PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Sugar Acids”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Fluorescence densitometric method for the determination of gluconic and lactobionic acids ("sugar acids") in pharmaceutical preparations.

An in situ fluorimetric method has been developed for the quantitation of gluconic and lactobionic acids and their salts in tablet formulations. The method is based on glycol cleavage with lead tetraacetate followed by treatment with dichlorofluorescein. Calcium gluconate and lactobionate were determined in Calcium-Sandoz and Ca-C 1000 Sandoz effervescent tablets. The reproducibility corresponded to relative standard deviations between 0.7 and 3.5% (usually below 2%). Detection limits of 0.2 mug per spot can be obtained. Interfering compounds such as citric acid, sugars and ascorbic acid can be separated from the "sugar acids". The linearity of the calibration graphs between 0.5 and 5 mug per spot is satisfactory (r = 0.994-0.999). The method is simple and could be applied to the routine analysis of suitable pharmaceutical formulations. Other compounds with glycol structures should also be adaptable to this technique.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1976

Preferences by northern grasshopper mice for solutions of sugars, acids, and salts in Richter-type drinking tests.

Taste preferences, as measured in 48-hour, Richter-type drinking tests (test solution opposite distilled water), were determined for northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster, ssp. breviauritus). The Ss were nine males and nine females which were individually housed within an environmental chamber. The test solutions were prepared from five sugars (fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose) three salts (magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride), and two acids (citric acid and hydrochloric acid). In randomly assigned order, each sugar and each salt solution was presented at five molar concentrations, and each acid was paired with distilled water at six levels of pH. Strong drinking preferences were shown for all concentrations of the sugars above .05-.10 M, and sugars ranked in order of preference as follows: Maltose = sucrose greater than glucose = fructose greater than lactose. Preferences were also shown for hypotonic concentrations of NaCl. The other salts and both acids, however, were indifferently preferred at low concentrations and were rejected at the higher concentrations. Taste preferences by grasshopper mice for these chemicals were similar to those exhibited by Monogolian gerbils tested with the same items. The similar patterns of preference shown by New World cricetid rodents (grasshopper mice) and Old World cricetid rodents (gerbils) suggest that conclusions concerning disparity in taste sensibilities among animal forms may be premature.

Acids↗
PubMed2024

Transcriptional landscape and dynamics involved in sugar and acid accumulation during apple fruit development.

In fleshy fruit, sugars and acids are central components of fruit flavor and quality. To date, the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of sugar and acid during fruit development remain largely unknown. Here, we combined ATAC-seq with RNA-seq to investigate the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and to identify putative transcription factors related to sugar and acid accumulation during apple (Malus domestica) fruit development. By integrating the differentially accessible regions and differentially expressed genes, we generated a global data set of promoter-accessibility and expression-increased genes. Using this strategy, we constructed a transcriptional regulatory network enabling screening for key transcription factors and target genes involved in sugar and acid accumulation. Among these transcription factors, 5 fruit-specific DNA binding with one finger genes were selected to confirm their regulatory effects, and our results showed that they could affect sugar or acid concentration by regulating the expression of sugar or acid metabolism-related genes in apple fruits. Our transcriptional regulatory network provides a suitable platform to identify candidate genes that control sugar and acid accumulation. Meanwhile, our data set will aid in analyzing other characteristics of apple fruit that have not been illuminated previously. Overall, these findings support a better understanding of the regulatory dynamics during apple fruit development and lay a foundation for quality improvement of apple.

Malus↗
PubMed1992

Chemical composition of Litomosoides carinii microfilarial sheaths.

Litomosoides carinii microfilariae were exsheathed by freezing and thawing, and the sheaths were separated by filtration. Samples of pure sheaths thus obtained were hydrolyzed, methanolyzed or oxidized with nitric acid under pressure at 300 degrees C, respectively, and were analyzed for amino acids, sugars, fatty acids or for metal ions and phosphorus. Almost 75% of the sheath dry weight could thus be accounted for. Amino acids (55 weight %) were the major constituents, and amongst these glutamine and proline (approximately 11% each). The detection of 2% cysteine/cystine indicated the possible presence of disulfide crosslinks. Besides amino acids, approximately 8% of sugars--roughly equimolar amounts of (N-acetyl)galactosamine and uronic acids--1.5% of monovalent cations (Na+ and K+) and 9.5% of phosphate were detected. No appreciable amounts of fatty acids, neutral sugars, neuraminic acid, or (N-acetyl)glucosamine (i.e. no chitin) were found.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Developmental aspects of maleic acid-induced inhibition of sugar and amino acid transport in the rat renal tubule.

The transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and alpha-methyl-d-glucoside by isolated tubules from Sprague-Dawley rats at different stages of development follows a separate age-dependent pattern for each substrate. The effects of 6 M maleic acid on transport processes differ for amino acids and sugars and become manifest at distinct points during development. Maximum inhibition by maleic acid occurs at a time subsequent to maturity of these transport systems. In an effort to explain these transport phenomena, the uptake and metabolism of 14C-labeled maleic acid by the newborn or adult renal tubule was studied, showing significant binding by the tubule membrane, penetration of the cell by diffusion, and no conversion to 14CO2. Maleic acid has no demonstrable effect on the membrane-associated enzymes which are thought to play a role in the transport of small molecules.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

High-performance liquid chromatographic investigation of the amino acid, amino sugar and neutral sugar content in glycoproteins.

A methods for the simultaneous separation and determination of amino acids, amino sugars and neutral carbohydrates is described. Stepwise elution systems with sodium citrate and borate buffers have developed for the ion-exchange liquid chromatographic separation of amino acids and sugars, using 8-micrometer particle size resins and the Stein and Moore and orcinol colorimetric method for detection. With the aid of this system, the direct quantitative comparison of sugars and amino acids by liquid chromatography becomes possible for the first time.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Effects of Mn-deficit feeding to ewes on certain amino acids and sugars in cartilage of their newborn lambs.

The distribution of amino acid, amino sugar, and uronic acid in the epiphyseal cartilage of newborn lambs were examined to determine the influence of manganese (Mn) deficiency. Throughout the gestational period, one group (group I) of eight pregnant ewes was given a ration containing 60 mg of Mn/kg of feed and a second group (group II) of eight ewes was given a ration containing 5 mg of Mn/kg of feed. The neonatal lambs were killed, and the epiphyseal plates from various bones in the thoracic limb were removed and analyzed for glucosamine, galactosamine, uronic acid, and 17 amino acids. Concentrations of uronic acid and of the sulphur amino acids (methionine not significant, P greater than 0.05) were larger in the cartilage from the lambs born of group I ewes (60 mg of Mn/kg of ration) than in the cartilage from those of the Group II ewes (Mn deficiency). A tendency for higher hexosamine values was observed in the organic matrix of the group I lambs than of the group II lambs. However, concentrations of serine, histidine, and lysine were higher in the cartilage from group II lambs (Mn deficiency). Thus, the role of Mn in the prevention of joint abnormalities may be its influence on the mucopolysaccharide and protein composition of the epiphyseal plate.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

Synthesis of sialic acid-containing nucleotide sugars: CMP-sialic acid analogs.

Syntheses of some sialic acid-containing nucleotide sugars are reported. The reaction of methyl[(2-hydroxy)ethyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto -2- nonulopyranosid]onate (4) with various fully protected hydrogen phosphonates of nucleotides (5a-c) in the presence of 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (TPS-Cl), gave, after oxidation and deprotection, the corresponding sialic acid-containing nucleotide sugar analogs (8a-c).

Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid↗
PubMed1977

Hereditary deafness in the cat. Free amino acid and sugar content in the perilymph.

The free amino acid and sugar content of cat perilymph was studied from 11 normal and 17 deaf ears, and compared with simultaneous estimations from cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Each fluid has a distinctive amino acid composition, whilst glucose was the only saccharide demonstrable. The functional status of the cochlea did not influence the biochemical parameters studied.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid method for the simultaneous GC quantitation of acids and sugars in fruits and vegetables.

Rapid methods of analysis for the simultaneous determination of acids and sugars in fruits and vegetables using trimethylsilylation and gas chromatography are reported. The methods have been shown to be generally applicable, rapid, simple and cheap. Typical applications are shown involving the determination of a range of organic acids and sugars in carrot, potato, cucumber, tomato, apple, pear, grape, strawberry and citrus fruits.

Acids↗
PubMed1978

The sugar chain structures of ABO blood group active glycoproteins obtained from human erythrocyte membrane.

The glycoproteins of human erythrocyte membrane have two groups of sugar chains with blood type ABH determinants, which are quite distinct in their molecular sizes. A neutral sugar chain and an acidic sugar chain, which belong to the small size group, were isolated from the glycoproteins obtained from the erythrocyte of blood type O individuals, and their structures were elucidated as Fucalpha1 leads to 2Galbeta1 leads to 3N-acetylgalactosaminitol and Fucalpha1 leads to 2Galbeta1 leads to 3(AcNeualpha2 leads to 6)N-acetylgalactosaminitol, respectively. The molecular weight of the large sugar chains with ABH determinants were estimated to be more than 4000. Both large and small neutral sugar chains of membrane glycoproteins obtained from blood type O erythrocyte could serve as acceptors of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases purified from milk of blood type A1 and A2 individuals, producing the same radioactive sugar chain distribution patterns. However, the acidic sugar chain with the H determinant could not serve as an acceptor of these enzymes.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

Active amino-acid and sugar uptake by gall bladder epithelium in dog, guinea-pig and man.

Slices of dog gall bladder are capable of accumulating amino-acids and sugars against considerable concentration gradients across the luminal membrane of the cell. The epithelium of the common bile duct also absorbs these substrates. The transport systems are sodium-dependent, saturable and inhibited by ouabain and metabolic poisons. The specificity of the mechanisms is more reminiscent of kidney than of intestinal transport. Glycine is preferentially transported across dog gall bladder from the mucosa to the serosa, but the net flux is small. It is concluded that the contraluminal membrane of the epithelial cell might be relatively impermeable to the amino-acid. concentrative uptake also occurs in guinea-pig gall bladder; however it appears to be practically non-existent in rabbit tissue. Human gall bladders, obtained at random from the operating room, also displayed active accumulation. The gall bladder epithelium is remarkably resistant to anoxia. Furthermore, following obstruction of the common bile duct for 2 weeks in dogs, the gall bladder is still able to concentrate amino-acids and sugars, but the extent of the uptake is significantly reduced.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

The prosthetic group of citrate-lyase acyl-carrier protein.

The acyl carrier protein of citrate lyase contains adenine, phosphate, sugar, cysteamine, beta-alanine and pantoic acid in a molar ratio of 1:2:2:1:1:1. Peptides containing these components in the same stoichiometric relationship were isolated after proteolytic digestion of acyl carrier protein. All components were linked together in a single prosthetic group. This was released from the peptide by mild alkaline hydrolysis. Under these conditions a phosphodiester bond is cleaved which links the prosthetic group to a serine residue of the peptide. Incubation of the prosthetic-group-containing peptide with phosphodiesterase I yielded 4'-phosphopantetheine and adenylic acid. The 5'-AMP was not free but was substituted by presumably an acidic sugar residue, which was released by mild acid hydrolysis yielding free 5'-AMP. It was concluded from these results that the prosthetic group of citrate lyase acyl carrier protein consists of a substituted isomeric dephospho-CoA. This is bound to the protein by the 5'-phosphate group of adenylic acid. The 4'-phosphopantetheine residue is bound by a phosphodiester linkage to the 2' or 3' position of ribose and the remaining hydroxyl group of ribose is substituted with presumably an acidic sugar residue. The structural similarities of this prothetic group and coenzyme A are discussed and related to the catalytic properties of citrate lyase.

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase↗
PubMed1992

Determination of amino sugars and amino acids in glycoconjugates using precolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde.

This report examines the RP-HPLC separation of o-phthalaldehyde derivatives of amino acids, amino sugars, and amino sugar alcohols using either 2-mercaptoethanol or 3-mercaptopropionic acid. A method with pmol sensitivity for the analysis of N-acetylamino sugars of glycoconjugates was elaborated. Upon hydrolysis, amino sugars are reduced with borohydride. Automated precolumn derivatization and chromatographic conditions for the resulting hexosaminitols are the same as those used for the analysis of amino acids. The method has been tested with as little as 2 micrograms of bovine fetuin, with a glycopeptide from bromelain and with an oligosaccharide after periodate oxidation.

Amino Acids↗