 weeks after the initial treatment was 70.4% (19 of 27 patients) and 2 weeks after the second course was 66.7% (16 of 24 patients). 2) One patients (3.7%) complained of abdominal pain after the first treatment. Four patients (14.8%) complained of headache (n = 2), nausea (n = 1) and exanthema (n = 1) after the second treatment. But all symptoms were mild and required no treatment and subsided in a few days. 3) Positive rate of HTLV-1 antibody was 45.8% in the patients. As described above, side effects occurred in some cases, although they were mild and transient. From these results, it can be concluded that on increased dose of ABZ could be much more favorable for the treatment of strongyloidiasis.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[A case of strongyloidiasis accompanied by duodenal ulcer].

A 58-year-old chronic alcoholism patient, who complained of epigastric discomfort, nausea, and frequent loose stool was diagnosed as strongyloidiasis accompanied by duodenal ulcer. The symptoms first appeared two years ago and aggravated during the recent 3 months, and he lost 4 kg of his body weight. Stool examination revealed rhabditoid nematode larvae, which were confirmed as those of Strongyloides stercoralis after cultivation of them to filariform larvae. At duodenoscopy, duodenal ulcer was found. The patient was treated with albendazole (200 mg, bid, for 14 days) for strongyloidiasis and with colloidal bismuth sulfate (240 mg, bid, for 6 weeks) for duodenal ulcer. After the medication, the symptoms of loose stool and epigastric discomfort were much improved and he was discharged with no clinical problems. This is an interesting case which suggests that S. stercoralis infection could be related with ulceration of the duodenal mucosa.

Albendazole↗

PubMed1992

[Autochthonous strongyloidiasis in the north of France].

The authors discuss four cases of indigenous strongyloidiasis, which were detected in northern France during the past twenty years. In our hemisphere, the limits of this helminthiasis range between the 50th and the 53rd parallels of latitude. In two cases, indoor contamination must be suspected; in the third case, transmission has been facilitated by insalubrity and crowding; the fourth case was related to the activities of a dustman in camping sites. Nose bleedings were noticed in two cases and the haemorrhagic manifestations in strongyloidiasis are mentioned.

Aged↗