[Research on the alkaloids of various species of Strychnos from Brazil. III. The alkaloids of Strychnos tomentosa Benth., Strychnos froesii Duck and Strychnos rubiginosa (D.C.)].
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1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and multivariate analysis techniques were applied for the metabolic profiling of three Strychnos species: Strychnos nux-vomica (seeds, stem bark, root bark), Strychnos ignatii (seeds), and Strychnos icaja (leaves, stem bark, root bark, collar bark). The principal component analysis (PCA) of the 1H NMR spectra showed a clear discrimination between all samples, using the three first components. The key compounds responsible for the discrimination were brucine, loganin, fatty acids, and Strychnos icaja alkaloids such as icajine and sungucine. The method was then applied to the classification of several "false angostura" samples. These samples were, as expected, identified as S. nux-vomica by PCA, but could not be clearly discriminated as root bark or stem bark samples after further statistical analysis.
From the stem bark of Strychnos decussata (Pappe) Gilg (Loganiaceae), four tertiary indole alkaloids have been isolated: bisnordihydrotoxiferine and three new alkaloids. The structures of two of the new alkaloids, 3,14-dihydrodecussine (III) and 10-hydroxy-3,14-dihydrodecussine (IV), have been ascribed on the basis of their spectral data. The muscle-relaxant activity of these new compounds is discussed. Further studies of the alkaloids present in the stem bark of Strychnos dale and Strychnos elaeocarpa revealed the presence of decussine (V) and dihydrodecussine in S. dale and decussine, dihydrodecussine, and bisnordihydrotoxiferine in S. elaeocarpa.
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From the stem bark of Strychnos diplotricha, three Nb,C(21)-secocuran alkaloids, viz., 3-epi-myrtoidine, 11-demethoxy-3-epi-myrtoidine and 11-demethoxy-12-hydroxy-3-epi-myrtoidine, were isolated together with the known myrtoidine and 11-demethoxymyrtoidine. They also occur in different parts of S. myrtoides.
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