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Results for “Subjective Stress”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Meta-analysis of relations of stress propensity with subjective stress and strain.

Meta-analyses were used to examine relations of three factors of stress propensity, i.e., cognitive-affective connectivity, psychological magnification, and anger-irritability, with three stress criteria, i.e., subjective stress, psychological strain, and physiological strain. Each of the stress propensity factors was significantly related to each criterion. Sex was a significant moderator for two of these nine relations (cognitive-affective connectivity with subjective stress and anger-irritability with psychological strain).

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The relationship of attachment insecurity to subjective stress and autonomic function during standardized acute stress in healthy adults.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test predicted relationships between adult attachment and stress using subjective and physiological measures. METHODS: Sixty-seven healthy adults completed measures of adult attachment and perceived chronic stress. Subjective stress and the high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) spectral bandwidths of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured during a standardized stress protocol. RESULTS: Attachment anxiety is associated with between-subject differences in chronic perceived stress (P=.001) and subjective acute stress (P=.01). There is a main effect of attachment avoidance on between-subject differences in HF HRV (P=.004). Attachment avoidance is inversely associated with HF HRV, independent of age and variability in respiration. CONCLUSION: Attachment anxiety is associated with self-reported distress. Attachment avoidance is inversely associated with HF HRV, a marker of vagal influence on cardiac activity, but is not associated with subjective stress.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring stress in the mildly intellectually handicapped: the factorial structure of the Subjective Stress Scale.

The Subjective Stress Scale (SSS) was developed by Bramston and Bostock (1994) to provide a sensitive measure of stress for people with intellectual disabilities. This study examined the underlying structure of the SSS by analysing responses of 221 intellectually disabled people to the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis of the interitem correlation matrix yielded at least three solutions that were quite interpretable: a one-factor, a two-factor, and a four-factor solution. Factors in all three solutions bore a strong resemblance to stress dimensions reported for the general population using other stress measures. The results suggest that although the actual stressors vary, persons with mild intellectual disability are affected by the same major stress dimensions as the general population. The results also suggest that the SSS can be used as a much needed measure of subjective stress levels in people with mild intellectual disabilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Subjective stress and coping in recurrent tension-type headache.

Subjects with tension-type headache and headache-free control subjects completed two mental stressor tasks, solving anagrams and mental arithmetic. During the experimental session, measures of heart rate, muscle tension, and subjective stress ratings were recorded. In addition, all subjects completed a week-long series of questionnaires which monitored headache activity in addition to frequency and intensity of stressful life events. Recurrent tension headache sufferers were found to have higher levels of depression and trait anxiety. Headache and control subjects were not found to respond differently to stressors presented in the laboratory based on measures of EMG, heart rate, or subjective stress ratings, nor were there differences in reports of coping. However, diary questionnaires revealed that headache subjects experienced stressful events more frequently than headache-free controls. Headache subjects also rated these events as causing more stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

"Paradoxical" effects of smoking on subjective stress versus cardiovascular arousal in males and females.

Cigarette smoking has sometimes been found to decrease subjective stress while simultaneously increasing cardiovascular arousal, contrasting effects referred to as the "nicotine paradox." The present study assessed acute effects of cigarette smoking on subjective stress vs. cardiovascular arousal in minimally deprived male and female smokers who smoked (n = 16) or sham smoked (unlit cigarette, n = 15) and a comparison group of male and female nonsmokers (n = 12) who sham smoked only. All subjects participated in two sessions (high- or low-challenge computer task) in which they smoked or sham smoked prior to each of two 20-min task trials. Results showed reduced subjective stress in smoking smokers compared with sham-smoking smokers during the high- but not low-challenge task. However, this stress reduction occurred only immediately after smoking and dissipated midway through each trial. In males, smoking appeared to reduce stress below that of nonsmokers, while smoking in females attenuated stress only partially to the level of nonsmokers. In contrast with the attenuated stress effects, cardiovascular arousal (especially heart rate) was increased immediately after smoking during both tasks and did not appear to be directly related to subjective changes. These findings suggest that the stress-reducing effects of smoking may be transient, situationally specific, partly gender dependent, and dissociated from the effects of smoking on cardiovascular arousal.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Heart rate, blood lactate concentration and subjective stress perception in submaximal running: new nomograms for assessment of endurance capacity].

Considering the protective effect of physical activity against coronary heart disease, the estimation of endurance capacity is not only recommended for sportsmen but is also useful for exercise counselling of unfit persons. Endurance capacity can be estimated with test protocols leading to complete exhaustion, or by submaximal test procedures. Submaximal tests have the advantage of putting less stress on subjects than maximal test protocols; on the other hand, they are less accurate. As a complement to traditional submaximal test protocols based on heart rate analysis, a new submaximal protocol is proposed based on measurements of capillary blood lactate concentration during exercise. Incremental tests of 319 men with wide variation of endurance capacity were used to calculate nomograms of the typical pattern of exercise-induced increase in capillary blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion in relation to endurance capacity. The running velocity eliciting a capillary blood concentration of 4 mmol/l lactate was selected as the parameter for endurance capacity. With the help of these nomograms, the 4 mmol/l-velocity could be estimated with submaximal values of lactate, heart rate or rating of perceived exertion. The appropriateness of the nomograms was checked against the data of 100 independent maximal treadmill tests. Estimation of 4 mmol/l-velocity with submaximal lactate values showed good precision (with a small standard deviation of +/-0.17 m/s); in contrast, the estimation of endurance capacity with submaximal values for heart rate and rating of perceived exertion showed substantially larger standard deviations (approximately +/-0.56 m/s). We conclude that, for estimation of endurance capacity from submaximal running values, the nomogram for blood lactate concentrations can be recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Subjective stress sensitivity and physiological responses to an aversive auditory stimulus in migraine and control subjects.

Subjective stress sensitivity and physiological parameters were compared between 24 migraine subjects and 24 matched headache-free controls during a multifrequency 85-dB (A) aversive auditory stressor and during a recovery period. Measures consisted of frontalis EMG, temporal artery blood volume pulse, heart rate, a stress sensitivity questionnaire, stress reaction during the stress-expectation period, and ratings of noise aversiveness. Migraine subjects showed a higher level of general stress sensitivity, increased situational stress sensitivity, and higher ratings of noise aversiveness; this supports the general notion that migraine sufferers are psychologically more sensitive toward stress stimulation than nonheadache controls. Physiologically, the migraine subjects differed from the control group only with regard to the temporal blood volume pulse during stress stimulation; this finding is consistent with Wolff's weak-link theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Subjective stress in schizophrenic patients.

The relationship of major life events and daily stressors to subjective stress was investigated in outpatients suffering from schizophrenia. Daily stressors or hassles were found to be more predictive of subjective stress than were major life events. These findings were not influenced by whether a cross sectional or prospective analysis was used. The implications for future research on stress and schizophrenia are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Appraisal of subjective stress in individuals with tension-type headache: the influence of baseline measures.

These studies investigated appraisal and coping strategies of tension-type headache sufferers and headache-free controls. In study 1, 60 women engaged in an interpersonal stressor. They completed measures that assessed subjective stress and coping strategies. Headache sufferers reported greater levels of stress at baseline than did controls but were not more reactive to a stressful interpersonal situation. All participants reported greater use of disengagement coping during the interpersonal interaction, while the amount of engagement coping strategies did not differ. Participants (30 women) in Study 2 engaged in progressive muscle relaxation. Headache participants again reported higher levels of subjective stress at baseline, this difference was nearly gone following relaxation. Together, the results suggest that individuals with tension-type headache report higher levels of subjective stress than headache-free controls when they make baseline ratings of stress and that this elevation cannot be attributed to the anticipation of a future stressful event.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Influence of alexithymic characteristics on physiological and subjective stress responses in normal individuals.

Individual differences in response to stress have been linked to the development of stress-related disorders through the presence of a dissociation between physiological and subjective stress responses. It has been suggested that the presence of alexithymic characteristics may constitute a new source of individual response differences and thereby contribute to the development of a stress-related disorder. However, it is also possible that the presence of alexithymic characteristics is simply a new name for a preexisting construct. The present study examined subjective and physiological stress response patterns in normal individuals with high or low presence of alexithymic characteristics, and the relationship between alexithymia and potentially equivalent constructs. The results revealed that the presence of alexithymic characteristics is independent of repression, trait anxiety, and social desirability. As well, high alexithymics appear to manifest high levels of sympathetic activity, and a dissociation between subjective and physiological stress responses. These results are discussed in terms of the potential contribution of alexithymic characteristics to the development of stress-related disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Cancer caregiving and subjective stress: a multi-site, multi-dimensional analysis.

Although research has emerged documenting the psychosocial impact of family care for cancer patients, few efforts capture the multi-dimensional nature of cancer caregiving stress, particularly among socioeconomically diverse samples. Utilizing data collected from cancer caregivers at a non-urban, Southern US site and an inner-city, Northeastern US site (N=233), the present study identified predictors of multiple dimensions of caregivers' subjective stress (i.e. emotional appraisals of care demands). Various indicators representing the sociodemographic context of care, cancer care demands, and psychosocial resources were found to exacerbate or buffer caregivers from feelings of exhaustion, role entrapment, and loss of intimacy with the cancer patient. The multivariate regression model also emphasized the diffuse yet potent role care recipient mood problems and caregiver mastery/optimism have on multiple dimensions of subjective stress. The findings offer a number of recommendations for future research and practice focused on informal cancer care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

The association of subjective stress, urinary catecholamine concentrations and PC game room use and musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs in young male Koreans.

The use of PCs can cause health problems, including musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the upper limbs. This study was performed to investigate whether using PCs in PC game rooms may induce MSDs of the upper limbs. 284 young male Koreans were included. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used to gather information about game room use, perceived subjective stress, and the symptoms related to MSDs. Urinary concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine were measured in spot urine. The symptom prevalence of MSDs of the upper limbs increased according to the increase of the duration of game room use. The intensity of perceived subjective stress showed a significant dose-response relationship with the frequency of MSDs symptoms in neck and shoulder areas. However, the urinary level of catecholamines was not significantly correlated with the symptom prevalence of MSDs in the upper limbs. These findings suggest that using PCs in game rooms produce physical stress on the upper limbs, strong enough to induce MSDs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Correlates of subjective stress among drug court clients.

Psychosocial stress is consistently found to promote initiation, intensification, and relapse in drug abuse. It would, therefore, be desirable to identify characteristics of offenders who are at heightened risk for stress-induced exacerbations of addictive behavior. In this cross-sectional, correlational, interview study, 500 clients of two Kentucky drug courts averaged 30 years of age and were predominantly male, White, employed, high school educated, single, and adjudicated in small- and medium-size cities. Five independent correlates of greater subjective stress emerged in stepwise multiple regression analysis (R2 = .395): use of escape-avoidance coping, positive reappraisal coping (inversely associated), more negative life events, better self-rated health (inversely associated), and access to social support related to work problems (inversely associated). Treatment interventions emphasizing effective coping styles and building of social support as well as managing of negative life events and perceptions of health may serve to lessen subjective stress and its consequences in drug-abusing criminal populations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Subjective stress, job satisfaction, and job performance of hospital nurses.

This research concerns the relationship of subjective stress, job satisfaction, and job performance in hospital nurses. Obtained were self reports from 366 nurses, and performance ratings from 165 supervisors and 139 co-workers nominated by the original respondents. Reported are the results of exploratory path analyses, based on a general model, whereby standardized beta coefficients were used to estimate paths. The findings are that stress and job satisfaction are not directly related, and that stress, primarily acting through depression, is associated with lower levels of job performance. Job satisfaction is unrelated to job performance, and is based on depression and hostility which are affected by stress and personal characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Psychological factors of pain control and their effects on pain evoking subjective stress].

Based upon a multicomponent process model of pain, ways of patients control of pain as well as their pain-related subjective stresses are to be analyzed. In a questionnaire study with 322 patients suffering from persistent pain of degenerative or inflammatory origin, two domains of pain-control (cognitive and concrete modes) and of pain-related stress (emotional and behavioral facets) are identified. The cognitive domain consists of (a) process-related knowledge, (b) planning skills, and (c) cognitive restructuring. Concrete modes are (a) distraction of attention, (b) relaxation, and (c) counter-activities. Within the domain of pain-related stress (a) depression and anxiety, (b) anger and (c) pain behavior prove to be significant. Analyses of interrelations show only small effects for exogenous and illness-related variables. As expected, pain-experience contributes positively to the extent of pain-control and pain-related stress. Negative relations are found between pain-control and pain-related stress. For concrete modes of pain-control conditional effects are identified: Only if cognitive modes are sufficiently high, concrete modes are efficient in reducing pain-related stress. First results from a replication study and from an experimental intervention study indicate, that the model of pain postulated can be supported.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Subjective stress assessment: a new, simple method to determine pilot workload.

Charged with the preparation of an expert opinion concerning psychophysical workload on pilots, the Aviation Psychology Branch of the GAF/IAM studied the "Subjective Stress Assessment" in which 217 Army, Air Force and Navy pilots filled in a standardized questionnaire. This questionnaire included 170 items to force the pilots into rating their on- and off-duty life; the answers of these people (117 jet, 41 multiple-prop, 14 single-engine, and 45 helicopter pilots) were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. It may be said--with all reservations towards subjectivity of pilots' opinions---that the pilots' image certainly requires some corrections, in particular as it relates to the ideal and material assessment of the activities of the separate groups of jet, helicopter, and prop pilots. It was the purpose of the study to show that the evaluation of pilots' workload by means of subjective interviews is a valuable method, aside from the assessment of difficulty of tasks by experts, aside from registration and evaluation of certain physiological parameters, and aside from the application of the Second-Task-Method-Registration.

Aerospace Medicine↗