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Results for “Subdural Space”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

The subdural space interpreted as a cellular layer of meninges.

The subdural region within the cranial meninges is examined in guinea pigs by electron microscopy. The fine structures of the arachnoid membrane and dura are described separately in specimens that have been isolated from each other during removal from the cranial cavity. In addition, the fine structure of the intact dura-arachnoid is described, where the subdural space would be present in an undisrupted state. Lastly, the inner surface of the dura and the outer surface of the arachnoid membrane are examined at the point of separation between the two specimens where the dura is reflected from the arachnoid by experimental dissection. From these observations morphologic criteria are established for identifying the constituents and boundaries of the subdural space and for explaining mechanisms in the histogenetic process of "opening" or enlarging this space. The morphologic identity of the classic subdural space is reinterpreted in light of the findings. The subdural space, traditionally described as a fluid-filled potential cavity existing in an extracellular compartment, is not apparent in the guinea pig. Instead, fragile cells designated as light cells occupy the compartment between the dura and arachnoid, with very little extracellular space available. Experimental opening of the subdural space occurs, significantly, along pathways extending by fracture through the cytoplasm and intercellular separation of these light cells rather than by enlargement of a preexisting mesothelial-lined intercellular space between these cells and the true arachnoid cells. Cytoplasmic fine structure of light cells suggests a close kinship with cells in the meningeal layer of the dura. The functional significance of the light cells and their possible role in subdural hematomas is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

On the question of a subdural space.

The structure of the meninges, with particular attention to the architecture of the inner portions of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, has been reviewed in reference to the probable existence of a "subdural" space. The dura is composed of fibroblasts and large amounts of extracellular collagen. The innermost part of the dura is formed by the dural border cell layer. This layer is characterized by flattened cells with sinuous processes, extracellular spaces containing an amorphous material, and the presence of junctions between its cells. The dural border cell layer is continuous with the inner (meningeal) portions of the dura and may be attached to the underlying arachnoid by an occasional cell junction. The arachnoid consists of an outer part, the arachnoid barrier cell layer, and an inner portion, the arachnoid trabeculae which bridge the subarachnoid space. Arachnoid barrier cells are electron-lucent, closely apposed to each other, and joined by many cell junctions; in this layer there is little extracellular space and essentially no intercellular material. Arachnoid trabecular cells cross the subarachnoid space in a random manner, have extracellular collagen associated with their flattened processes, and form structures of variable shapes and sizes. There is no evidence of an intervening space between the arachnoid barrier cell layer and the dural border cell layer that would correlate with what has been called the subdural space. When a tissue space is created in this general area of the meninges it is the result of tissue damage and represents, in most instances, a cleaving open of the dural border cell layer. In this situation, extracellular spaces in the dural border cell layer are enlarged, cell junctions are separated, and it is probable that cell membranes are damaged. A survey of reports describing the morphology of the inner and outer capsule of so-called subdural hematomas in humans reveals that dural border cells are found in both parts of the capsule. Also, experimental infusion of blood into this portion of the meninges in animals frequently dissects open the dural border cell layer. These data support the view that what has been called a subdural hematoma is most frequently a lesion found within the layer formed by dural border cells. It is suggested that the so-called subdural space is not a "potential" space since the creation of a cleft in this area of the meninges is the result of tissue damage. In this respect it shares no similarities with legitimate potential spaces (i.e., serous cavities) found at other locations in the body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Arachnoid↗

PubMed1977

Injection into the extra-arachnoid subdural space. Experience in the treatment of intractable cervical pain and in the conduct of extradural (epidural) analgesia.

The anatomy and radiological appearances of the subdural space in the cervical region are described. Recognition of this space facilitates neurolytic injections for severe cancer pain in the distribution of the cervical nerve roots. The subdural space may have significance also in explaining the extensive sensory block which follows a delayed or 'massive' lumbar extradural injection.

Analgesics↗

PubMed1979

[Electron microscopic study of the process of the removal of autogenous blood erythocytes beyond the limits of the subdural space].

The internal plate of the dura mater and arachnoidea of the dob brain was studied by electron microscopy after introducing 0.3--0.5 ml of the autogenous blood into the subdural space. The arachnoidea of the excretory channels and structural elements of the internal plate of the dura mater (cells of the internal covering layer, the collagen fibril and microfibril layer, the wall of the blood capillaries of the internal capillary network) involve the morphological substratum of the liquor-blood barrier-I between the liquor and blood of the blood capillaries of the internal capillary network of the dura mater. It was established that red cells of the subdural space penetrate the thickness of the dura mater, where they concentrate around blood capillaries of the internal capillary network, rather than penetrate into the arachnoidea.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Histological reaction to various conductive and dielectric films chronically implanted in the subdural space.

Thirty different test patches of various thin film materials were chronically implanted in the subdural space of cats to determine their suitability as components for proposed neuroprosthetic devices. In particular, materials employed by the microelectronics industry were screened, and reactions were found to be quite dependent on specific formulations or surface preparations of otherwise similar materials. A nonspecific but severe complication of pressure necrosis under thin films that spontaneously roll and curl in vivo was noted.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Primary malignant lymphoma in the dura and subdural space along the superior sagittal sinus. Case report].

A 56-year-old male with a 11-month history of late-onset epilepsy was hospitalized because of status epilepticus. The physical examination and laboratory data were normal. Neurological examination revealed weakness of the right leg. Coronal computed tomography showed a mass of slightly high density in the bilateral parietal convexity, with homogeneous enhancement by contrast medium. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed an en-plaque epidural tumor in the parietal region along the superior sagittal sinus, which was normointense on T1- and T2-weighted images. Conventional and digital subtraction angiography showed an avascular mass between the superior sagittal sinus and the inner table of the skull at the parietal region. The mass was thought to be situated in the parietal epidural space. On surgery, however, the tumor was found to be located mainly in the dura and subdural space. The histological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma of the B cell type. Ga-scintigraphy, physical examination, and bone marrow and peripheral blood examinations disclosed no systemic abnormalities. Therefore, the tumor was interpreted as a primary intracranial malignant lymphoma. Reports of primary intracranial malignant lymphoma have been increasing, but most have been located in the cerebrum. The dural-subdural location in this case is evidently rare.

Angiography↗

PubMed1979

Tension pneumocephalus of the cranial subdural space: a case report.

A case of subdural tension pneumocephalus is presented. Computerized cranial tomography permitted rapid diagnosis including localization of the air, thus facilitating prompt treatment. Tension pneumocephalus should be considered in a patient with a cerebrospinal fluid drainage device who deteriorates after craniotomy.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[Accidental catheterization of the subdural space. Description of 2 cases].

Two cases of accidental subdural catheterisation, occurred in cancer patients during pain treatment, are presented and radiographically confirmed. The possible mechanisms that can cause such malposition, the X-ray picture and the effect of subdurally injected morphine are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Extravasation of contrast medium into the subdural space during cavernous sinus venography: a rare complication.

We recently observed subdural extravasation of contrast medium during transfemoral catheter venography of the cavernous sinus, performed to elucidate the relationship between a parasellar mass and the sinus. The precise mechanism is unknown but a dural tear during manipulation of the guide wire or catheter was thought to be the most likely cause.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed1989

[Accidental catheterization of the subdural space: a complication of continuous spinal anesthesia and continuous peridural anesthesia].

Two cases of subdural catheter placement following continuous spinal and continuous epidural anaesthesia are presented. In the first, despite an easy reflux of clear cerebrospinal fluid through the catheter, the injection of 4 ml bupivacaine 0.5 per cent with epinephrine 1:200,000 followed by 3 ml tetracaine 0.5 per cent showed a failure of spinal anesthesia. In the second, the administration through the catheter of 20 ml lidocaine 2.0 per cent CO2 plus epinephrine 1:200,000 and of ten ml bupivacaine 0.5 per cent lead to an insufficient, patchy and asymmetrical analgesia. The clinical signs observed in these two cases are compared with previous publications. The importance of an x-ray contrast study to confirm the diagnosis of subdural catheter insertion is stressed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

The subdural space: the third place to go astray.

Subdural placement of the tip of the Tuohy needle or epidural catheter may account for many unexpected complications of attempted epidural blockade, for example, 'unexplained' headache, false-negative aspiration test down needle or catheter, false-negative test dose, unilateral block, delayed total spinal and neurological sequelae, as well as profound block of delayed onset that is characteristic of subdural blockade. Cases are reported in support of this hypothesis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied