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Results for “Subcutaneous Fat”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1989

Familial lipoprotein lipase-activity deficiency: study of total body fatness and subcutaneous fat tissue distribution.

Total body fatness and subcutaneous fat tissue distribution were evaluated in 19 hyperchylomicronemic patients. Eleven were males, aged 10 to 57 years, and eight were females, aged 13 to 46 years. Familial lipoprotein-lipase-activity deficiency was diagnosed by the absence of lipoprotein-lipase activity in the plasma withdrawn ten and 20 minutes after intravenous injection of ten units of heparin per kilogram of body weight. The 19 patients had skin-fold measurements for evaluation of subcutaneous fat distribution. Fifteen also underwent body density measurements by underwater weighing. Percent body fat was calculated from body density. These anthropometric data were plotted against the regression curves of 1638 normal controls of both sexes (aged 10 to 54 years) for fat tissue weight, percent body fat, subcutaneous fat/total fat mass ratio and trunk/extremity skin-fold ratio. Impairments in the process of building fat tissue reserves could not be shown in the 19 hyperchylomicronemic patients, in spite of the absence of lipoprotein-lipase activity in their postheparin plasma. It is hypothesized that normal fat tissue mass in these patients could be due partly to de novo synthesis of fatty acids by adipocytes, hydrolysis of plasma triglycerides by hepatic lipase, and/or contribution of a specific fat-tissue lipase to the catabolism of plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1979

Compressibility of skinfolds and the measurement of subcutaneous fatness.

Compressibility of subcutaneous fat thickness when measured with skinfold calipers was investigated in 65 white American youths. Compression of skinfolds was determined relative to measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness from radiographs at each of seven sites. There is statistically significant heterogeneity among sites in skinfold compression, with skinfolds on the medial and lateral calf being the least compressible of those measured. There is little statistically significant sex difference in skinfold compression in the present sample and, within the range concerned, there were no significant correlations between skinfold compressibility and age. When compressibilities of the seven skinfolds were intercorrelated within individuals, statistically significant average correlations were obtained, indicating that individuals tend toward similar degrees of skinfold compressibility among sites. This communality of skinfold compression within individuals is such that, at least in male youth, there are significant differences among individuals in the average compressibility of the seven skinfolds.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1977

Styrene and related hydrocarbons in subcutaneous fat from polymerization workers.

Subcutaneous fat samples from 25 workers in a styrene polymerization plant have been analyzed for styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene, benzene, and benzaldehyde by gas chromatography. Styrene was found in samples from 13 of 17 workers who had been heavily exposed within the previous 3 days, 5 of 13 having been exposed 2-3 days earlier. Six workers 4-90 days removed from exposure and two 2-3 days removed from low (less than 5 ppm) exposures had no detectable styrene in fat tissue samples. Toluene and ethyl benzene were found in varying amounts in many samples, and benzene was observed in three samples. Benzaldehyde was observed at levels of 5-53 microng/g in all samples. Although urinary metabolites and breath levels of styrene are reported to be detectable for less than 24 hr following exposure, styrene was found in subcutaneous fat from the subjects of this study for as long as 3 days after the most recent occupational exposure. The combination exposures in such a setting are reflected in the variety of hydrocarbons found in fat samples of workers.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1976

Calcium redistribution into subcutaneous fat at parturition in the dairy cow.

Blood samples and subcutaneous fat biopsies from six dairy cows at -14, 0, 14, and 28 days of parturition were analyzed to test the hypothesis that movement of calcium into subcutaneous fat contributes to hypocalcemia of parturient paresis. Plasma and subcutaneous fat calcium decreased while plasma free fatty acids increased at parturition. No trends were significant in magnesium or total lipid content of subcutaneous fat. Calcium content of subcutaneous fat was related positively to calcium concentration in plasma.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1990

CT density of mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous fat in cirrhotic patients: comparison with control subjects.

We determined the density in Hounsfield units of the mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous fat on CT scans made in 41 patients with biopsy-proved cirrhosis and compared the results with the density of the fat in these locations in 34 control subjects, in an attempt to quantify changes in fat density in patients with cirrhosis. The mean densities of mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous fat in patients with cirrhosis were -56, -107, and -111 H, respectively. The corresponding mean densities in control subjects were -107, -118, and -124 H. The mean density of mesenteric fat in patients with cirrhosis was 50% greater than that of their subcutaneous fat (p less than .0001), 48% greater than that of their retroperitoneal fat (p less than .0001), and 48% greater than that of the mesenteric fat in control subjects (p less than .0001). The mean density of subcutaneous fat in the anterior abdominal wall in patients with cirrhosis was -96 H compared with -119 H for that in their posterior abdominal wall. The corresponding mean densities in control subjects were -109 and -131 H. Density of subcutaneous fat in the anterior abdominal wall for all subjects (patients and controls) was 18% greater than that of subcutaneous fat in the posterior abdominal wall (p less than .05). In all locations, the statistical trend was for patients with cirrhosis to have higher density fat than did control subjects. These changes in density are thought to represent diffuse fat edema, most prominently in the mesentery because of portal hypertension.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1979

Association of islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas with subcutaneous fat necrosis.

A 57-year-old man with generalized, subcutaneous fat necrosis was found at autopsy to have islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. The histologic diagnosis of islet cell carcinoma was confirmed by the finding by electron microscopy of characteristic intracytoplasmic granules within pancreatic neoplastic cells. Lipase levels were elevated in serum as well as in tissues in areas of subcutaneous fat necrosis. Enzyme histochemical stains for alkaline and acid phosphatase, leucine, aminopeptidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and indoxyl and nonspecific esterase were positive in the areas of subcutaneous fat necrosis. This is the first report of the association of islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas with generalized subcutaneous fat necrosis.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1992

[Subcutaneous fat distribution in Japanese women. Part 1. Fat thickness of the trunk].

The thickness of subcutaneous fat were measured at 215 different points on the trunk in Japanese young women with using B-mode ultrasonic device. Subjects were 10 healthy Japanese females aged from 20 to 24 years. Average subcutaneous fat thickness over the trunk of 10 subjects was 9.8 mm, and it's standard deviation was 1.5 mm. Subcutaneous fat thickness showed the higher value at the buttock, the breasts and the abdomen and the lower value at the back. The difference of fat distribution between obese subjects and lean subjects was exhibited mainly on the abdominal parts but not on the chest and back parts of the trunk.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1979

Subcutaneous fat necrosis in pancreatitis.

A case of subcutaneous fat necrosis as the initial manifestation of an attack of acute pancreatitis is presented. The accompanying features of respiratory distress syndrome, leukemoid reaction, shock, pleural effusions, and arthritis due to necrosis of periarticular fat are described. Autopsy findings are pancreatic pseudocyst, serofibrinous peritonitis, pleuritis, and pericarditis and fat necrosis not only in the subcutaneous fat but also in the pericardial, pleural, mediastinal, mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and pericalyceal fat.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Use of ultrasound in the measurement of subcutaneous fat and prediction of total body fat in dogs.

An ultrasonographic unit (A-scan mode) has been evaluated as a noninvasive method for estimating body fat in 25 dogs. Six anatomical sites were defined and subcutaneous fat thickness was measured by means of ultrasound and histology. Total body fat was subsequently calculated in 12 dogs. There was a high correlation between histology and ultrasound for the measurement of subcutaneous fat (r = 0.81; P less than 0.001). Total body fat was successfully predicted using measurements taken with ultrasound at the lumbar area (r = 0.87; P less than 0.001). Measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness from other anatomical sites did not estimate body fat with the same accuracy. These results suggest that ultrasound can reliably measure subcutaneous fat in dogs and that these measurements, when taken from the mid lumbar area, can be used to predict total body fat.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1991

[Ultrasonic observation on distribution of subcutaneous fat in Japanese young adults with reference to sexual difference].

Utilizing an ultrasonic device (B-mode, 7.5MHz), the thickness of subcutaneous fat was measured at 54 different points in the bodies of 59 males (aged 20-25) and 66 females (aged 20-23). The results were as follows: 1. The females had significantly thicker subcutaneous fat than those of the males at every point measured. 2. The thick subcutaneous fats were observed at the abdomen, buttocks, and the anterior and medial parts of the thigh in the males, and at the breast, buttocks, abdomen, the posterior, medial, and anterior parts of the thigh, and the anterior, medial, and posterior parts of the upperarm in the females, respectively. 3. The subcutaneous fat of both sexes was more likely to be thicker in body parts closer to the trunk than the extremities. 4. The correlation coefficient between the percent body fat and the mean thickness of subcutaneous fat obtained from data was 0.91 for the males and 0.83 for the females.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1991

Precooling prevents overheating of subcutaneous fat in the use of RF capacitive heating.

The usefulness of precooling subcutaneous tissue in the hyperthermic treatment of deep-seated human tumors with capacitive application of radio-frequency (RF) was investigated. A capacitive hyperthermia unit operated at 8 MHz of radiofrequency was used to heat deep-seated human tumors. The electrode surfaces were covered with flexible vinyl sheets and the space between the electrode and the vinyl sheets perfused with 0.4% saline. The temperature of the saline was controlled by circulating the saline through built-in heat exchangers. The depth of heating was controlled by pairing electrodes of different diameters. When subcutaneous fat was less than 1 cm thick, various deep-seated tumors could be heated to a therapeutic temperature without significant discomfort in the subcutaneous tissue as long as the skin was properly cooled with the cold saline bolus. However, the same cooling method could not prevent the occurrence of pain in subcutaneous tissue in obese patients. The pain usually developed when the temperature of subcutaneous fat 1-2 cm below the skin surface exceeded 42 degrees C. We observed that cooling the human skin surface with 10 degrees C bolus for 20 min could substantially lower the temperature of fat as deep as 2.0-2.5 cm. Therefore, when the subcutaneous tissue was precooled with 10 degrees C saline for 20 min or longer before heating, it was possible to prevent successfully the overheating of subcutaneous fat as thick as 2.0-2.5 cm and to raise the temperature of deep-seated tumors to therapeutic levels.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1975

Subcutaneous fat necrosis associated with pancreatic disease.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis, a type of panniculitis, is a rare entity that is manifested by painless or painful subcutaneous nodules on the legs, buttocks, or trunk and is associated with pancreatitis or carcinoma of the pancreas, either of which may be asymptomatic. The histopathological findings are pathognomonic and consist of subcutaneous focal fat necrosis and "ghost-like" cells with thick, shadowy walls and no nuclei. Arthritis, particularly of the ankles, is a commonly associated finding. Distant foci of fat necrosis in pancreatic disease are probably due to the local action of hematogenous-borne trypsin and lipase. Since the underlying pancreatic disease may be asymptomatic, histopathologic study of all cases of panniculitis should be considered.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1988

Estimation of body fat from ultrasound measures of subcutaneous fat and circumferences in obese women.

Body density and body fat are commonly estimated from measures of subcutaneous adipose tissue taken with skinfold calipers at specific body sites. In obese individuals, factors such as compression and inability to palpate tissues hinder the accurate measurement of skinfolds. Thus, the use of skinfold caliper measurements may yield spurious body density values. Previous research indicated that in obese persons, subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured by ultrasound gave more accurate predictions of body density, determined by hydrostatic weighing, than did caliper measurements. The present study compared ultrasound with circumference readings in estimating the body density of 31 white, obese women. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was measured at six body sites with an ADR model 2130 ultrasound real-time scanner. A calibrated fiberglass tape was used to take circumferences at ten body sites. Body density was computed from hydrostatic weighing using the Goldman/Buskirk formula, and percentage body fat, from the Siri equation. Mean (+/- s.d.) body density was 1.002 (+/- 0.015) g/ml, percentage body fat, 44.0 (+/- 7.5) and body mass index, 32.3 (+/- 4.5). The best prediction of body density, as determined by hydrostatic weighing, was with biceps and mid-thigh sites for ultrasound (r2 = 0.569). The combination of age, wrist, waist and upper thigh sites gave the best prediction for circumferences (r2 = 0.752). For the obese women in this study, circumference measurements provided a better estimation of body density and hence, body fat, than did ultrasound measures. A possible explanation to account for the difference is that circumference measures reflect both internal and subcutaneous adipose tissue, while only subcutaneous adipose tissue is measured with ultrasound.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1977

Technique for sampling subcutaneous fat from the tailhead of sheep.

Previously reported fat biopsy techniques (either omental or subcutaneous) require extensive restraint of the animal, require anesthesia methods, are time-consuming to do, or demand much postoperative care. The biopsy technique reported in the present paper involves the subcutaneous fat located around the tailhead of sheep. With minimal restraint of the sheep and local anesthesia, up to 1 g of subcutaneous fat can be obtained using this surgical procedure. Michel clips facilitate closure of the surgical wound, making this method brief in operative time.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1978

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SFNN) developed in a 1-week-old black boy. His mother had received numerous medications for eclampsia. Birth was by Caesarean section and complicated by meconium aspiration. There were numerous nodules over the back, buttocks and extremities that yielded a caseous-like material. Microscopically, these nodules showed crystallization and necrosis of the fat. Hypoglycemia, pneumonia, oliguria, thrombocytopenia, seizures and urinary infection were associated with the cutaneous problem and led to a fatal outcome 2 weeks after birth.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Regional differences of PCB and PCQ concentrations in the blood and subcutaneous fat tissue of residents of Nagasaki.

In this study, we analyzed PCB and PCQ concentrations in the subcutaneous fat tissue of residents of Nagasaki Prefecture, and compared these levels between the blood and subcutaneous fat tissue of people living in various parts of the prefecture. Seventy-one inhabitants were examined. In the blood, PCB concentrations in Tamanoura and Fukue were significantly higher than those in Nagasaki City. The CB% ratio in Tamanoura was significantly higher than that in Nagasaki and Isahaya. PCQ concentrations were below detection level except in one case. PCB concentrations in fishery areas showed higher levels than urban or agricultural areas. PCB concentration in the subcutaneous fat tissue was 100 times higher than that in the blood. PCQs could be detected in almost all of the subcutaneous tissues, but there was no regional difference in the PCQ concentration.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1978

Studies on subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn.

Biopsy specimens from the skin and subcutaneous fat tissue of four cases with neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis were made and investigated by light and electron microscopy at 2, 4, and 6 weeks, and 5 months (Case 2) from the onset of the disease. Three stages of ultrastructural change of fat cells were observed. The evolution of crystal formation in the fat cells was seen and phagocytosis of crystals and fat droplets by macrophages and foreign-body giant cells was also noted. In the light microscope accumulation of calcium concretions in the spaces between and inside the fat cells was found. In the electron microscope we detected foci of highly electron-dense granules, which were similar in distribution and structure to calcium salts stained with the von Kossa method. Changes in small and medium size blood vessels were observed.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1975

Syndrome and pancreatic disease, subcutaneous fat necrosis and polyserositis. Case report and review of literature.

Immunologic evaluation of a patient with pancreatitis, subcutaneous fat necrosis, pleuritis, pericarditis and synovitis is presented. The previously recognized syndrome of pancreatic disease, subcutaneous fat necrosis and arthritis is reviewed. Based on analysis of all the cases described in the English language literature it is suggested that this syndrome be expanded to include polyserositis rather than arthritis alone. Although experimental and clinical evidence tends to implicate physiocochemical tissue injury by pancreatic lipase as the primary pathogenic mechanism in this syndrome, studies in our patient suggest the possible contribution of immune-mediated injury. Supporting data include eosinophilia, biopsy demonstration of vasculitis antedating the subcutaneous fat necrosis, immunofluorescent identification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3 in the pleura, and reduced levels of total hemolytic complement in the serum, and pleural and pericardial effusions.

Adipose Tissue↗