PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Subject identifiers”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Pulse wave analysis during supine rest may identify subjects with recurrent vasovagal syncope.

In the present study, we studied whether analysis of the FAP (finger arterial pressure) waveform during supine rest discriminates subjects with recurrent VVS (vasovagal syncope) from healthy controls. Signal-averaged FAP waveforms (Finapres) were obtained in 32 head-up tilt-test-positive subjects with recurrent VVS (35 +/- 13 years) and in 32 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. The DT (time delay) between the systolic and diastolic peaks of the FAP waveform was measured and large artery SI (stiffness index) was calculated as a ratio of body height and DT. VVS patients had significantly shorter DT compared with controls (303 +/- 31 compared with 329 +/- 18 ms; P < 0.001) and higher SI (5.79 +/- 0.70 compared with 5.20 +/- 0.36 m/s; P < 0.001). The differences were independent of heart rate and blood pressure. SI > 5.45 m/s identified subjects with syncope with a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 84%. Age-corrected DT (cDT = DT + age-350) identified subjects with syncope with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 84%. Combined use of cDT <0 ms and SI > 5.45 m/s increased sensitivity and specificity to 81% and 96% respectively. The discriminative power of FAP descriptors improved further when younger subjects were excluded. In subjects aged >30 years (median age), the combination of cDT and SI identified subjects with syncope with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100%. These results suggest that FAP descriptors during supine rest might be useful in the diagnosis of VVS in middle-aged subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Tissue characterization identifies subjects with high risk of cardiovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine whether tissue characterization of the carotid artery wall by determining integrated backscatter (IBS) can identify subjects with a recent history of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or atherothrombotic infarction (ATI). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The maximum thickness (Max-IMT) and IBS value (corrected-IBS) of the carotid artery intima-media complex were measured ultrasonographically for 132 type 2 diabetic subjects (62.9+/-8.5 (+/-S.D.) years old, 87 men and 45 women) with or without cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS: The diabetic patients with recent ACS or ATI had a significantly lower corrected-IBS and higher Max-IMT than those with Max-IMT > or = 1.1mm but without cardiovascular diseases. The product of Max-IMT and corrected-IBS (IMT-IBS product) of the patients with recent ACS was significantly lower than that of the patients with chronic stable angina. The multiple logistic model showed that only the IMT-IBS product was associated with a recent history of ACS (odds ratio 0.94, P<0.05) and ATI (odds ratio 0.90, P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic patients who had a recent history of ACS or ATI showed a lower IBS value and higher IMT for their carotid artery. Both the size and tissue characteristics of the carotid plaque may identify subjects with a high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Usefulness of lipids, lipoprotein(a) and fibrinogen measurements in identifying subjects at risk of occlusive complications following vascular and endovascular surgery.

The study was designed to establish the usefulness of measuring lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein [LDL]-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol, total-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio and fibrinogen in identifying subjects at risk of occlusive complications following vascular and endovascular surgery, including primary successful ileofemoral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, infrainguinal and aortic bypass graft and carotid endarterectomy. A total of 68 volunteers subjected to vascular and endovascular surgery were recruited to the study. Six months after successful interventions, no occlusive complications verified by angiography were observed in 45 patients (66%; No-restenosis group), whereas significant restenosis or reocclusion occurred in 23 patients (34%; Restenosis group). Significant lower concentrations of Lp(a) (p=0.032), total cholesterol (p<0.0001), LDL-cholesterol (p=0.001) and total-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (p<0.0001) and higher concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (p=0.048) were observed in the No-restenosis group compared to the Restenosis group. The concentrations of triglycerides (p=0.080) and fibrinogen (p=0.510) did not differ significantly between groups. In multivariate discriminant analysis, the best predictors of restenosis or reocclusion were in decreasing order: LDL-cholesterol, Lp(a), total-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio, HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. A statistical difference of particular interest was observed in the overall distribution of Lp(a) concentrations between groups (p<0.0001), occlusive complications being unlikely to occur in patients with Lp(a) concentrations below 50 mg L(-1). The potential interference from a concurrent acute phase response, the most common source of elevation of Lp(a) in humans, was less likely in view of the absence of differences in erythrocyte sedimentation rate between the No-restenosis and Restenosis groups (p=0.463). In conclusion, the results of the present investigation point to a definite role of the combined measurements LDL-cholesterol, Lp(a), total-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio, HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol in the identification of subjects at risk of occlusive events following vascular and endovascular surgical procedures.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1999

Varying sensitivity of waist action levels to identify subjects with overweight or obesity in 19 populations of the WHO MONICA Project.

It has been suggested in the literature that cut-off points based on waist circumference (waist action levels) should replace cut-off points based on body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio in identifying subjects with overweight or obesity. In this article, we examine the sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off points when applied to 19 populations with widely different prevalences of overweight. Our design was a cross-sectional study based on random population samples. A total of 32,978 subjects aged 25-64 years from 19 male and 18 female populations participating in the second MONICA survey from 1987 to 1992 were included in this study. We found that at waist action level 1 (waist circumference > or =94 cm in men and > or =80 cm in women), sensitivity varied between 40% and 80% in men and between 51% and 86% in women between populations when compared with the cut-off points based on BMI (> or =25 kg/m2) and waist-to-hip ratio (> or =0.95 for men, > or =0.80 for women). Specificity was high (> or =90%) in all populations. At waist action level 2 (waist circumference > or =102 cm and > or =88 cm in men and women, respectively, BMI > or =30 kg/m2), sensitivity varied from 22% to 64% in men and from 26% to 67% in women, whereas specificity was >95% in all populations. Sensitivity was in general lowest in populations in which overweight was relatively uncommon, whereas it was highest in populations with relatively high prevalence of overweight. We propose that cut-off points based on waist circumference as a replacement for cut-off points based on BMI and waist-to-hip ratio should be viewed with caution. Based on the proposed waist action levels, very few people would unnecessarily be advised to have weight management, but a varying proportion of those who would need it might be missed. The optimal screening cut-off points for waist circumference may be population specific.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

Survival of hypertensive subjects identified on screening: results for sustained and unsustained diastolic hypertension.

Casual readings of blood pressure predict mortality and may reflect either the risk of sustained hypertension, additional components of 'white coat' hypertension or variable blood pressure. This study investigated mortality in 442 men and 360 women with a diastolic pressure (Phase IV) of 90 mmHg and over, unsustained on two subsequent monthly visits, followed for an average of 11 years and compared with a matched control cohort with an initial diastolic pressure (DBP) of less than 90 mmHg. Subjects were identified between 1975 and 1979 by screening 28,257 subjects aged 18-65 years on the lists of general practitioners in seven practices in the United Kingdom. Additionally, 912 men and 844 women with sustained hypertension (DBP > 90 mmHg on at least two out of three occasions) were identified and matched with normotensive controls. In men with sustained hypertension the relative risk (RR) for death from circulatory disease was 1.76, P < 0.01, 95% confidence interval 1.21, 2.58 and in women 1.85, P < 0.05, 95% confidence interval 1.06, 3.24 respectively, while in men with unsustained hypertension the RR = 1.52, P = 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.81, 2.84. Few circulatory deaths occurred in women with transient hypertension or their controls (five and seven respectively). Despite the screening programme and further treatment, newly discovered subjects with sustained hypertension, both men and women, remain at high risk of cardiovascular mortality. The 95% confidence interval for men with transient hypertension does not exclude a similar adverse effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Mesenteric fat thickness is an independent determinant of metabolic syndrome and identifies subjects with increased carotid intima-media thickness.

OBJECTIVE: Mesenteric fat, a reflection of visceral adiposity, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this study, we examined the independent relationship between mesenteric fat thickness and metabolic syndrome and defined its optimal cutoff value to identify high-risk subjects for metabolic syndrome and CVD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 290 Chinese subjects had an ultrasound examination for measurements of thickness of mesenteric, preperitoneal, and subcutaneous fat as well as carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Anthropometric measurements and metabolic risk profile were assessed by physical examination and blood taking. RESULTS: Twenty (6.9%) subjects had metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Panel Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with Asian definitions for central obesity (waist circumference >80 cm in women and >90 cm in men). Mesenteric fat thickness had significant correlations (P < 0.05) with various metabolic variables. On multivariate regression, mesenteric fat thickness was an independent determinant of all components of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for age, sex, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and other fat deposits. The odds ratio of metabolic syndrome was increased by 1.35 (95% CI 1.10-1.66)-fold for every 1-mm increase in mesenteric fat thickness. On receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, mesenteric fat thickness of > or =10 mm was the optimal cutoff value to identify metabolic syndrome, with sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 75%. Subjects with mesenteric fat thickness > or =10 mm had higher carotid IMT than those with thickness <10 mm (0.73 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.16 mm, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Mesenteric fat thickness was an independent determinant of metabolic syndrome and identified subjects with increased carotid IMT.

Abdominal Fat↗
PubMed2006

Gene-expression patterns in whole blood identify subjects at risk for recurrent tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with tuberculosis who comply with appropriate treatment are cured. However, approximately 5% subsequently have a repeat disease episode, usually within 2 years of successful combination therapy. Presently, there is no way of predicting which patients will experience a relapse. METHODS: We identified 10 subjects who had previously experienced recurrent tuberculosis and carefully matched them to cured subjects who had had only 1 episode of tuberculosis, to patients with active tuberculosis, and to latently infected healthy subjects. We compared their ex vivo whole-blood gene-expression profiles by use of DNA array technology and confirmed the results by use of quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: The 4 clinical tuberculosis groups exhibited distinct patterns of gene expression. The gene-transcript profiles of the patients with recurrent tuberculosis were more similar to those of the patients with active tuberculosis than to those of the cured or latently infected subjects. Discriminant analysis of a training data set showed that 9 genes were sufficient to classify the subjects. We confirmed that measurement of the expression of these genes by qRT-PCR can accurately discriminate between subjects in a test set of samples. CONCLUSIONS: A simple test based on gene-expression patterns may be used as a biomarker of cure while identifying patients who are at risk for relapse. This would facilitate the introduction of new tuberculosis drugs.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unwed adolescent primigravidas identify subject matter for prenatal classes.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify areas that the unwed 15- to 19-year-old primigravida felt should be included in prenatal classes. The sample consisted of 15 subjects, three from each year of age, 15 through 19. Data were collected by a structured interview. The findings revealed that these adolescents tended to select topics for prenatal classes that were self-oriented, the most important topic identified being the labor and delivery process. However, the other traditional prenatal class topics were not the major concerns of these adolescents. They preferred a group-discussion-oriented class. These findings could be useful for nurses teaching adolescent prenatal classes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Usefulness of homeostasis model assessment for identifying subjects at risk for hypoglycemia failure during the insulin hypoglycemia test.

One of the main problems of the insulin hypoglycemia test (IHT) is the failure to achieve an adequate hypoglycemia (blood glucose, <45 mg/dl) with the standard dose of insulin used. The aim of the study was to identify by means of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) the subjects at risk for hypoglycemia failure during IHT. For this purpose 32 patients in whom an IHT was performed were prospectively included. Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of both insulinemia and HOMA. Eight patients (25%) did not reach adequate hypoglycemia. A serum insulin concentration above 17.7 microIU/ml or a HOMA value above 4.38 identified those subjects who would not reach adequate hypoglycemia with a probability of 75%. By contrast, when the levels of either insulinemia or HOMA were lower than the cut-off points mentioned above, the probability that individuals would reach sufficient hypoglycemia was 89.5%. In conclusion, quantitative estimate of insulin resistance by HOMA is a simple and reliable method that permits identification of individuals at risk of not reaching adequate hypoglycemia during IHT. In these patients, either alternative tests or a higher dose of insulin should be considered.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1995

Screening at a health fair to identify subjects for an oral leukoplakia chemoprevention trial.

Screening examinations were conducted at a Chinese community health fair in Houston, Texas, to identify individuals with oral leukoplakia for a chemoprevention trial of oral-cavity squamous cell carcinoma. All 161 volunteer participants were interviewed regarding age, smoking habits, and betel-nut and alcohol use. The screening included an examination of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and neck. One participant had a 1-mm area of oral leukoplakia on the right lateral surface of the oral tongue. Eighteen participants had other head and neck abnormalities. Only 12 participants (7.5%) were active smokers, and eight (5%) reported a prior history of smoking. One participant reported prior betel-nut use. The mean age was 55 years. The authors conclude that a venue such as this has a low yield for screening and recruitment of high-risk individuals for chemoprevention of oral-cavity squamous cell carcinoma, that generally health-conscious individuals attend health fairs, and that only a small percentage volunteer for oral screening.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Breathing pauses during sleep: can a non-invasive ENT examination help identify subjects at risk in epidemiological settings?

In patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) anatomic and functional upper airway abnormalities are frequent and severe. Invasive methods are used to identify and quantitate the obstruction, to precisely locate its site, etc. as part of pre-treatment or of preoperative evaluations.These methods (lateral skull radiographs, computerized tomography, MRI, fibroscopies, etc) are too expensive and too invasive to be utilized in field surveys. To the classical sleep questionnaires and anthropometric measurements, some simple nose-throat examinations, easily accepted by the volunteers in a population study, could add useful information for the identification of the subjects at risk for sleep-disordered breathing. The present paper is a review of these examinations and of their utility.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

The combination of antibodies to GAD-65 and IA-2ic can replace the islet-cell antibody assay to identify subjects at risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

First-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing diabetes and, until recently, islet cell antibodies (ICA) have represented the major risk marker used for identification of individuals at increased risk for subsequent progression to diabetes. In order to determine the value of antibodies to GAD-65 and IA-2ic to identify individuals at high risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus, we measured both autoantibodies and ICA in 1436 first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes. In addition, the sera were analyzed for thyroid, adrenal and gastric-parietal cell autoantibodies as markers for possible polyendocrine involvement. GAD-65 Abs were found in 135 out of 1436 (9.4%) first-degree relatives and in 57 of 98 (58.2%) ICA-positive subjects. IA-2ic were detected in 52 of 1436 (3.6%) first-degree relatives and in 44 of 98 (44.8%) ICA-positive relatives. IA-2ic and/or GAD-65 were detected in 73 of 98 (74.5%) ICA-positive relatives. Interestingly, antibodies to GAD-65 and/or IA-2ic were present in 91.2% of individuals with more than 20JDF-units. Anti-IA-2ic and GAD-65 were positively correlated with high levels of ICA. Anti-IA-2ic and GAD-65 were found in 19% and 48.5% of subjects with ICA levels of 5-20JDF-u but in 68.8% and 76.5% of individuals with ICA of 40JDF-u or more, respectively (p < 0.001), compared to subjects with ICA levels less than 5 JDF-u. When autoantibody frequencies among the relatives were analyzed according to relationship to the proband, the offspring and siblings had a higher frequency of ICA and IA-2ic (p<0.05) than the subgroup of parents. A significant association was observed between IA-2ic and thyroid antibodies. In addition, higher levels of IA-2ic were found in relatives with positive TPO antibodies (p < 0.001); this correlation was particularly strong in offspring and siblings (p < 0.01). Determination of GAD-65 and IA-2ic antibodies may be considered as an alternative to primary ICA-screening, enabling the screening of large populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Epidemiological surveillance of HIV-seropositive subjects identified in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur in 1996-1997].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess trends in new HIV-positivities identified in the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur area in southern France in 1996 and 1997 and to identify any weaknesses in the screening policy. METHODS: Data were collected from the EVALVIH epidemiological surveillance system initiated in 1995. The data were obtained from both anonymous reports of medical biology laboratories and of prescribing physicians in the area. RESULTS: From January 1996 to December 1997, 825 persons (67% men, 33% women) were found to be HIV-positive. Although the percentage of intravenous drug users (18%) and homo-bisexual individuals (23%) remained high, the proportion of heterosexuals was higher (45%). The number of identified cases of HIV seropositivity fell from 271 in the first semester 1996 to 137 in the second semester 1997, i.e. a 49% decline (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in this trend for age, gender, transmission mode, or geographical origin of the subjects. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the positive impact of the HIV prevention program in the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region and the insufficiencies of the screening policy requiring urgent reconsideration.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed1997

Discriminant analysis of brain imaging data identifies subjects with early Alzheimer's disease.

In vivo functional brain imaging provides an opportunity to quantify and localize functional deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), in relation to dementia severity and heterogeneous cognitive profiles. Such imaging also provides a basis for distinguishing AD from other causes of dementia and for making an early diagnosis of disease. One imaging modality that can elucidate AD is positron emission tomography (PET), which is used to measure regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Resting-state measurements with PET, when related to cognitive profiles in longitudinal studies, indicate that specific cognitive defects are preceded and predicted by reductions in rCMRglc in regions subserving the cognitive functions tested. Metabolic reductions and right/left metabolic asymmetries can be used to convert a "possible" to a "probable" diagnosis of AD by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria. Furthermore, discriminant analyses of PET metabolic patterns can identify patients at risk for AD with mild memory deficits as having probable AD. In the future, stimulation PET studies should augment the power of this discriminant analysis.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Can we rely on mediastinal widening on chest radiography to identify subjects with aortic injury?

Widening of the mediastinum on chest radiography is widely promoted as a useful criterion for detecting aortic injury. We sought to determine the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of this sign. The initial chest radiographs from 30 subjects with aortic injury and 47 controls were independently reviewed by six radiologists, who were blinded to diagnosis. The radiologists were asked to decide whether the mediastinum was normal or not normal, as well as whether the mediastinum was widened. Agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were assessed. Agreement for overall assessment of the mediastinum was substantial (kappa = 0.64). Individual radiologists had sensitivity varying from 0.77 to 0.97 and specificity varying from 0.62 to 0.89. For "widening" of the mediastinum, agreement was moderate (kappa = 0.49). "Widening" was less sensitive than the radiologists' overall impression (P = 0.01), varying from 0.50 to 0.83, but no difference was detected in specificity (P = 0.36), varying from 0.81 to 0.94. Mediastinal width has unacceptable sensitivity for predicting aortic injury, with substantial inter-reader variability. Medical education has ingrained the widely promoted concept of mediastinum widening, which may be misleading.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Community cholesterol screening: medical follow-up in subjects identified with high plasma cholesterol levels.

Population screening or plasma cholesterol is an effective method of detecting hypercholesterolemia; however, follow-up and treatment are essential components of such a program. After a city-wide screening in 1987 of more than 19,872 persons, using a mailed survey with a response rate of 48%, we evaluated subsequent actions of 3,078 individuals with high plasma cholesterol levels. Slightly more than half the population was aware of high blood cholesterol levels prior to the time of screening and apparently used the program for follow-up. Overall, after the screening, 65% consulted a physician within 5 months of screening and blood cholesterol levels were remeasured in 80% of the sample. Procrastination and expense were cited as the primary reasons for failing to consult a physician. If screening is to be effectively utilized as a means of reducing the prevalence of high plasma cholesterol levels, diligent follow-up must be made of all individuals identified to be at increased risk on the basis of their initial values.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Interviews with HIV seropositive subjects identified at the time of blood donation: consequences for pre-donation interviews].

This study is based upon an interview with 31 individuals recently detected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive through the systematic screening of blood donations. The location of the blood donation, the type of blood donor, the risk of HIV infection, were established. Questions dealt with the use of blood donation as a diagnosis test and on the notion of an oral or written self-exclusion before the blood donation. The majority of the individuals had a classical risk factor of HIV infection and had given blood for serological testing. This data can allow an adaptation of the medical interview preceding the blood donation to the present epidemiological context of HIV infection.

Adult↗