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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Cutaneous heat loss with three surgical drapes, one impervious to moisture.

A new surgical drape that is impervious to moisture presumably reduces evaporative heat loss. We compared cutaneous heat loss and skin temperature in volunteers covered with this drape to two conventional surgical drapes (Large Surgical Drape and Medline Proxima). We calculated cutaneous heat loss and skin-surface temperatures from 15 area-weighted thermal flux transducers in eight volunteers. In random order, each of the drapes was evaluated with dry transducers and moistened transducers (simulating wet skin). After a 20-min uncovered control period, volunteers were covered from the neck down for 40 min. Data were recorded continuously and averaged over 10 min. Results were similar for all three drapes for dry or moist conditions. Under dry conditions, baseline heat loss was 82 +/- 14 W and decreased 30% with a surgical drape (P < 0.001). Under moist conditions, baseline heat loss was 231 +/- 45 W and decreased 29% with a drape covering (P < 0.001). Moist skin increased heat loss 282% (P < 0.001). There were no clinically important differences in skin temperature among the covers with dry or moist skin. Moist skin increased heat loss nearly three-fold, but there were no differences among the drapes. We conclude that loss is comparable with impervious and conventional drapes with either moist or dry skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Surgical drape support.

This modified surgical drape support is affixed to the patient's nose and face with self-adhesive pads or sterile surgical tape. The disposable support is flexible and keeps the surgical drape away from the nasal and oral passageways, facilitating observation of the patient by operating room personnel and relieving the patient's anxiety and the breathing problems that often occur during ophthalmic procedures.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

A new surgical drape support.

A lightweight, malleable surgical drape support attaches to the patient's forehead by sterile tape strips and rests comfortably over the patient's nose. It keeps the surgical drape from occluding the nasal and oral airway of the patient, allowing for comfort as well as observation during an ophthalmic surgical procedure performed under local anesthesia. It is sterilizeable and compact and thus does not impede the surgeon or assistant during microsurgical procedures.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed2000

The passage of bacteria through surgical drapes.

The passage of bacteria through surgical drapes is a potential cause of wound infection. Previous studies have shown that liquids and human albumin penetrate certain types of drapes. We studied the passage of bacteria through seven different types of surgical drape and an operating tray. Bacteria easily penetrated all the woven re-usable fabrics within 30 min. The disposable non-woven drapes proved to be impermeable, as did the operating tray. We recommend the use of non-woven disposable drapes or woven drapes with an impermeable operating tray in all surgical cases.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1999

[Life-cycle assessment of single-use versus reusable surgical drapes (cellulose/polyethylene-mixed cotton system)].

Surgical drapes made of cotton are under increasing competition with various disposable products and reusable draping systems (e.g., made of synthetic fabrics like polyester). When making a choice to use one of these medical devices in practical surgery, major aspects like handling, hygienic safety and costs, but also environmental effects have to be taken into account. In this study a mixed system for patient drapes (reusable cotton drapes combined with a reduced set of impermeable single-use drapes made of cellulose/polyethylene) was compared to a system that is only based on single-use drapes with regard to ecology [life-cycle assessment (LCA)]. The medical literature was reviewed to assess important medical aspects of the use of patient drapes, resulting in the statement that there are no conclusive arguments to support a clear hygienic superiority of one of these alternatives. Based on the conditions assumed and stated, the results of the LCA indicate that the mixed draping system is associated with two times more total energy consumption. In addition, more water is needed and more CO2 emissions are produced. However, draping with the single-use product results in more clinical waste. Regarding water pollution no system proved superior. It is difficult to compare and weigh various environmental aspects like the polluting cultivation of cotton in distant countries (reusable drapes) and the higher figure of transportation necessary to deliver the single-use product within Germany. It is an important disadvantage of the mixed system that it combines the ecological burden of both cotton drapes and the single-use alternative.

Cellulose↗
PubMed2006

Brief laboratory report: surgical drape flammability.

Fires in the operating room continue to present a hazard to patients, at times with catastrophic and debilitating results. Recent data from closed claim files reveal oxygen, electrosurgical unit (ESU), and surgical drapes are common components of the fire triangle in the operating room. In this era of biotechnological sophistication, why are surgical drapes flammable? The purpose of this study was to test the flammability of different surgical drape materials and to determine the time to ignition using a bipolar ESU device in 21%, 35%, and 100% oxygen concentrations. Results show that regardless of oxygen concentration surgical drapes, when exposed to close contact with the ESU, are flammable. Time to ignition decreases with increasing concentrations of oxygen as expected. One of the surgical drapes tested was advertised to the hospital as nonflammable. Future research should focus on surgical drape materials and aim to reduce the flammability of such items in the operating room.

Bedding and Linens↗
PubMed1985

Flammable surgical drapes--a patient and personnel hazard.

After a surgical drape fire, the New York State Society of Anesthesiologists, Operating Room Safety Committee, investigated the factors contributing to it. Subsequently, eight detailed cases were collected. It found that no voluntary standards or government regulations exist to oversee the flammability of surgical drapes; no agency or bureau collects reports of operating room fires; most professionals are not aware of the hazard because no labelling requirements regarding flammability exist and because most episodes are minor in nature or settled out of court and thus not reported. This relatively new hazard has developed with the more frequent use of high-energy devices designed to provide better therapeutic results.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

UK surgical draping practices. A national survey.

Surgical draping practices throughout the UK vary between hospitals. This national survey (funded through an NATN/3M Clinical Fellowship) sought to determine the extent of various draping practices and identify practitioners' reasons for selecting specific draping products.

Bedding and Linens↗
PubMed2002

Using a sterile disposable protective surgical drape for reduction of radiation exposure to interventionalists.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to show the effectiveness of a new radiation protection method designed to decrease the amount of scatter radiation received by practitioners performing procedures under fluoroscopic guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sterile, disposable, lead-free surgical drape containing radiation protection material composed primarily of bismuth was evaluated for effectiveness in reducing radiation doses to health care personnel. Measurements of phantom scatter, patient scatter, skin entrance, and the effects of collimation, together with comparative monthly thermoluminescent dosimeter recordings, were taken to determine the effectiveness of X-ray beam attenuation using the bismuth drapes. RESULTS: Scatter radiation to physicians, as measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters placed on each eye, the thyroid, and the wrist, was reduced by 12-fold for the eyes, 25-fold for the thyroid, and 29-fold for the hands when the radiation-attenuating surgical drape was used when compared with control studies performed with a standard nonattenuating surgical drape alone. Monthly thermoluminescent dosimeter measurements decreased fourfold in one physician. Using the protective drape reduced exposure to the assistant in each case to negligible levels. Skin entrance dose was not increased unless the protective drape was placed directly in the X-ray beam. An X-ray attenuation factor equivalent to 0.1 mm of lead with 8 x 8 cm collimation reduced the scatter rates from five- to ninefold despite a 30-40% increase in entrance exposure rate as the lead equivalence increased. CONCLUSION: Depending on the procedure, the height of the practitioner, and the positioning of the radiation-attenuating surgical drape, use of this drape can substantially reduce the radiation dose to personnel with minimal or no additional radiation exposure to the patient.

Bismuth↗
PubMed2004

Laser ignition of surgical drape materials in air, 50% oxygen, and 95% oxygen.

BACKGROUND: Operating room fires fueled by surgical drapes and ignited by high-energy surgical tools in air and oxygen-enriched atmospheres continue to occur. METHODS: The authors examined the time to ignition of huck towels and three commonly used surgical drape materials in air, 50% oxygen, and 95% oxygen using a carbon dioxide surgical laser as an ignition source. In addition, a phenol-polymer fabric was tested. RESULTS: In air, polypropylene and phenol polymer do not ignite. For polypropylene, the laser instantly vaporized a hole, and therefore, interaction between the laser and material ceased. When tested in combination with another material, the polypropylene time to ignition assumed the behavior of the material with which it was combined. For phenol polymer, the laser did not penetrate the material. Huck towels, cotton-polyester, and non-woven cellulose-polyester ignited in air with decreasing times to ignition. All tested materials ignited in 50% and 95% oxygen. CONCLUSION: The results of this study reveal that with increasing oxygen concentration, the time to ignition becomes shorter, and the consequences become more severe. The possibility exists for manufacturers to develop drape materials that are safer than existing materials.

Bedding and Linens↗
PubMed1980

Operating room temperature prior to surgical draping: effect on patient temperature in recovery room.

Assessment was made of whether a cold-room environment prior to surgical draping affected patient temperature or the incidence of shivering in the recovery room in patients undergoing major vascular surgery when warming blankets and warmed fluids were used to maintain intraoperative temperature. Forty-two patients scheduled to undergo major vascular surgery were randomly assigned in equal numbers to a "cold or "warm" room. Temperatures in the "warm" rooms were 22.2 C or above (range 22.8-25.6 C) until draping, and in "cold" rooms, 18.9 C or below (ranged 13.9-17.8 C). Once surgical drapes were placed, the room temperature control was set at its minimum, 17 C. All intravenous fluids and blood were warmed to 37.5 C, and a heating blanket was maintained at 37.8 C before and during the operative procedure. Patient temperatures initially did not differ between groups. Despite significantly greater heat loss prior to draping in the cold-room group (0.63 +/- 0.14 C) than in the warm-room group (0.32 +/- 0.10 C) (p < 0.01), there were no differences in temperature in the recovery room, shivering, myocardial, renal CNS, pulmonary, or graft morbidity in the two groups. In major intra-abdominal vascular operations the use of warming blankets and the practice of warming all fluids for infusion allow a comfortable room temperature without detriment to patient care.

Body Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of surgical draping on bacterial contamination in the surgical field].

Standardized samples were taken from the skin of 100 patients immediately before and after their hip operation. 50 patients were operated with and 50 patients without use of plastic drapes. The samples were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by the employment of usual microbiological methods. The statistical analysis revealed that at the end of the operations there were a) as many microbes on the drape as on the skin where no drape had been used and b) many more microbes under the drapes than either on them or on undraped skin. The value of the plastic drape as a means of preventing infections has to be doubted. Discontinuing the use of plastic drapes seems to be justified.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Flammability of disposable surgical drapes.

We discuss the high degree of flammability of disposable surgical drapes. The results of two separate tests and corresponding photographs are presented to verify the flammability. We stress the importance of the flame spread rate.

Disposable Equipment↗
PubMed1995

[Eye operation with local anesthesia and protection of the other eye with a watch glass in patients afraid of visual occlusion by surgical drapes].

PATIENTS: We report on 30 patients who were afraid of having their faces fully covered with surgical drapes for the purpose of an eye-operation in local anesthesia. CHOICE: Patients who reported spontaneously of claustrophobia or who showed progressive fear during the routine preoperative preparation were chosen. METHOD: The second eye was protected by means of a watch-glass and covered again with a sterile film together with the eye to be operated upon. RESULTS: In all of these cases operation in local anesthesia was possible, no general anesthesia was needed.

Anxiety↗